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NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper
NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Patient-Centered Health Advisory Council Iowa Department of Public Health JULY2016Population-Based Healthcare is focused on the system established to improve the health outcomes of a group of individuals, including distribution of such outcomes within the group. To move toward this type of care, new payment models are emerging that encourages the integration of community services offered outside of the traditional healthcare provider model and allows for the creation of sustainable infrastructures that will hold this expanded healthcare system accountable for both the cost and quality of care.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Healthcare in the U.S. is transitioning away from the traditional fee-for-service model, where healthcare providers are paid for each service they provide, such as an office visit, test, or procedure. New payment models are being used that are designed to reward the healthcare system for improvements in population health status. Population-Based Healthcare payment models create a reimbursement incentive for healthcare providers to think more broadly about health and to establish new partners in providing more integrated and holistic care. This shift toward increased collaboration, outcome-based payment and new benefit design is driving innovation in how healthcare is paid for and delivered. In particular, it establishes a need for healthcare systems to build mechanisms to address patient and family engagement and social determinants of health.Patient-Centered Health Advisory Council The Patient-Centered Health Advisory Council serves as a key resource for feedback and recommendations to IDPH, the legislature, and other stakeholders on issues related to implementation of health transformation initiatives in Iowa. Additionally, the Patient-Centered Health Advisory Council:?encourages partnerships and synergy between community healthcare partners in Iowa who are working on new system-level models to provide better healthcare at lower costs by focusing on shifting from volume to value based healthcare. ?convenes stakeholders and leaders from all sectors of the healthcare system in Iowa to build relationships, and streamline efforts. ?educates the public and stakeholders on emerging healthcare transformation initiatives.Visit the Councils website here: http://idph.iowa.gov/ohct/advisory-councilThis Issue Brief was developed by the Patient-Centered Health Advisory Council as an educational tool for the public and stakeholders as an emerging healthcare transformation topic.Population-Based Healthcare NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Permalink: https://nursingpaperessays.com/ nurs-4010-family e-research-paper / ? Why Shift to Population-Based Healthcare? The current U.S. healthcare system was designed to manage illness and disease -not to necessarily promote health and prevent disease. It is widely acknowledged that the current system is overwhelmed by fragmentation, inefficiencies, wide variation in both quality and cost, and primary focus on the treatment of illness rather than population health improvement and management. Additionally, U.S. health expenditures are high, going up, and unsustainable. View this short video explaining in simple terms what value-based payment is and why the U.S. is shifting to this payment model.The Next Step: Population-Based Healthcare on a Community Level The movement towards value-based care could potentially have an unintended consequence and discourage providers from caring for sicker patients who may have multiple social needs. Providers could be held accountable for the health impacts caused by these social needs even though they have limited ability to control them. New innovative payment models are taking population-based care to the next level and creating the infrastructure for integration of community-level population health.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper A providers target population is no longer being limited to their individual patients but now extends to their larger community and the collective health of that community. This transformation recognizes that most individuals will only be as healthy as the community in which they live. The CDC published a report called Towards Sustainable Improvements in Population Health that gives an overview of community integration structures and emerging innovations in financing. The report can be accessed here: http://www.cdc.gov/policy/docs/financepaper.pdfAs the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) continues to move towards the Triple Aim, new innovative payment models must shift the emphasis of health from the provider office level to a healthcare system that addresses other influences on health for a larger community. The Triple Aim includes improving the patient experience, improving the health of populations, and reducing the cost of healthcare. Community health is a major field of study within the medical and clinical sciences which focuses on the maintenance, protection, and improvement of the health status of population groups and communities. It is a distinct field of study that may be taught within a separate school of [public health] or [environmental health]. The WHO defines community health as:NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper environmental, social, and economic resources to sustain emotional and physical well being among people in ways that advance their aspirations and satisfy their needs in their unique environment. [1] Community health tends to focus on a defined geographical community. The health characteristics of a community are often examined using geographic information system (GIS) software and public health data sets. Some projects, such as Info Share or GEO PROJ combine GIS with existing data sets, allowing the general public to examine the characteristics of any given community in participating countries. Medical interventions that occur in communities can be classified as three categories: primary healthcare, secondary healthcare, and tertiary healthcare. Each category focuses on a different level and approach towards the community or population group. In the United States, community health is rooted within primary healthcare achievements. [2] Primary healthcare programs aim to reduce risk factors and increase health promotion and prevention. Secondary healthcare is related to hospital care where acute care is administered in a hospital department setting. Tertiary healthcare refers to highly specialized care usually involving disease or disability management. The success of community health program mes relies upon the transfer of information from health professionals to the general public using one-to-one or one to many communication (mass communication). The latest shift is towards health marketing. As family physicians, our satisfaction at the end of a day comes from knowing that our patients received quality care. Often, a few encounters will remind us that we truly make a difference in their lives: the adult with severe dyspepsia who is now stable after successful dieresis, the child with asthma who has remained symptom-free for a year, the smoker who finally succeeded in quitting after years of your urging. Our primary motivation for choosing this profession was our desire to be effective healers for all people who call us their personal physicians.