Biology

There are 4 essay questions. Please be sure to complete all of them with thorough substantive responses. Citations are required for all responses.1. Provide an example of an organism within each of the four main nutritional categories of microbes and describe how each obtains its essential nutrients.2. Provide evidence in support of or refuting the following statement: Microbial life can exist in the complete absence of both sunlight or organic nutrients.3. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technology that requires high temperatures to reproduce DNA fragments. Explain why the discovery of thermophilic archaea and their associated DNA polymerases was critical to the success of this technique.4. Summarize how the electron transport chain functions to produce ATP in a bacterial cell versus eukaryotic cell. Explain whether or not the term chemiosmosis accurately illustrates this process.

Choose two of the “puzzles” that Dr. Gushee shared with us and using either his own definition (above) or principles of deontology, virtue theory, and/or utilitarianism, write a reflective response to the questions posed in Dr. Gushee’s puzzles. You may support your response with our textbook (chapters available on Canvas), the Bible, or other sources, but please cite the information you use in support of your response. Your response should be a minimum of 1 pages (no more than 3), so please be concise, but also frame a logical, coherent response. Do NOT retype the puzzles; just state the puzzle number in your opening paragraph.Several of his 17 “puzzles” are listed below and appear on pp. 33-36 of his book.1. Does the elevation of “each and every human being” to special dignity and rank require or imply a denigration of other species? How does this old-new Christian tradition of human life’s sacredness relate to the value of other forms of life? Can it be sustained alongside proper valuing of God’s creation and its other species?2. Is the focus of “the sacredness of human life” on the human individual, community or species? Or even some aspect of the individual, such as the human body, the human spirit, or even the human “personality” or human “potential”?3. What does it mean to say that the sacredness of human life applies “without exception in all circumstances”? Does this include the developing human in the womb? The embryo in the lab? The human being lingering in a persistent vegetative state?4. What does it mean to say that human beings are “incalculably” precious? Is this the same as “infinite” or “immeasurable”? Can any kind of “price” be put on a human life? Are some human lives ever “worth” more than others?5. What exactly makes human life so precious and sacred? Is it some quality, capacity, or particular set of characteristics that (most) humans have? Is it possible for a human being to lose whatever characteristics or qualities make him or her worthy of the designation “sacred”?6. Does human behavior matter at all to ascribing sacredness to someone? Can a human being behave in such as way as to forfeit his or her sacredness? Or at least forfeit the respect and protection that goes with that status, as defined here? Does the mass murderer or perpetrator of genocide still hold sacred worth?7. The definition never uses the word “person.” Can there ever be a difference between a “human being” and a “person”? What about the distinction that is sometimes drawn between “potential” and “actual” human beings and/or persons?8. Is it possible to specify minimum and maximum obligations to human beings? “Respect” sounds so minimal in comparison with “reverence.” Are some human beings worthy of respect and others of reverence? Could different obligations be related to different relationships, such as the differences between a parent-child relationship and that of two strangers on a subway?9. The definition speaks of protecting human life from “wanton destruction” but does not say “killing” or “destruction of an innocent human being.” Does belief in the sacredness of human life require rejection of any and all violence?10. These claims are grounded in divine revelation, Scripture, and Christ. But what weight can they carry for those who do not accept such authorities? Could the ethic survive if it were retrofitted back to the analytical definition and stripped of all the religious language and authority? Could secular people embrace at least the spirit of this ethic? As a matter of historical fact, have they done so? Does secularization of this ethic change it in any fundamental way?11. Christians have purportedly received this moral obligation through ancient divine revelation. How have they done with it? Have they always recognized and lived by it? What has gone right, and what has gone wrong in their effort to advance life’s sacredness? What can history tell us?

