Biology

Each question is worth 25 points 1. At the Integris hospital, a 5-year old Caucasian male child in good general health and physical condition was presented at the Saturday walk-in clinic by his mother. He was brought in because he had a fever, was cranky and had complained of a sore throat for about 24 hours. On physical examination by the attending resident, the patient had a fever of 39.3C, and he had considerable swelling and drainage of the pharynx and in the conjunctivae. His tonsils were enlarged and coated with a white patchy exudate. He had a red throat and swollen anterior cervical lymph nodes. His ears were clear. His chest sounded clear and he had no additional remarkable findings on routine examination. a) What would be your presumptive diagnosis for this child? Why? b) What diagnostic testing would be indicated to follow this exam? c) What is the most likely treatment for this illness? Why is it important? d) What factors of this case allowed you to make a presumptive diagnosis? e) Lastly, are there any preventative advice that you would give to the mother? ? 2. A 22-year old white female presents in her physician’s office with genital itching and sharp, severe pain on the labia. She complains of three previous episodes of pain over the past 6 months, each of which were followed by the appearance of red sores which crusted and healed without a scar. On examination the physician observes a cluster of small red blisters localized in the area of the worst pain. No significant discharge was observed from the vagina. The patient’s urine was clear and yellow. Urinalysis revealed normal specific gravity, no sugar, no protein, no white blood cells or red blood cells and no bacteria. The patient’s temperature was 36.5C. The patient history reveals that she is unmarried. She is moderately sexually active and currently using an oral contraceptive which she has been taking for about 4 years. The woman stated that she has had 9 sexual partners over the past year. She reported that her episodes have become progressively more severe. a) What is the cause of this woman’s complaint? b) As her physician, would you recommend that this woman modify her sexual activity? c) Is there an effective treatment for this condition? d) What serious long-term risk does this woman have? 3. A 58-year old Native American presents in the Mercy emergency room with headache, irritability, generalized muscle pain and uncontrollable back spasms. He has become very restless and worried because he has had the back spasms all through his court case that afternoon and they became extremely painful. In his history, the patient states that he has a very busy life. He is on medication for high blood pressure (beta blocker) and has mild asthma. He injured himself about 10 days earlier, puncturing his left arm with a nail from an old barn he is tearing. The wound has produced moderate quantities of pus, but he has been keeping it clean. When asked, he did not remember having a tetanus shot since he was a kid. The wound was sampled for microscopic examination and culture. The back appears to have very tight contractions and spasms. The patient is in obvious agonizing pain. a) What is your diagnosis here? b). What is the proper treatment of this problem? c). How could this have been prevented? ? 4. In your opinion, as a pathogen, why would it be advantageous for the Varicella Zoster virus (VZV) to migrate to the nervous system (Latency), and remain there until an outbreak event (signs of manifestations)

Understanding and Integration of Living Components of the Human Body. It is here where much detail is brought together with cellular structure and function, and the organization of many cells together in the body, that make up tissues. Do not merely memorize these individual vocabulary words, but rather, learn and comprehend how these cells and tissues interact and function together. Therefore ASSIGNMENT # 2 is as follows: Given what you have learned from Cell Structure and Function, and Tissue Related Concepts, how can present and ongoing climatic changes impact us, at the Cellular and Tissue level?        List two (2) precise examples including Cellular and Tissue for both. You MUST be BIOLOGICALY ACCURATE and very focused in your writing. No rambling on. Instead be brief, but succinct in your responses. It is to your advantage that you complete the readings of BOTH Chapters 3 and 4, before you approach your answer to this question.  Do not “Google” nor seek textbook answers. Verbatim responses are so obvious and result with grave consequences in allotted point value.

I need someone to check the thesis statement, the topic and concluding sentences for each paragraph, the in text citations ( be sure that they matches the information provided) and check the reference list as well. Be sure that it is in APA style and be sure that the information in the essay matches the reference list and the in text citations

