Economics

In a critical essay, evaluate the three major approaches to analyzing the economic impact of currency depreciation: the elasticities approach, the absorption approach, and the monetary approach.  Compare and contrast the three approaches and provide examples that distinguish them from each other. Note:  – Paper should contain an introduction and conclusion and headlines  – Rely on Carbaugh as a key reference – References should be alphabetized  – Free plagiarism – Check the attached previous assignments for professor feedback regarding the format and content

Milton Friedman, Nobel Peace Prize Winner in Economic Theory, said that the business of business and the only social responsibility of a business is to make a profit and that if it consistently fails that purpose, it will soon cease to exist.  Do you agree with that sentiment? Why? Why not? Can one make a business argument for social responsibility? That is, can Friedman’s assertion be reconciled with the current theory that firms have a Social Responsibility to Society?

– Please make strictly no evaluation of the points. – While the questions themselves appear innocuous, I am looking for economic sophistication in the answers. It is crucial that you have at least the economic background required by the prerequisites

(Read the picture’s content first, then according to the content to write the discussion post. need to finish as required. ) The discussion problem is: Give an example of adverse selection problem in the economic world, and explain how financial intermediaries can potentially reduce this type of adverse selection.

Answer the following two critical thinking questions from the text, Chapter 10 – 14. Be sure to cite references and in APA OpenStax College. (2016). Principles of economics. http://cnx.org/contents/[email protected] Many critics of government programs to help low-income individuals argue that these programs create a poverty trap. Explain how programs such as TANF, EITC, SNAP, and Medicaid will affect low-income individuals and whether or not you think these programs will benefit families and children. To reduce income inequality, should the marginal tax rates on the top 1% be increased? Explain your position