Continue with the industry you selected in Unit II for this assignment. For this Unit VII Assignment, write a script for a radio/television show as if you were interviewing an expert concerning topics discussed in this unit. Include input from both the interviewer and interviewee standpoint. What questions would you ask as the interviewer? What answers would you give to those questions as the interviewee? When writing your questions and answers, keep in mind that you have already learned a lot about your industry through earlier assignments in this course. It is suggested that you review your responses to those assignments before beginning this one. In your interview script, address the following topics:the structure of the Federal Reserve,the functions of money,six qualities of ideal money,the tools of monetary policy used by the Federal Reserve to manipulate the money supply in the United States,the current status of monetary policy regarding a contractionary or expansionary stance in the United States, andthe potential impacts on your selected industry over the next 2 years of this monetary policy stance.Your script must be a minimum of four pages (1,000 words, double-spaced). Adhere to APA Style when creating citations and references for this assignment. APA formatting, however, is not necessary.Resources

A clear regular (non-diet) soda was tested. How much reducing sugar was present in the sample? Is the reason it is sweet because it contains reducing sugars? How do you know this?4. Did the milk you tested contain protein? How do you know this? If it contained protein can you determine how much? Why or why not?5. Do you think the Sudan Dye Test is a quantitative or qualitative test? Why or why not?6. What is an indicator substance? Give an example.7. Which tests gave you a positive result when you tested your unknown? What does this tell you?

After viewing the Neurological Exam videos, answer the following.1. What levels of the Cervical spinal nerves are being tested with the Biceps reflex?2. What levels of the Lumbar spine are being tested with the Patellar reflex?3. What levels of the spinal nerves are being tested with the Achilles reflex?4. What levels of the spinal nerves are being tested with the Plantar reflex?

Answer these questions and provide resources in APA format.1. Define the term ubiquitous and explain whether this term can be used appropriately to describe bacteria and archaea.2. Based upon your knowledge of cell wall structure, explain how the microbes causing meningitis and typhoid fever can induce fever and systemic shock in an infected patient.3. Summarize the endosymbiotic theory and explain how it accounts for major structural similarities and differences between bacterial and eukaryotic cells.4. Summarize the general life cycle of a protozoan, explaining the importance of the various stages in disease transmission and species identification.

Review the American Heart Association’s home page. Research the Internet about a problem that occurs with the cardiovascular system. For your first post, write a description about the disease/disorder you chose. What are some of the symptoms? Is it treatable/curable? If so, how? Is it genetic or caused by something environmental? Why did you choose this particular problem? Does it affect a particular group of individuals more than others? Etc? Do you have any personal experience with this problem? List at least one source other than the AHA’s website.

1. Describe the circulatory system, list its main functions and describe how it is connected to other systems

Choose five (5) of the following questions to answer. Please answer each question in one or two complete sentences. Each question/answer is worth 1 point. You may answer one (1) additional question for extra credit.(A) Explain the concept of resource partitioning.(B) Some species are generalists while others are specialists. What do these terms mean?(C) What is the difference between intraspecific and interspecific competition? Include examples in your explanation.(D) What is coevolution and why does it happen?(E) Sometimes predator and prey populations oscillate/cycle in synchrony with each other. Explain why this happens.(F) Explain the concept of ecological resilience.(G) Explain the concept of climax community.

1. What is the common name and the scientific name of your species?2. What is your species’ Redlist category? (For example, endangered, critically endangered, or one of the others.)3. What kind of habitat does the species inhabit? Briefly describe the habitat/biome.a. Tell what other plants and animals live in this biome.4. What are some of the threats to the species?a. Which threats are caused by humans?5. Does human population growth adversely impact this species? In what way?6. Consider the population of your species.a. What is the estimated population of the organism and how was it measured?b. What is the population trend?7. Consider the habitat for your species.a. What might be some density dependent factors?b. What might be some density independent factors?c. Briefly list ways in which climate change might be affecting this creature’s habitat.d. List two actions people can do to preserve this species and biodiversity.8. List some things that can be done to protect this species’ habitat.9. Is your species in an extinction vortex? Explain.