Chemistry

Procedure:Calculations1. Calculate the volume required to produce 0.0125 mol of acetone.2. Calculate the volume of 2.2 “equivalents” of benzaldehyde. (In other words, 2.2 times asmany moles of benzaldehyde as of acetone.) Note: the equation involves a simple 2:1stoichiometry.By using an actual 2.2:1 ratio, it ensures that the benzaldehyde is surplus and that theacetone is limiting. This is helpful for several reasons:a. Aldehyde oxidation. Aldehydes are often impure, because oxidation to carboxylicacid is fairly facile. By using 2.2 equivalents of benzaldehyde, then even if 10% ofthe benzaldehyde is corrupt we ensure that we still have enough to fully react with theacetone.b. Reaction Time. By having an excess of benzaldehyde, it makes it easier for thereaction to go to completion. Otherwise late in the reaction there isn’t muchbenzaldehyde left to react, so the reaction slows down a lot. By intentionally puttingin some extra, it maintains at least a minimal concentration of electrophilic till thevery end, such that getting 100% conversion of the ketone isn’t so hard and doesn’ttake so long. Ease of Product Purification: Disubstitution versus monosubstitution. Enablingcomplete conversion greatly simplifies purification. If complete conversion does notoccur, either because benzaldehyde runs out or because insufficient time is used, thedesired “disubstitution” product “dibenzalacetone”, in which two benzaldehydes havebeen incorporated, is contaminated by “benzalacetone”, the “monosubstitution”product in which only one benzaldehyde has been incorporated. Since the mono- anddisubstituted products aren’t that different, it’s not that easy to remove the undesiredside-product from the main desired product. But if you just make sure the reactiongoes all the way to the desired product, then you don’t need to worry about it!Doing the Reaction:1. Use a 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask with a magnetic stirring bar.2. Add 50 mL of the NaOH-Ethanol-Water solution mixture.3. Place the solution on the magnetic stirrers and adjust the stirring dial to get a nice, evenstirring action.4. To this add the calculated amount of benzaldehyde by syringe5. Add the calculated amount of acetone by syringe, last. (The acetone should go in last, afterthe benzaldehyde electrophile is already available. If the acetone goes in first, it could doaldol condensation on itself, in which enolate anions just attacks neutral acetone carbonyls.Ketone carbonyls aren’t competitive with aldehyde carbonyls as electrophiles, but if there areno aldehydes available, ketones are better than nothing!)6. Watch the solution carefully, with a watch, at the beginning of the reaction, so that you cankeep good observational records.How long does it take for the solution to turn yellow? Given that all the reactants arecolorless, what does the yellow color mean?

M04 Discussion: Nomenclature Instructions Reply to 2 classmates. Discuss your answers in a well-developed reply of five or more sentences. Please add your research to your peer’s post. Discussion Topic This week we are learning about Nomenclature. In your response to your peers, consider their answers. Do you agree? Why or why not? Can you add more information to their response? Do you have any questions on what they found? Please make your response at least 75 words. Reply to this: For my common everyday chemical compound I decided to pick salicylic acid. I picked this chemical compound because I basically see it every day, twice a day to be exact. It is one of the main chemical compounds found in my clarifying acne lotion. Salicylic acid works by causing the cells of the epidermis to slough off more readily, preventing pores from clogging up. Salicylic acid is better known in the chemistry world as 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid. Its formula is C7H6O3. This compound is a colorless, crystalline organic acid, and it is widely used in organic synthesis and functions as a plant hormone. Salicylic acid is derived from the metabolism of salicin. Salicylic acid modulates COX2 gene expression to decrease the formation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. Salicylate may competitively inhibit prostaglandin formation. Salicylate’s antirheumatic (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory) actions are a result of its analgesic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Salicylic acid is commonly used in medications to help remove the outer most layer of the skin. Some of its most common uses are to treat acne, warts, dandruff, psoriasis, ringworm, and ichthyosis. In the pharmaceutical industry, salicylic acid was one of the original starting materials for making aspirin, dating back to 1897. Salicylic acid is also an active ingredient in stomach relief medications such as Pepto Bismol. Thanks to the salicylic acid, kaopectate, the main ingredient in Pepto Bismol, can actually act as a anti-inflammatory and as an antacid and mild antibiotic. Lastly, Salicylic acid is used as a food preservative, a bactericidal and an antiseptic. Reply to this: The chemical compound I chose is magnesium carbonate (MgCO3). I found it in a hair lightener product. A common name for it is magnesite. It is a salt of carbonic acid and is used in hair product because it acts as a binder and/or absorbent. It also helps in the adjustment of the PH of the product. Magnesium carbonate is in a lot of things and for various reasons. We consume magnesium carbonate in different ways such as biscuits as a demanding agent, as a food additive it is known as E504. It is added to food to retain color and in salt to make it free flowing as well as flour as an anti clumping agent. We can also take magnesium carbonate as a medication to help the bowels loosen. Toothpaste is another common household item where you can find magnesium carbonate. Other uses for magnesium carbonate are for weightlifters and gymnast when they use ” chalk” before performing. It acts as an absorbing agent in drying their hands. It is also used in glass production, cosmetics, fireproof items for insulation After doing some research on this compound it is in more items than I initially thought that it would be.

