Economics

During the Great Recession, like any other economic downturn, as unemployment rises, aggregate income declines causing a major decline in tax collections. On the other hand, with the rise in unemployment, spending on safety net programs rise. So, there are not too many good options available to resort the health of the national economy. It will be very difficult to defend cuts in the federal government programs and especially the programs geared to sustain the minimum of the standard of living for the recent “poor.” So, government needs to increase its borrowing. Deficit spending refers to government spending exceeding what it brings in federal income and corporate taxes during a certain period. Deficit spending hence increases government debt. Many economists accept that deficit spending is desirable and necessary as part of countercyclical fiscal policy. In such a case, government increases its borrowing and hence its deficit to compensate for the shortfall in aggregate demand. This is derived from Keynesian economics, and has been the mainstream economics view. Following John Maynard Keynes, many economists recommend deficit spending to moderate or end a recession, especially a severe one. When the economy has high unemployment, an increase in government purchases creates a market for business output, creating income and encouraging increases in consumer spending, which creates further increases in the demand for business output (this is the multiplier effect). This raises the real gross domestic product (GDP) and the level of employment and lowers the unemployment rate. Government borrowing under such circumstances increases the demand for borrowing and thus pushes interest rates up. Rising interest rates can “crowd out” (discourage) fixed private investment spending, canceling out some of the demand stimulus arising from the deficit Write an essay analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of deficit spending and the effects of federal government borrowing on the economy i.e., the “crowding out” effect. Complete this essay in a Microsoft Word document, and in APA format. Note your submission will automatically be submitted through “TurnItIn” for plagiarism review. Please note that a minimum of 700 words for your essay is required. Your paper must be structured as follows 1. Cover page with a running head 2. Introduction: What is deficit spending and how does it work? 2.1. What are the advantages of deficit spending? 2.2. What are the disadvantages of deficit spending? 3. What is the crowding-out effect and how does it work? 4. Conclusions: Do you believe that deficit spending helps or hinders short-term and long-term economic growth? How? Why? 5. References

View video: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/ascentofmoney/featured/the-ascent-of-money-episode-1-from-bullion-to-bubbles/44/ Analyze and comment on your impressions regarding the global economy. How does an issue with finance in one country impact others? How have we evolved over time to rely upon “non-paper” money to drive economies around the world?

ECO201 – Student Assessment Project Guidelin Revised 7/02/20 1) Summarize the trend of each of the chapter “main homework topics” in relation to if each is trending towards a “recessionary” or “inflationary” period. GDP CPI GDP per Capita Debt to GDP ratio Gross National Savings National Debt Unemployment Rate Central Bank monetary policies Balance of Payments Exchange rate to US Dollar Trade Restrictions 2) Based upon your analysis of #1 decide if your country is either in a: a)recessionary gap….economy is operating below its full capability/capacity b)inflationary gap…economy is growing too fast & prices are increasing 3)Discuss where on the “business cycle” your country is at the present. 4)Use AS-AD graph to show where your country’s economy is at the present. 5)Identify how you intend to improve the economy of your country by prescribing fiscal and monetary policy changes you would make. 1.Will you use discretionary policy or rules based policies? — Why? 2.

Except question a,f,g,j can be write in word form, ithers have to make in the spreadsheet.

In this final essay of 5-6 pages, the author will give an educated analysis of Trade, Immigration and Foreign Direct Investment according to the models and theories in Chapters 1-9, and discuss how good or bad are these three issues for the welfare of a country. All paragraphs must be well supported on the theories and facts that were examined in the book, and the book ONLY. Topics To Be Analyzed In The Paper — 1. Patterns of Trade 1a. Apply the basic theory of trade and the model from David Ricardo, the key foundation of trade between countries. 1b. Apply and discuss the gravity model, the Heckscher-Ohlin model, and the specific factors model. Determine changes in wages, return on capital and welfare in each one of the models. 1.c Examine in a global way the role of migration between countries, foreign investment and its importance for world trade 2. Explanations for International Trade 2a. Analyze the effects of migration on output, wages and rental and determine the advantages and disadvantages of immigration between countries. 2b. Analyze and discuss the effects of foreign direct investment in the short and long run. 2c. Analyze and discuss trade in the context of a monopolistic competitive model. 3. International Trade Policies 3a. Analyze trade policy instruments: the role of Import tariffs and quotas, subsidies under perfect competition and imperfect competition. 3b. Analyze international trade agreements, and the role of the WTO.