Module 1 Discussion 2: Disease Analysis Journal Overview When you are faced with a medical case and do not know how to approach it or have questions, what do you do? Even experienced nurses, dentists, doctors, and pharmacists will go to their smartphones and begin searching for answers. So much information is available. How do you know what information is reliable and valid? The purpose of the journal assignment is for you to practice finding, evaluating, and summarizing resources around key concepts that are presented throughout the module, which are relevant to your specific area of interest. This journal should be valuable to you; you can collect sites, resources, and readings that you find helpful to your learning. This module will focus on the following topics that examine how our body responds, or rather adapts, to environmental toxins on a cellular level:  -Cellular adaption and neoplasia  -Infection, immunity, and inflammation -Hematological disorders You should spend approximately 10 hours on this assignment. Instructions 1. From the list of selected readings below, choose two with topics that you know the least about or are most interesting to you. 2. Then search for, read, and incorporate other readings of your choice in your area of interest that focus on cellular adaption and neoplasia; infection, immunity, and inflammation; and/or hematological disorders. You might include:  -1-2 journal articles or websites -Book chapters (past textbooks may be good options)  -Your goal is to have a total of at least 60 pages of content read.  3. Your summary of each reading should be at least one paragraph (100-200 words) and include the following information: -All references must be cited using APA Style format.  -Number of pages read -Keywords you used to find the reading  -Link to the reading -Why you selected the reading -Main point of the reading  -Describe how the health deviations you read about alter normal physiology. -Provide your key takeaway from the reading. This could be something that made you pause, changed your thinking, supported your thinking, or made you question something. 4. Build your journal in a Word document. You will build on this document in each module. (Do not start a new journal document for each module.) By the end of the course, you will have all five journal assignments in one single document. 5. Attach your Word document to a post in the Module 1 Discussion 2: Disease Analysis Journal discussion board. In your post, respond to the following questions: How do you know that the material you have found and read is reliable? How do you know that it is valid? 

The topic of research is on Elephantiasis Causative Agent: Scientific name of organism(s)? Cellular/structural characteristics: If Bacterial: Gram reaction, shape and arrangement, metabolic capabilities, etc. If Viral: Genetic molecule, enveloped/naked, size, provirus, multiplication cycle, etc. If Prion: Description, location in body, function of normal form, etc. If Eukaryotic: Kingdom, multi- or uni- cellular, life cycle, metabolic capabilities, etc. History: How long have we known about the disease? History of vaccine development/treatment? Changes in our knowledge and attitudes of this disease throughout history? Epidemiology: Prevalence and transmission of the disease: Where in the world is it prevalent? How many people currently infected? Reservoir? Mode of transmission? Rate of new infections? Rates of morbidity and mortality? Pathology: Pathogenic effects on cells, tissues, organs, and systems: What is the damage the pathogen inflicts and how is it inflicted? Mechanical damage, toxins, damage from immune response? Sequence of infection: Incubation, prodrome, illness, decline, convalescence. Signs and symptoms of infection? Response and Treatment: Activity of the immune system against the pathogen: Cell mediated, humoral, innate, acquired? Medical treatment: Diagnosis? Progression of the disease in the host with vs. without treatment? Antibiotic resistant strains? Prophylactic measures? Socio-politico-economic issues: Historic and present-day issues that impact the spread of the disease. Practices and policies that help limit the spread of the disease? Cost of treatment  of the  Elephantiasis (aka lymphatic filariasis) disease. All the instructions are in the files that I uploaded, and please follow it carefully, use  single-spaced, with 1 inch margins and 12-point, Times New Roman font.

Section1. Along with dietary assessment, history and physical examination are fundamental in the clinical assessment of nutritional status. Research, introduce and discuss a specific physical sign associated with a particular nutritional deficiency or excess. Section 2. According to Ann Coulston in her book the Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease: “Nutritional status assessment is incomplete without assessing the intake of dietary supplements … because supplements provide many essential nutrients and other bioactive substances that affect health outcomes and disease.” Discuss the considerations, tools and approaches used in the assessment of dietary supplements. Section 3.  Dietary Record Keeping, 24-Hour Dietary Recall, Food Frequency Questionnaires and Brief Dietary Assessment Instruments are some of the tools used to investigate clinical nutrition status in individuals. Discuss the pros/cons, limitations and issues associated with these or other assessment tools you’ve learned about.

Why do some people reject the notion that biological theories should not be studied? Why are they necessary to study?

To answer the following questions, you will need to search for credible sources of information, using Google Scholar or other online resources such as the  iNaturalist or the Encyclopedia of Life.  (You can find information in other ways, but these are helpful places to get started!) Make sure that you cite all sources of information in the text of your responses and include the full citations in a literature cited section. 1. What is known about the ecology of your focal species? For each point you should have an in-text citation (author, year) for the source of the information. What habitat types is this species found in? What are some of the abiotic factors that define this type of habitat?  What is its role in the ecosystem? Does it have important biotic interactions with other species? (Does it utilize another species? Does it compete with another species?)  2.What is the status of this species? For each point you should have an in-text citation (author, year) for the source of the information. What is the conservation status of this species?  What is the native range of this species? Is it native or introduced to to southern California?  If it is native to Southern California, is it a species of conservation concern? Why or why not?  If it is introduced, how/why was it introduced and what makes the species successful outside of its native habitat?  3. What is the phenology (timing of important events in the life cycle)  of your species? For each point you should have an in-text citation (author, year) for the source of the information.  What time of year does it reproduce?  Is it migratory (only present for part of the year) or is it a resident (present year-round)? How long does it live?  4. What adaptions does this species have that allow it to live and reproduce successfully in this environment? For each point you should have an in-text citation (author, year) for the source of the information. What physical or physiological characteristics does the species have that make it well adapted for its environment? 5. Literature cited, using full citations as shown on the How To Page. Each in-text citation should be included in the list of literature cited and each item in the list of literature cited should have an in-text citation. Please include AT LEAST 3 high quality sources. 

