Data Management

Effective and Efficient Business FunctionsPrepared by Dr. Derek Sedlack, South UniversityCopyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.Learning ObjectivesManufacturing, Production, and Transportation Management SystemsSales and Marketing SystemsAccounting, Finance, and Regulatory SystemsHuman Resource Systems, Compliance, and EthicsSolving Business Challenges at All Management LevelsSolving Business Challenges at All Management LevelsMissionSet of outcomes an enterprise wants to achieve.Strategic PlanA document used to communicate the company’s goals and the actions needed to achieve them.Chapter 9Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.Solving Business Challenges at All Management LevelsChapter 9Figure 9.5 Three organizational levels, their concerns, and strategic and tactical questions, planning, and control.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.Solving Business Challenges at All Management LevelsOrder Fulfillment ProcessMoving products from customer order to the customer, including checking credit, collecting payment, picking shipping departments to pack products, printing mailing labels, preparing for shipment, and notifying departments.Standard Operating ProceduresSet of written instructions on how to preform a function or activity.Chapter 9Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.Solving Business Challenges at All Management LevelsBasic Functional Area SystemsManufacturing and production: materials purchasing, quality control, scheduling, shipping, receiving.Accounting: accounts receivable, accounts payable, general ledger, and budgeting. Accounting systems keep account balances up to date, disburse funds, and post statements.Finance: Finance: cash management, asset management, credit management, financial statement reporting to comply with federal and industry-specific regulations and government agencies.Chapter 9Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.Solving Business Challenges at All Management LevelsBasic Functional Area SystemsIT: cloud computing services, SLA management, software license management, user accounts management, information and network security.Sales and marketing: pricing, social media promotions, market research, demand forecasts, sales campaign management, order tracking, and online and mobile order processing and sales.HR: payroll, recruitment and hiring, succession planning, employee benefits, training, compensation, performance appraisal, compliance with federal and state employment regulations.Chapter 9Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.Solving Business Challenges at All Management LevelsACID TestAtomicity: If all steps in a transaction are not completed, then the entire transaction is cancelled.Consistency: Only operations that meet data validity standards are allowed.Isolation: Transactions must be isolated from each other.Durability: Backups by themselves do not provide durability.Chapter 9Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.Solving Business Challenges at All Management LevelsTransaction ProcessingTransaction processing systems monitor, collect, store, process, and distribute all financial and nonfinancial transactions.Batch: events or transactions are processed during scheduled times.Online (OLTP): events or transactions are processed as soon as they occur.Chapter 9Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.Solving Business Challenges at All Management LevelsChapter 9Figure 9.7 Information flows triggered by a transaction or event.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.Solving Business Challenges at All Management LevelsExplain the core concerns and time horizons of each level of management.Define what a standard operating procedure (SOP) is and give an example.Explain each component of the ACID test.4Explain the differences between batch and online processing.Describe the flow of information in transaction processing.Chapter 9Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.Suggested Answers:1. There are three levels of Management (Robert Anthony’s Management hierarchy): strategic, managerial (tactical, or administrative) and operational.At the strategic level, senior or top level management plan and make decisions that set or impact the long-term direction of the entire organization. They set priorities, focus energy and human and technology resources, strengthen operations, and ensure that employees and business partners work toward common goals. These decisions are visionary and future-oriented.At the managerial level, middle-level managers define business models and make tactical decisions that are shorter range. Middle-level managers design business processes, procedures, and policies to implement strategic plans.At the operational level, managers and supervisors depend on detailed data, in real time or near real time. Decision making is mostly immediate or short-term, because decisions are made to control ongoing activities and operations. Feedback and control are vital to identify deviations from goals as soon as possible in order to take corrective action.2. A SOP is a set of written instructions on how to perform a function or activity. SOPs provide the framework for complex processes to be managed more effectively