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Yet how do we know were extracting and applying the best medical knowledge and skills from the ever-expanding universe of medical literature? As important, how do we know were providing quality care to every one of our patients when we examine or talk with only a small fraction of them each day? Family medicine educators might re frame these questions this way: How do we use evidence-based guidelines to practice population-based health care? Others might simply ask, How do we provide the best care for all our patients? These questions may seem easy to answer. Some family physicians who have had stable patient panels for more than a decade tell me they know everyone with diabetes or asthma, everyone who smokes and others at risk and that they just know these patients are receiving the best care possible.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Yet many family physicians in todays rapidly changing health care environment find they need to develop a more methodical and proactive approach to caring for their patient populations a systems approach to primary care. A systems approach involves collecting data to help you identify and monitor those who need care; finding and implementing the latest care guidelines; and involving your office staff, nurses, other physicians and other caregivers in evaluating and improving your performance. In helping us serve all our patients more effectively, a systems approach to primary care also helps us show the quality of our care to those who demand evidence. We family physicians increasingly are being asked by patients, fellow physicians, health plans and regulatory bodies to demonstrate objectively that our care really does make a difference and that our effectiveness extends to the entire population we care for, regardless of whether weve actually seen those patients recently.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper This article describes a four-step systems approach that optimizes primary care for our patients with certain conditions: Choose common conditions that lend themselves to a systems approach to care, Identify the patients in your practice with those conditions, Choose measurable outcomes that reflect the best evidence-based medical practice, Regularly measure and try to improve these outcomes. These four steps employ the principles of continuous quality improvement that is, the notion that we can improve our care if we carefully choose and continuously monitor the outcomes we want to achieve and continuously explore ways to improve our system of care. The extent to which a particular practice can implement this approach depends on many factors, such as your location (rural or urban); setting (solo, small group, multi specialty group or integrated health system); available resources (such as your computer system); and the availability of support services (such as home-health nurses, case managers and nurse telephone services) from your group, your health system or a particular health plan. The group practice with a large, relatively stable panel of capita ted patients is ideal for the systems approach, although many other practices can approximate it to good effect.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper How the work required to implement this model is paid for will also depend on your situation. If youre in a heavily capita ted practice and you share risk for downstream utilization, proactive population-health programs are in your economic interest because they help keep patients from needing the services for which youre reimbursed only on a per-member-per-month (PMPM) basis. Even better, some capitation plans reimburse separately (beyond the PMPM payment) for services such as immunizations and visits by home-health nurses services that can be important parts of the systems approach. Even under discounted fee for service, you can recoup some of the costs of population health care by using codes that accurately reflect the services you and your staff provide. For example, you can bill for preventive medicine counseling using codes 99401-99404, immunizations using codes 90700-90749 and home visits using codes 99341-99350 (although not all insurers will cover these visits when theyre provided by nurses rather than physicians). Also, be sure your coding reflects the true complexity of your visits with these patients when they do come to the office (of course, youll need thorough documentation in this era of heightened scrutiny for health care fraud). NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Other components of population- health programs, such as enhanced computer systems or staff time involved in identifying eligible patients and reviewing their charts, may not be reimbursable.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper In the end, your population-health program may depend largely on the resources you can devote to it, your own initiative and your commitment to doing whats best for your patients. Remember that you can implement this approach in stages. The keys are to be proactive, creative and realistic about what you can accomplish. 1. Choose the right condition Choosing the right clinical condition is critical to the success of population-based care. Before applying this approach to any group of patients, ask yourself whether the condition meets the following criteria: The condition is commonly encountered in primary care; The cost and human burden of the condition is significant; Evidence exists of wide variations in care or outcomes (or such variations are likely); Evidence exists that best practices lead to predictable, improved outcomes;NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Appropriate evidence-based practice guidelines are available; Family physicians can provide most of the care the condition demands; Patient education and support can help improve outcomes; Best practices and outcomes are measurable, reliable and relevant. Based on these selection criteria, you can identify a special subset of acute and chronic conditions, as well as important preventive services, that lend themselves to a population-based approach. Here are some examples: Acute conditions such as headache, low-back pain, otitis media, urinary tract infection and myocardial infarction; Chronic diseases such as congestive heart failure (CHF), asthma, diabetes and hypertension; Preventive services such as immunizations, Pap smears and mammograms;NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Preventive counseling in areas such as diet, exercise, smoking cessation and cessation of the use of alcohol and other drugs. 