Find an article that expounds on a change in the government regulation/spending that will personally impact you. Expound on the findings in your research and the positive/negative personal impact on you in an essay with proper APA citations. This must be at least 400 words (not including APA documentation (in-text and works cited and headings). Please note that the only file formats that are acceptable are Word (.doc or .docx).

The Project’s Guidelines:   PROJECT OUTLINES –Microeconomics Fall Semester 2020       I.         Executive Summary of the public company      II.         Company Overview / History of the company    III.         Industry Analysis a.     Market Size/ the growth of the market ( the industry) b.     Numbers of Companies in the Industry and major players    IV.         Company: Business Model and Market Overview Ø  Major products and services Ø  Current Target Market           Ø  Current Pricing Strategies       Ø  Current Distribution Strategies     V.         Competitive Analysis 1.     Competition Analysis ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.     Supplier Power ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.     Buyer Power ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4.      Barriers to entry (Entry and Exit ) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5.     Substitutes ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6.     Complements …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1.     SWOT ANALYSIS 2.     Strengths 3.     Weaknesses … 4.     Opportunities 5.     Threats    VI.         Financial Analysis a.     Overview Cost and revenue b.     Profitability and Growth  VII.         CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS A)    Give the overview about the present and the future about the company B)    Highlight the big challenges facing the company ahead C)    The recommendations for the company to improve its market position     Note: It has to be in MLA format and make sure to cite where you get your information for your research paper whether it’s the book or online. Make sure you have a work cited page. If you are using a website, then paste it into Purdue.com, where it asks for the website link then press cite, lastly follow the directions and copy the citation. This is the website link https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/resources.html

Principles of economics Essay questions Ie. Define the term “property rights” and explain why the lack of well–defined and enforceable property rights is detrimental to the smooth functioning of a market system. It’s for BAM 223 Principle of Economics writing assignments. It will need references. From textbook or Websites are approved. APA Be sure to provide a citation and a reference for any materials used, including the required textbook. The following points are designed to help you understand how to provide proper citations and references for your work: Sources are listed in two places. The first, a citation, is briefly listed within your answer. This includes identifying information that directs the reader to your list of references at the end of your writing assignment. The second, a reference, is at the end of your work in the list of references section. All sources cited should follow APA style and provide enough identifying information so that the reader can access the original material.

