Law

What were the 5 issues identified in the Gilmore Commission? Should law and Federal Acts, such as the Patriot Act, be structure in a way to better enable agencies to detect terrorist activities?   https://www.rand.org/nsrd/terrpanel.html

Observational research designs are useful when we want to explore and describe new relationships between our variables of interest, or for when we want a study that is high in external validity, and as such focuses on how people behave naturally in the real world.  There are some potential sources of error when designing observational research, including: ·       Reactivity-which is a tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being observed ·       Observer bias- this occurs when researchers collect and measure their data in a way that fits their hypothesis, (perhaps they see ‘what they want to see’) Our task for this week is to design an observational research design to help us learn something about Wrongful Convictions and DNA Exonerations for our literature review.  Generally speaking, the different classes of observational designs include: ·       Natural or systematic observation, where we observe people’s behavior and collect data ·       Use of preexisting data, such as archival research or a meta-analysis, where we use the web to collect observations on available information about our topic ·       Case studies, where we take an in-depth look or review at a specific individual, organization, or situation to see what it may teach us about our topic Our goal is to design a research scenario that is observational in nature, and then to collect data, and write-up a review of what we have learned.  To complete your observational mini-study, please: 1.     Select an observational design and determine what data you will collect, when and where you will collect your data, and how you will define your variables of interest. 2.     After collecting your data, please write-up a 2-3 page review of the following and submit to complete your observational mini-study: a.      What observational research method did you choose and why?  What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of this method and how might they have influenced the results of your study? b.     What, if any, potential ethical considerations may have come up as a result of conducting your study?  (For example privacy, informed consent, anonymity, etc.) c.      The results of your study-what data did you collect, and what might these results mean?  Were you surprised by any of your observations? d.     The implications of your observations and your research question.  What did your results teach you about your topic?  Did you notice any problems in validity or reliability that might have impacted your results or the conclusions you can make from this study?          References   Dioso-Villa, R., Julian, R., Kebbell, M., Weathered, L., & Westera, N. (2016). Investigation to exoneration: A systemic review of wrongful convictions in Australia. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 28(2), 157-172. Hessick, C. B. (2017). DNA Exonerations and the Elusive Promise of Criminal Justice Reform. Ohio St. J. Crim. L., 15, 271. LaPorte, G. E. R. A. L. D. (2017). Wrongful convictions and DNA exonerations: Understanding the role of forensic science. NIJ Journal, 279, 250705. Liptak, A. (2007, July 23). The study of wrongful convictions raises questions beyond DNA (Published 2007). Retrieved from Meterko, V. (2016). Strengths and Limitations of Forensic Science: What DNA Exonerations Have Taught Us and Where to Go From Here. West Virginia Law Review, 119(2), 8. Ramsey, R. J., & Frank, J. (2007). Wrongful conviction. Crime & Delinquency, 53(3), 436-470. doi:10.1177/0011128706286554 Santos, F. (2007, Jul 03). Playing Down DNA Evidence Contributed to Wrongful Conviction, Review Finds. New York Times http://mylibrary.wilmu.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.mylibrary.wilmu.edu/docview/433637123?accountid=40461 Smith, B., Zalman, M., & Kiger, A. (2009). How justice system officials view wrongful convictions. Crime & Delinquency, 57(5), 663-685. doi:10.1177/0011128709335020 Zalman, M. (2006). Criminal justice system reform and wrongful conviction. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 17(4), 468-492. doi:10.1177/0887403406292740

For this essay, you’ll be working with both a primary text and a variety of secondary texts (critical articles or book chapters analyzing an aspect of your chosen text and/or its historical, cultural, or political context). Step One: Decide on a text and a topic. Your primary text can be any of the following texts we’ve read this semester: Belinda Sutton, “Petition to the Massachusetts General Court” (1783) David Walker, excerpts from Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World (1829) Frederick Douglass, “Oration on the Unveiling of the Freedmen’s Monument” (1876) James Baldwin, “The Creative Process” (1962) Audre Lorde, “Poetry is Not a Luxury” (1977) Paule Marshall, “From the Poets in the Kitchen” (1983) Toni Morrison, “Peril” (2019) After you’ve chosen a text, choose a topic. This can be anything: a theme, an aspect of historical or social context, the author’s biography, etc. that you find interesting in your text, so long as you can find adequate critical context on this issue. Step Two: Use the RBC library databases and/or Google Scholar to find scholarly sources (chapters in books published by academic presses, articles in peer-reviewed journals) that relate to your topic. You will need to choose 3 sources. Step Three: Read your sources, then write an essay that sums up and engages your findings. Format your essay according to these guidelines. Introduction: Establish the parameters of your topic. What text did you choose? What do the articles have in common? What issues and ideas do they discuss, and why are they important? What’s at stake in the consideration of this topic, and to whom? (This should be 2-3 paragraphs long) Source 1: Summarize your first article or chapter. Identify the author and article title, and state the main points and purpose of the text. Make sure you’re describing what the author is arguing and the types of evidence they use in order to make their claims. (1-2 well-developed paragraphs) Source 2: Summarize your second article or chapter. Identify the author and article title, and state the main points and purpose of the text. Make sure you’re describing what the author is arguing and the types of evidence they use in order to make their claims (1-2 well-developed paragraphs) Source 3: Summarize your second article or chapter. Identify the author and article title, and state the main points and purpose of the text. Make sure you’re describing what the author is arguing and the types of evidence they use in order to make their claims (1-2 well-developed paragraphs) Conversation: Analyze the overall effects of these sources’ arguments. What, when taken together, do they lead you to conclude about the topic? What resolution(s)/development(s) do you see emerging after reviewing these arguments? What kind of specific evidence do you see in your primary text that guides you to either accept or reject a critic’s reading? (This should be at least 4-5 paragraphs) Style Guidelines: Use MLA style guidelines to format in-text citations and compose a works cited section. For a detailed overview of the unit 3 essay, watch this video of the zoom lecture/discussion about the essay. To watch the video, enter passcode: q=r7%3e6