There is an economy problem in Liberia at this time from shortage of money to high high ship. Some link https://frontpageafricaonline.com/front-slider/central-bank-of-liberia-says-it-needed-to-have-printed-l7-5bn-to-meet-demand-for-liberian-dollars/:  Central Bank of Liberia Says It Needed to Have Printed L$7.5bn to Meet Demand for Liberian Dollars By Gerald C. Koinyeneh Last updated Dec 24, 2020  0  Share Monrovia – The Central Bank of Liberia (CBL) has attributed the shortage of Liberian and United States dollar banknotes on the Liberian market to the reluctance of the Legislature to grant its request of printing the amount of L$7.5 billion and the COVID-19 pandemic that is ravaging the world. The CBL statement comes in the wake of a warning from the United States Embassy in Monrovia to its citizens and permanent residents visiting Liberia of the difficulties in getting cash in the country. The Embassy, in an alert to would-be travelers, noted that the banking sector in the country has been experiencing cash shortage over the last several months. It also noted that ATM machines often do not dispense money. “As a consequence, it is difficult to obtain adequate cash supplies from ATMs and banks.  There are no ATM facilities for public use at the U.S. Embassy,” the Embassy stated. As per regulation, travelers would have to declare cash amount of US$10,000 and above upon arrival in Liberia. Passenger may, however, be allowed to enter with US$7,500 or less. In a statement release on Tuesday, the CBL acknowledged that that it is aware of the shortage of money in the banking system, particularly the limited supply of Liberian dollars, noting that it is unusual and can be attributed to the increased demand for Liberian dollars overtime, which has been exacerbated by COVID-19.   “The Central Bank of Liberia (CBL) is fully aware of the current liquidity pressure in the banking system, particularly the limited supply of Liberian dollars. It is, however, worth noting that the pressure on the Liberian dollar this year is unusual and can be attributed to the increased demand for Liberian dollars overtime, which has been exacerbated by COVID-19,” the CBL said it the statement. It continues: “In its effort to preempt this seasonal pressure, the CBL in 2019 forecast L$7.5 billion based on its analysis but was authorized to print only L$4.0 billion. This amount which was brought into the country in July this year, was inadequate to replace the current amount of mutilated banknotes and at the same meet the liquidity demand in the banking system. In spite of this constraint, the CBL has been strategically infusing the L$4.0 billion through the commercial banks with substantial amount already infused into circulation.” As additional measure, the CBL revealed that it has been working with all key stakeholders, both in the private and public sectors, to mitigate the high demand of money, adding that the Bank is currently engaged with commercial banks and mobile money operators (MNOs) to promote the use of mobile money and other electronic forms of payment in addition to withdrawal of cash. “The CBL wants to re-assure the public that it is doing everything necessary to ensure the availability of both US and Liberian dollar liquidity for the festive season. The Bank has also put into place a Liquidity Monitoring Framework, including the establishment of an Internal Liquidity Management Team to respond to the prevailing liquidity challenge.” However, the CBL said in order for it to be able to exercise full monetary authority, it will need full autonomy over the printing of currency like most other central banks across the world. It noted that the recent amendment of the CBL Act to give a three-year latitude to the Bank to print without frequent Legislative approvals is a positive step in the right direction. ‘Missing L$16 Billion’ Saga Impacts Legislature’s Reluctance to Approve RELATED POSTS Liberia: “Ivory Coast, Guinea or Ghana not Using Our Money,… Dec 23, 2020 Liberia: Communities Use New App to Track Illegal Logging Dec 23, 2020 Liberia: NaFAA Begins Final 2020 Fishery Fees Collection… Dec 23, 2020 For sometimes now, the George Weah’s administration and the CBL have been seeking Legislative approval to print additional banknotes to address the problem of money shortage in the banking sector. The CBL in 2019 forecast L$7.5 to be printed based on its analysis but was authorized by the Legislature to print only L$4 billion. The Bank protested that the money was inadequate to replace the current amount of mutilated banknotes and at the same time meet the liquidity demand in the banking system, but the lawmakers, who have been hugely blamed for allowing the CBL under the Governorship of Milton Weeks to print L$16 billion that that did not have any significant impact on the Liberian economy amid report that the money went missing, were not willing to authorize such huge amount. Since then, several communications from the President and efforts by the CBL to get additional money printed have been futile. In 2019, a recommendation by the Senate Committee on Banking and Currency chaired by Senator Marshall Dennis (Grand Gedeh), urging the Senate plenary to authorize the printing of Liberian dollars banknotes in several denominations and minting of coins was quashed following staunch opposition from several Senators including Oscar Cooper (IND., Margibi), Darius Dillon (CPP, Montserrado) Varney Sherman (UP) and Peter Coleman (CDC). In its seven-count recommendations, the Committee requested that the plenary of the Senate authorizes the printing of new banknotes to “completely replace the ones on the market; that the banknotes should be printed in a high grade and carries more and sophisticated security features to prevent counterfeiting, and the likes; that the CBL confines itself to the proposition document submitted to the Legislature for the printing of the currency, especially the mode of exchange enshrined in the document, as well as other monetary policies designed to avoid missteps and mistakes in the past.” The Dennis-chaired committee further recommended that the CBL put stringent policies and control measures in place to prevent hoarding, and other forms of economic sabotage; that the Senate deals with the CBL proposal to print the total amount of L$35 billion in various denominations including L$20, L$50, L$100, L$500, L$1000; as well as and coins be minted in the denominations of L$1, L$5, and L$10 as proposed by the CBL. Immediately after the reading, Margibi County Senator Oscar Cooper, sharply reacted to the Committee’s report, questioning why the CBL should request to print L$35 billion, when the money in circulation is L$21 billion that needs to be removed from the market. “What becomes of the difference of L$14 billion, which was not properly answered by the Bank Governor,” he queried. “After the L$16 billion saga with the Liberian people, this money will fall on them if not managed properly. We as committee members did not have due diligence to debate this within committee. If this Senate votes to approve this L$35 billion, we will put the Liberian people in serious, serious financial jeopardy, because many financial and economic questions have gone unanswered.” Senator Darius Dillon added: “Whatever we are doing now must be done with due diligence so that posterity can be kind to us. So colleagues, please let the Committee take this report back, and bring it to us after our return in January.” The Chairman of the Senate Committee on Judiciary, Senator Varney Sherman (UP, Grand Cape Mount County), out rightly said he will vote against the printing of L$1,000 bank notes and the minting of coins. Senator Sherman accused members of the Committee of “some fundamental issues it did not consider, such as the suggestion to the production of coins, which he said that the cost for producing coin is more than the value of the coin.” “I will vote against L$1000 banknotes and coins. How do we have control if we allow them to keep L$35 billion in their vault? I am afraid that the Liberian people will not judge us well when they look at our immediate past history, as to how we managed L$10 billion, and then we tell them that we want to print L$35 billion,” Senator Sherman warned. Although the CBL said in spite of the constraint, it has been strategically infusing the L$4 billion through the commercial banks with substantial amount already infused into circulation, the strategy seems not to be yielding fruitful results as Liberians are finding difficult to access cash at various commercial banks or are often served mutilated bank notes.

New York Cabbie Many people who have visited New York have a New York Cabbie story. In discussion with Dr. Kelly George, she can recall the time when her three children, very young at the time, realized they could raise their arm and get a car on demand! They walked all over New York, trailing behind hailing cabs right and left. In the children’s’ minds, cabs were a transportation means to get them around the city. They had no idea of the economics behind it all. New York taxis are highly regulated, much like any other large city. Standards of care, fare, and jurisdictions are set by a licensing authority. The licensing authority also sets the number of ‘medallions’ available that each yellow cab must carry in order to operate. The number of medallions have been constant at 11,787 from 1937 to 1996. The number remained constant until 1996 when the city sold 133 more (Gelder, 1996). Token increase in medallions have been authorized and now stand at 13,587 (New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission, 2016). The commission is caught up in a crossfire. Consumer advocates argue about standards of service and fares. There are substitute products available. Should additional medallions be authorized and sold to potential cabbies? Would this be good for the industry or not? Is the regulatory burden too little or too much? What type of market structure does this industry operate in? Are there still barriers to entry in this market? Should the government alter their regulations of the industry? References Gelder, L. V. (1996). Medallion limits stem from the 30’s. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/11/nyregion/medallion-limits-stem-from-the-30-s.html New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission. (2016). 2016 TLC factbook. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/11/nyregion/medallion-limits-stem-from-the-30-s.html Topic/Question – Conduct an economic analysis to determine what the optimal industry position from the point of view of a consumer, a producer, and the government is. Use real data where possible to advocate your position. Also, use academic sources as part of your literature source.