A major component of this course involves reading Thaler and Sunstein’s Nudge, and completing the nudge project. This project involves (1) identifying an organizational problem/issue; (2) designing an effective nudging strategy to address the problem/issue; and (3) writing an essay that describes the problem and nudge strategy you have developed. First, you need to identify a problem. The problem doesn’t have to be monumental. Think about problems at your work, church, softball team, etc. Select a problem that directly impacts you and/or those around you. The more familiar you are with the problem, the better! You need to complete this step of the project no later than Week #3 of the course. I will ask you to submit a brief abstract/summary of your project in Week #3. Second, you will design an effective nudge strategy. For this part of the project, it will be helpful to read A Practioner’s Guide to Nudging, by Mazar, Zhao, and Soman. They suggest a four-step process for developing a nudging strategy. Begin the nudging process by auditing “the decision-making process of the end user.” That is, you should identify the critical factors and actions that ultimately lead to the problem. These factors (bottlenecks) are possible areas where a nudging strategy might pay off. It is a good idea to develop a “decision map” like Figure 2 on page 16 of A Practioner’s Guide. Also, you may want to work through the worksheet in Appendix 2 of A Practioner’s Guide. This will help you identify the factors (bottlenecks) that ultimately lead to the problem. The third step in the process is to select the nudge(s). Mazar, Zhao, and Soman suggest that you think through the following four questions: Is the individual aware of what they need to do but are unable to accomplish it, or does a desired behavior/action need to be activated? Are they motivated enough to impose a nudge on themselves? Is the action more likely to be taken with increased cognition, or are individuals currently hampered by cognitive overload? Is the desired action not being accomplished because of a competing action, or due to inertia? Consequently, should we aim to discourage the competing action or encourage the target action? In this stage of the process, you want to give careful thought to the behavioral influences and heuristics that may be contributing to the problem. In step four of the process, you want to identify the constraints that may hinder the nudge from being implemented. In the final step, if several nudges have been identified, you want to prioritize. Remember, a nudge must be “cheap and easy.” As such, you want to consider the operational costs associated with implementation of the nudge. The nudge project will culminate with an essay that is due the last week of class. This essay will include (1) a complete description and analysis of the problem you trying to address; (2) a nudge strategy; and (3) a thorough description of how you developed the nudge strategy. This project will be submitted and scanned through Turnitin. Guidelines for the Nudge Project Preliminaries: Read Nudge. The essay should reflect a comprehensive understanding of the text. Read the assignment description in the Introduction/Syllabus section of the online course. Read A Practitioner’s Guide to Nudging. This will provide valuable information on how to design an effective nudge strategy. Although not necessary, it may be helpful to read Nudging in Airports. Technical Issues: The essay should be 10-15, double-spaced pages in length – approximately 3,000 words. You may include a brief abstract. However, the page requirement does not include cover page, abstract, and reference page. There should be less than three spelling/grammatical errors. All sources must be properly cited internally and referenced. Use APA format. The paper must satisfy the similarity threshold specified in the syllabus. Use reliable sources. This is not a research report. However, if you make use of outside resources, make sure they are reliable. Do not use blogs as a source. If the author of an article cannot be identified, do not use that article as a source. The paper must be well organized. Make appropriate use of headings and sub-headings. Content Expectations: This essay will include (1) a complete description and analysis of the problem you trying to address; (2) a nudge strategy (or strategies); and (3) a thorough description of how you developed the nudge strategy (or strategies). The essay will demonstrate a clear understanding of choice architecture. Remember, a nudge is NOT a system of rewards and punishment. A nudge is simply a means of altering one’s environment in a way that encourages a desired behavior. Also, a nudge, by definition, will be low cost (i.e., cheap and easy). Nudge strategies will be evaluated based on three criteria: originality, creativity, and attention to detail. Although you may analyze an old, familiar problem, the nudge strategies should be new and original. Be creative. Think outside the box. Be specific. Notice on the first page of Nudging Smoke in Airports, the authors provide a picture of a “smoking zone.” Integrate Nudge, by Thaler and Sunstein. Your essay will demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the text. How did the book influence the problem you chose to analyze and/or the nudge strategies you developed? Is there a nudge described in the book that inspired you? (Chapters 16 and 19 have great examples.

This is actually a re-write because I did not get the full information the first time. The instructions are as followed: For your term paper you will need to summarize the content of the article “Productivity Puzzle” then extten its content with your own suggestions for what the federal, state and local government as well as local businesses can do to increase worker productivity in your area. The paper should have two parts. The first part should summarize the content of the article. The summarization should include descriptions of presented measurements which relate to worker productivity, information on current trends in productivity and factors which impact productivity, and the authors proposals for what can impact worker productivity in the future. The second part of your paper should include your ideas for what can be done to increase worker productivity in your area. I suggest focusing on what the federal/state/local government could do as well what can be done by local businesses. Your submission must be a Word document or a PDF (other formats will not be accepted). Any data or other people’s ideas (other than the required article) you present must be cited.