View one or more of the following YouTube TED Talks about Biotechnology Ethics: Important Note All video descriptions are derived from the owner of the related YouTube channel. It’s Time to Question Bioengineering – Paul Root Wolpe (19:42) (Links to an external site.) – Bioethicist Paul Root Wolpe describes an astonishing series of recent bioengineering experiments, from glowing dogs to mice that grow human ears. He asks: Isn’t it time to set some ground rules? GMOs: Why We Should Give Them a Second Chance | Lee Dong | TEDxYouth@BeaconStreet (8:59) (Links to an external site.) – The term GMO has been bogged down by controversy. But what actually are GMOs, and is that controversy completely justified? The Promise of Stem Cell Therapy | Neil Neimark, MD | TEDxAshland (17:35) (Links to an external site.) – Neil Neimark, MD and other doctors across the United States are part of a group that enjoys being on the cutting edge of the enormous possibilities and positive results that stem cell produces today and will continue to be a crucial part of wellness in the future. The Use of Cloning and Stem Cells to Resurrect Life (10:37) (Links to an external site.) – In this Ted Talk, Chief Scientific Officer at Advanced Cell Technology and possessor for the Institute for Regenerative Medical Wake Forest University School of Medicine discusses the cloning of cells (somatic cell nuclear transfer) and cell reprogramming (iPs). The Coming Trans-Human Era: Jason Sosa at TEDxGrandRapids (15:37) (Links to an external site.) – In this talk, IMSRV CEO and founder Jason Sosa connects the dots and takes you into the possible future of the trans-human era. He discusses the possibilities and the potential benefits. Stem Cells: The Hype and The Hope (12:57) (Links to an external site.) – Human regenerative medicine will succeed, the questions are when and how. In this talk, Dr. Srivastava’s discusses his research and hopes for human regenerative medicine. Technology Is Reinventing Humanity (11:38) (Links to an external site.) – In this talk, Jordan Nguyen explains his hopes for virtual copies of human beings. He explains research in progress and asks about the quandaries that lie ahead. Gene Editing Can Now Change an Entire Species – Forever | Jennifer Kahn (12:25) (Links to an external site.) – CRISPR gene drives allow scientists to change sequences of DNA and guarantee that the resulting edited genetic trait is inherited by future generations, opening up the possibility of altering entire species forever. More than anything, this technology has led to questions: How will this new power affect humanity? What are we going to use it to change? Are we gods now? The Ethical Dilemma of Designer Babies | Paul Knoepfler (18:19) (Links to an external site.)  – Creating genetically modified children is no longer a science fiction fantasy. In this talk, biologist Paul Knoepfler estimates that within fifteen years, scientists could use the gene editing technology CRISPR to make certain “upgrades” to human embryos. In this thought-provoking talk, Knoepfler readies us for the coming designer baby revolution and asks what the right path is for genetic modification and humans. Proceed to the “Questions to Address” section before continuing to the next page. Thoughtfully reflect on the issues discussed in the talks you have viewed. Address the following points in your discussion: What is the speaker’s point of view about the topic? Is the speaker biased? What ethical issues and ethical reasoning are argued?  Do you think that bio-engineering issues have moral and ethical implications? Why or why not? Do you agree with the speaker’s point of view? Be specific and thorough. Express how and why you agree or disagree and discuss how ethics and values contribute to your opinion. Consider the theoretical concepts discussed in the course. Do not just state your viewpoint, rather provide relevant details to support your findings and/or position. Post your initial response by the third day of the module week. Return to this discussion activity throughout the week and reply with meaningful comments to a minimum of two of your peers. In your replies, identify an opinion expressed that you disagree with or a point that you see differently. Respectfully discuss your alternate view and your reasons.

This is the current event article or new research summary.  Please choose an article or a current event  in Microbiology. Eight sentences on Who is doing the research, what the research is about, and where the research is being conducted. Provide a link to your article. sciencedaily.com has a lot of up to date articles.