Requirements The requirements for your business case, outlined below, correspond to the scoring guide criteria, so be sure to address each main point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. In addition, be sure to note the requirements for document format and length and for supporting evidence. Analyze the potential economic opportunities and risks associated with your proposed initiative. How do the potential opportunities benefit your organization or care setting? How could potential risks pose a threat to the financial security of your organization or care setting? How do the potential economic opportunities compare to the potential economic risks? Propose ethical and culturally sensitive solutions that address the risks associated with your initiative to the future economic security of your organization or care setting. Which risks are potentially the most significant for your organization or care setting? How could you modify your proposed initiative to mitigate those risks? How have other organizations and experts in the field dealt with similar risks? How do ethics and equality factor into your proposed solutions? Are your solutions unfairly burdening or disadvantaging any specific groups? How will this proposal affect community health care delivery outcomes? What makes this a great opportunity for economic growth? What potential issues should be considered? Analyze the economic costs and benefits of your proposed initiative over a five-year period. Use the Cost-Benefit Analysis Template [XLSX] for your calculations. Add the worksheet to your business case as an appendix. Does your analysis warn against specific aspects of your proposed initiative? How would you recommend that your findings be incorporated into decisions about the feasibility of your proposed initiative? Propose ethical and culturally equitable ways of keeping costs under control, while maximizing the benefits of your initiative. What costs are you most likely to be able to control or reduce? How would you go about ensuring this? How could controlling or reducing these costs affect the benefits of your proposed initiative? What strategies could you employ to maintain or maximize these benefits, while controlling or reducing costs? How do you plan to ensure that any cost controls or benefit reductions are ethical and equitable? Justify the relevance and significance of the quantitative and qualitative economic, financial, and scholarly evidence you used to support your business case. This criterion applies to any evidence you cited throughout your business case. Your evidence should be persuasive and relevant to your findings, proposals, and recommendations. Consider one or more of the following questions when citing support evidence: How is the evidence relevant to your organization or care setting? How is the evidence relevant to your proposed economic initiative? How does the evidence illustrate a solution that has been successful in the past? How does the evidence illustrate that an initiative or solution is likely to be a net benefit to the organization or care setting? Write concisely and directly, using active voice. Proofread your document before you submit it to minimize errors that could distract readers and make it more difficult for them to focus on the substance of your business case. Apply current APA formatting to in-text citations and references. Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like: Assessment 2 Example [PDF]. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS Your assessment should also meet the following requirements: Format: Format your business case using APA current style. Use the APA Style Paper Template [DOCX]. An APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX] is also provided to help you in writing and formatting your business case. Be sure to include: A title page and references page. An abstract is not required. A running head on all pages. Appropriate section headings. Length: Your business case should be 4–7 pages in length, not including the title page and references page. Supporting evidence: Cite 4–5 authoritative and scholarly resources to support your business case. Be sure that your sources include specific economic data. By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment scoring guide criteria: Competency 2: Develop ethical and culturally equitable solutions to economic problems within a health care organization in an effort to improve the quality of care and services offered. Propose ethical and culturally equitable ways of keeping costs under control, while maximizing the benefits of an initiative. ****** I have already written part 1 of this assessment but I need to do a Business case based on my initial paper.  The Business case is in regards to building a medical facility with a 900,000 budget.  I only need the business case analysis.  Not the entire paper written

Explain how inequality can arise in a society through exchange mechanisms that do not have a money economy. What are the principal features of exchange in such systems?

This is actually a re-write because I did not get the full information the first time. The instructions are as followed: For your term paper you will need to summarize the content of the article “Productivity Puzzle” then extten its content with your own suggestions for what the federal, state and local government as well as local businesses can do to increase worker productivity in your area. The paper should have two parts. The first part should summarize the content of the article. The summarization should include descriptions of presented measurements which relate to worker productivity, information on current trends in productivity and factors which impact productivity, and the authors proposals for what can impact worker productivity in the future. The second part of your paper should include your ideas for what can be done to increase worker productivity in your area. I suggest focusing on what the federal/state/local government could do as well what can be done by local businesses. Your submission must be a Word document or a PDF (other formats will not be accepted). Any data or other people’s ideas (other than the required article) you present must be cited.