The short paper asks that you choose a nation not treated in the class, describe the major features of that system and how they differ from that of the United States, and explain why those differences exist and what the repercussion of those differences will be for the functioning of the system.The country of choice is El Salvador

What are the three components of a balanced policy control system?

Look at Henry David Thoreau’s “Resistance to Civil Government.”  He claims that it is not just our right as Americans, but it is also our duty to defy unjust laws.  This is a very American idea.  Part of the American identity involves intervening in the face of injustice.  Do you agree with this point?  What boundaries should exist to those interventions?  Support your claims using “Resistance to Civil Government” AND Robert Frost, “Mending Wall,300 words minimum (excluding quotations and citations) MUSTInclude two properly and integrated quotations (one from each work) to support your claims.  You may use either direct or paraphrased quotes.

Bell acknowledges that countries like China also struggle with the ‘tyranny of the minority’; but does he give sufficient attention to how such a problem might be solved in political meritocracies? Might it be more difficult that Bell allows – he suggests that if leaders personally feel the problem of inequality then they will develop policies to combat it?

For this paper, you will design a criminal justice agency of your own vision.  What is the agency? How is it designed? What is its mission?  I want you to incorporate what you consider valuable needed aspects of the organization.  For example, you would want to include but not limit it to:1) How would your facility align with criminal justice reform and not contribute to the “broken criminal justice system” in exsistence today?2) Compare how your criminal justice organization would mirror or operate to one that is already established.priorities.4) List some ways you would incorporate motivating employees and how important is motivation in your organization and why.5) Are there any historical CJ perspectives you learned about in this course that are successful still today and that you would incorporate in your organization?6) How would you effectively evaluate your employees and what does that look like?7) What would you have planned for occupationa socialization in your organization?8) How would you strengthen the decision making skillset of your employees?9) What kind of change and innovation do you have in place for your organization that does not exsist in CJ agencies today that really should have already been in exsistence.10) Think of your past interview with your criminal justice professional.  What did you learn from that CJ leader that you can incorporate in your organization._____________________________________________________________Your paper MUST be formatted with proper APA in text citations and references for ALL supporting details you cite.  This is essential to stay in alignment with the academic integrity policy.  Be careful when you copy information as the plagarisim tracker picks up identical words and phrases, so you will want to make sure you are rewriting that information in your own words.The paper should have a APA title page, Abstract page, besides those pages you should have  at least  3 pages of  supporting details and analysis/self reflection about your organization, then the Conclusion, and Reference pages. Set up should most likely resemble this:1)  APA Title Page2) Abstract3) Research/Supporting Details and Self Reflection/Analysis of what you comprehended.4) Conclusion5) References

Essay prompt: “Justice, Justice, Justice.” says Isabella. But how does Shakespeare want us to understand justice in “Measure for Measure”? How does Shakespeare’s conception of justice compare to that of at least one other thinker/text discussed this semester? the other texts we have discussed this semester, of only one needs to be referenced, are : the apology, antigone, the crito , platos republic, leviathan

Description1) Research online assignment are in12 font size and Time New Roman or Arial (usually) and are double spaced with a1 inch margin, (top, bottom, right, and left). Do not use italics or bold print.Citing Information:1) Cite where information has come from within the assignment using APA format.*********Please complete in paragraph format please*************Online Research Assignment 41. * Determine the current U.S. national and, for a state of your choice, any current state minimum wage. If the state has a minimum wage lower than the federal standard, which one applies to employers for workers in that state? Explain. If the state has a minimum wage than the federal standard, analyze the effect of that higher rate on the state`s economy.2. * For a nation other than the U.S., identify laws setting minimum wages employers are required to pay employees. Compare and contrast these to the U.S. laws on that topic discussed in this chapter.3. *Identify a U.S. air carrier that is currently operating with no labor union certified to represent any of its employees and where no union organizing effort is known to be underway. How long has that carrier been in operation? Identify factors you believe account for that carrier being non-union.