1. Explain why CO is named the “silent killer”. Select two other pollutants for which this name would not apply and explain why not.

For the final assignment, I will provide each of you with a total synthesis paper to read and evaluate. You will write a short, informal paper (~3-4 pages) containing the following sections (numbered, please):             • Brief bio of the researchers             • Importance of the work, history, previous work – must contain at least one image taken from a previous synthesis or study of the molecule.             • General plan and key step(s) – must contain discussion of the core concept(s) behind the key steps including at least one original ChemDraw composition.             • Discussion on the success or failures of the approach, including discussion of the execution of the key step.             • One additional reaction you had never seen before and found interesting, including a mechanism for that reaction (can be drawn by you or lifted from a previous paper).             • References – must use at least 4 original research papers beyond the assigned one (so at least 5 total). No more than 1 paper can be cited in section 1 alone.   https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02478 (Total Synthesis of Repraesentin F and Configuration Reassignment by a Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cyclization Cascade)

For the final assignment, I will provide each of you with a total synthesis paper to read and evaluate. You will write a short, informal paper (~3-4 pages) containing the following sections (numbered, please):             • Brief bio of the researchers             • Importance of the work, history, previous work – must contain at least one image taken from a previous synthesis or study of the molecule.             • General plan and key step(s) – must contain discussion of the core concept(s) behind the key steps including at least one original ChemDraw composition.             • Discussion on the success or failures of the approach, including discussion of the execution of the key step.             • One additional reaction you had never seen before and found interesting, including a mechanism for that reaction (can be drawn by you or lifted from a previous paper).             • References – must use at least 4 original research papers beyond the assigned one (so at least 5 total). No more than 1 paper can be cited in section 1 alone.   https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02478 (Total Synthesis of Repraesentin F and Configuration Reassignment by a Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cyclization Cascade)

please choose one topic for the article from the followings: 1. What is fatty Liver and how to prevent and reverse this disease? 2. What is Kidney disease and how to prevent and cure the disease? Writing Procedure:   -First do a research for the topic in the scientific journals such as Pubmed/NCBI/NIH or others online resources.   -Select at least 10 published journals for the topic, review and summarize the content in your article   -The article should be well explained with necessary image in every paragraph. Images should be collected from the article or from the free image sources so that it does not fall under copyright law.    -Each paragraph should have bolded heading and every item in the paragraph should be also sectioned out with bolded heading.     -There is no limit for the length of the article, but it has to be minimum 550words, and it MUST be in 10  FONT SIZE.    -References have to be cited twice- inside the content using only order number as well as at the end of your article in order using MLA format.. Article will not be accepted if scientific references are not cited properly!

Section 1: (ASQ) – Continuation of Chapter 2 ? Go to American Society for Quality (ASQ) ? Answer the following questions: o Who is ASQ and what do they do? o List all certifications that are available through ASQ? o Does ASQ focus primarily on the private sector? Why? o List the four levels of individual memberships? o What are the benefits of belonging to ASQ? o What are the seven basic quality tools mentioned on this website o According the ASQ, what is the definition of the job title “Specialist?” ? Then… Section 2: – Chapter 3 ? Discuss the differences between Deming, Juran and Croby’s Philosophy’s of quality ? Write a summary telling: o Discuss the differences in their approach to quality o List the differences o Discuss what effect each one had on the world as we know it today o If you search the internet, include the URL’s where you found your information ? Then… Section 3: ? Pick three companies and go to their web-sites. Search for their statements on quality (you will often find this type information in the “about us” area or in their mission statement). ? Write a summary telling o the company name o the company web address o what they said about quality ? Then… Section 4: ? Write a couple of sentences stating what you learned from this exercise and the value (or lack of) of this assignment.

Introduction (8): Minimum word limit: 300 words Introduction should focus on theory and background for the experiment you are performing. This includes any important chemical reactions or calculations that are key to the experiment. Inclusion of reactions and calculations must be discussed and not simply placed in this section. Lastly, include an industry/research related adaptation (application) of the main technique (e.g. Iodometry, gravimetric, etc…) used in the experiment. This should provide a summary of the work being done and how it relates to the experiment and should also include in-text citations (at least three citations not including lab manual and any safety information related links).  ACS format has to be used.  Introduction should focus on theory and background for the experiment you are performing. This includes any important chemical reactions or calculations that are key to the experiment. Inclusion of reactions and calculations must be discussed and not simply placed in this section. Lastly, include an industry/research related adaptation (application) of the main technique (e.g. Iodometry, gravimetric, etc…) used in the experiment. This should provide a summary of the work being done and how it relates to the experiment and should also include in-text citations (at least three citations not including lab manual and any safety information related links).

Identify any toxin chemicals. The specific instuctions is in the jpg file, and grading rubric is a word document There must be at least 10 references, but no more than two internet sites.!

Take a look at the power point and response to the question for each chapter Chapter 12 How can chemicals be used to send messages in our bodies? Chapter 13 How does knowledge of the chemistry of DNA help us to understand how significant our genetic makeup is? Chapter 14 How is chemistry related to forensic science?