ethics of sharing copyrights

the research must include :  Four elements: 1. Introduction 2. Main Body of Text (divided into sub-headings)  3. Conclusion 4. Bibliography   FOR EXAMPLE: For example: INTRODUCTION This essay will assess and critically analyse two/three principal aims and objectives before offering a definitive conclusion on the subject studied. The first aim and objective is to explore the history of media in Russia since the collapse of communism in 1986 …. (and so on). Each aim and objective should correspond to a sub-heading so the first is: Challenges of Regulating Online Journalism in Egypt … as detailed in the introduction. Subsequent aims/objectives should have corresponding sub-headings. This will provide a clear and coherent structure. It’s important that each sub-section flows from one to another, so think clearly what it is you are ‘aiming’ to do. Whilst there are no rules on how many aims and objectives can be listed, in a 1500 word essay it’s advisable to list between two or three. Listing more than three will negatively affect the content of the material resulting in less scholarly depth. TWO IMPORTANT APPROACHES Avoid just ‘telling a story’ and apply a Critical Analysis and Interpretation of Material. USE OF QUOTATIONS Avoid the ‘quote fairy’! In other words when you use quotations don’t just pop it into the text without contextualising it. Ask yourself this question: why am I using this quote? Think critically about the quote, try to LEAD into the quote and REFLECT on it after you have inserted it into the text. For example: [LEAD] One of the main exponents of nonsense and absurdity is the comic Groucho Marx who with his ludicrous moustache and large cigar never failed to make people laugh and often confuse issues. For example, consider what Marx said in relation to art: ‘Well, Art is Art, isn’t it? Still, on the other hand, water is water. And east is east and west is west and if you take cranberries and stew them like applesauce they taste much more like prunes than rhubarb does. Now you tell me what you know’ (Groucho Marx, On A Trampoline, 1912). [REFLECTION] It’s not clear what Marx is stating here but perhaps that’s the point of good old fashioned humour that incorporates the word ‘art’ in the same sentence as ‘applesauce’ and ‘prunes’! You’ll note the quote is separated and indented and this should be applied to quotes over three lines. EMPIRICAL DATA Using research data can greatly add value to an academic essay but you need to use it wisely. Too much data, i.e., too many case studies often results in a very descriptive account with little analysis. When using empirical material try to theorise, analyse and critically interpret it. CONCLUSION Far too many essays do not provide an adequate conclusion. Here you simply and briefly reflect on what you have written and perhaps offer some suggestions for further debates on the topic you have addressed for example: ‘In conclusion, this essay has critically examined the history of Russian media since the end of communism in 1986 ….’.