Criminology

I In this unit we focus our attention on language and meaning, how language functions, and why it’s so difficult for many of us to use language effectively and ethically. We find the material in Lessons 8.1, 8.2, and 8.3 to be at the very heart of the following assignment, so please make sure you study the reading carefully. Your next challenge is to watch the following video. Let the message wash over you but stay attuned in particular to the suggestions of “practicing civility”. Then contemplate and respond to the following prompts: How do you “define” civility? What two specific tips does the speaker share that may help us steer clear of using uncivil language? In your perspective, what do you think we (as humans) miss out on when we are not civil with each other? Spend time with this assignment. Ultimately, you want to develop a minimum of 15 to 20 sentences response. Contemplate what you learned in this week’s reading, the video, and what you’ve discovered so far about the transcending power of communication. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAuUUnT6oDeKwE6v1NGQxug

Explain two major Supreme Court cases that impacted the legality of the application of sentencing guidelines in the United States. Discuss some of the major criticisms of sentencing guidelines on the federal level. What are  mandatory minimum sentences and what affect has it had on correctional system no sources needed

ComParrot Puzzles are original newspaper puzzles drawn by Bonnie J. Malcolm. The object of the puzzle is to spot 12 differences between the 2 pictures. These puzzles are guaranteed to challenge readers of all ages!

The paper requires a case relating to organized crime. Also, include a running heading too. *. Introduction             Briefly describe the crime to be discussed in the paper, and the significance of this             area of research (EX: why should we care about this type of crime?)   *. Presentation             Present a complete overview of the case (EX: what happened? when did it             happen? where did it happen, how did it happen? who was involved?)    *. Analysis             Discuss how the police reacted to the crime.  Do you think the reaction was valid?               Why or why not?  Discuss how the criminal court(s) reacted to the crime.  Do you think that the court response was valid?  Why or why not?  Discuss how criminal law manifested in relation to the types of crimes committed.  How and what type of punishments were distributed?  Do you think the punishment would impact future crime(s)?  Why or why not?

Answer and discuss the following: The obvious implication that arises during a trial is that, if the accused does not testify, he/she must be guilty. How is this overcome in the law and what safeguards are in place during a trial to provide an accused with the presumption of innocence? **Remember, you must post at least twice during the Lesson period (one post with original thorough/analysis yourself), and at least one post commenting on another student’s post for maximum credit. The initial post MUST be posted prior to the end of Thursday (or last Thursday of Lesson if Lesson is longer than one week). Other graded issues are: content, originality, spelling, syntax, and tone. Please refer to the syllabus for more information on “Discussion Threads.” The total discussion per student, per discussion) must total a minimum of 300 words (for all postings).

Instructions: Since 1963, a series of United States Supreme Court case decisions have clarified that in criminal cases, prosecutors must disclose to the defense evidence favorable to the defendant. This includes information that may be used to impeach the credibility of government witnesses, including law enforcement officers. These decisions mean that police officers who have documented histories of lying in official matters are liabilities to their agencies, and these histories may render them unable to testify credibly. Part 1: Please write a professional memorandum summarizing the main issues that are involved in the following United States Supreme Court cases. You must have at least 2.5 pages not including your title page. Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963) Giglio v. United States, 405 U. S. 150 (1972) United States v. Agurs, 427 U. S. 97 (1976)

Discuss the important role of accountability in any criminal justice organization. What role does management/supervision play in limiting and reducing the amount of ethical violations by their organization?      2. How might the organizational culture of criminal justice organization impede management goals to reduce misconduct?

What impact did the Crusades have on contemporary Middle East/Western relations? Include in your analysis relations between Christian and Muslims.

Answer all of the questions listed in each case study. Incorporate 2 scholarly sources in your original threads, using proper APA formatting. Submit one thread of 500 words How can communication be improved in an organization that is structured in a traditional bureaucratic form? How might computerized communication be utilized to improve the effectiveness of communication in a bureaucratic organization? How might computerized communication be ineffective?

Select a policy analysis model of your own choosing. Chapter 4 discusses analysis models; however, you will need to do a little digging and find an analysis model for this paper. Your paper must be 4 to 6 typed pages, double-spaced, using the APA writing style. The paper should demonstrate outside research and sources.  In 1959, Charles Lindblom published an article in which he attempted to explain how public policy is developed. He was responding to the prevailing theory that public policy decisions were made in a rational way, with policy makers considering all available options and then choosing the best course of action. In his article entitled “The Science of Muddling Through,” he introduced the theory of incrementalism, which states that public policy is developed through small changes to existing policies. The theory of incrementalism suggests that there is never enough time to consider all the information, that information on all possible choices is not readily available, and that it is easier to make small changes to existing policies than to create something entirely new. Often, great investments have been made in current programs, and it is extremely difficult to dislodge systems that have been in existence for a long time. Consider the attempts to downsize the U.S. Defense Department. Immediately following the fall of the Berlin Wall in the late 1980s and the “end of the Cold War,” proclamations were made about the anticipated savings from the newfound peace (often referred to as the peace dividend). Several years passed, and only small changes were made in the Defense Department. Attempting to close some military bases throughout the country caused tremendous political disagreement. The return to increased military involvement in recent years has reinforced the belief in incremental change: If the nation’s military had been dramatically downsized, it might not have been ready for the increased U.S. military involvement overseas after the 9/11 attacks. The incremental approach allows for adaptation to occur over time. The Social Security Act is another example of incrementalist policy making. It took 20 years of legislative activity before the act became law in 1935. Through incremental change, the program gradually expanded. Initially it was designed to provide income for workers after retirement and coverage for family members whose main breadwinner had died. In 1956, disability coverage was added. In 1965, health insurance was added through the Medicare program. In 1972, the Supplemental Security Income program was developed to consolidate and expand services for low-income seniors and low-income people with disabilities. In 1996, the control of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program was shifted from the federal government to the state governments, and the program was changed to the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. In 2003, the Medicare program was expanded to include prescription drug benefits. In addition to these major programs, hundreds of amendments have been passed and legislative changes made since passage of the Social Security Act more than 80 years ago.