2. Identify patients with the condition Once you choose a condition or a preventive service, you must develop a system to identify the patients in your practice who have the condition or need the preventive service. First, clearly define a target population according to variables such as age, gender and specific medical data. For example, if your focus is immunizations, the target populations may be your two-year-old patients, your patients over age 65 or your pregnant patients. If your focus is a chronic disease, the target population might be all patients with the signs and symptoms of the disease or just those who have been hospitalized with that diagnosis. How you define your target population will clearly affect the size of the population and the scope of your project. Then define the condition clinically in a way that will identify the patient population accurately and make the identification process feasible. The capabilities of your computer system may largely determine what you can accomplish. For example, if you use a computerized patient record (CPR) system, it may be as simple as pushing a few buttons to identify all patients with asthma, all patients with CHF who have a recent ejection fraction of less than 40 percent, or all adults over age 65 and all other patients with medical conditions that require annual influenza vaccinations.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Without a CPR system, you will be more limited in the patient populations you can identify accurately and feasibly. For example, if you use your computer system only for patient demographics and billing, you could identify patients over 65 but perhaps not those who should be vaccinated because of their medical conditions. This illustrates why many see CPRs as the phone and fax of the 21st century tools family physicians wont be able to practice without. Even without a CPR system, you can create a system to identify most of your patients with the condition you select. For example, you could ask your patients to fill out a simple survey added to your patient intake form or have your staff review your charts and apply colored dots to indicate certain diagnoses or conditions (e.g., red dots for all current smokers, green dots for all children who need to be immunized or heart stickers for all patients with CHF). To limit the number of chart reviews, you may be able to use your billing system to identify patients with certain conditions by searching for ICD-9 or CPT codes.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Ideally, you would review your entire patient population, but your computer system, staff time and expertise may limit whats feasible. If you can identify 50 or more patients who have a target condition and for whom your care may vary from the best practice, you probably have a large enough group to make population-based care worth your effort. The key point here, and the essence of continuous quality improvement, is that you need to start somewhere and can always improve. 3. Choose outcomes linked to guidelines Once you identify a condition or preventive service and a target population, choose measurable outcomes that result from following high-quality, evidence-based care guidelines. The outcomes you choose will be the bases for evaluating the success of your program. What outcomes are reasonable to measure depends on many variables, including the condition you target, the capabilities of your computer system and the amount of effort you can expend. For example, although you can measure your effectiveness in managing hypertension by tracking admission rates for hypertensive emergencies, stroke and myocardial infarction, this may require a complex methodology and a sophisticated information system. But other outcomes related to hypertension such as the percentage of hypertensive patients who have normal blood pressure readings or the percentage of hypertensive patients who dont use tobacco are easier to measure. Your nurse could maintain a simple computer spreadsheet or a handwritten log to track such variables as name, date of visit, blood pressure reading, whether the patient smokes and date of next visit.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Whatever outcomes you select must be linked to evidence-based care guidelines, since the guidelines justify the effort. For example, the percentage of patients who have controlled hypertension and who dont smoke is an appropriate outcome to measure because consensus guidelines exist for managing hypertension, and clinical studies demonstrate that controlling hypertension and eliminating smoking reduces morbidity and mortality from hypertensive emergencies, stroke and myocardial infarction. Clinical guidelines for a variety of conditions have been published (see Sources of clinical guidelines). They can help you avoid reinventing the wheel for your own practice. Sources of clinical guidelines The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) is perhaps the most important resource for clinical guidelines. The agency supports research to improve health care quality, reduce its cost and broaden access to essential services.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Seventeen AHCPR-supported, evidence-based guidelines are available online at http://www.ahcpr.gov/clinic. (You can also contact the AHCPR publications department at 800-358-9295.) These include guidelines for managing acute pain, urinary incontinence, cataracts, depression in primary care, sickle-cell disease in infants, early HIV infection, benign prostatic hyperplasia, cancer pain, unstable angina, heart failure, otitis media in children, acute low-back problems and pressure ulcers. Other guidelines cover stroke rehabilitation, cardiac rehabilitation, prevention of pressure ulcers and mammography. In 1996, AHCPR announced it would stop developing practice guidelines and instead support guideline development by other groups. In that role, AHCPR is collaborating with the AMA and the American Association of Health Plans to develop the Internet-based National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC), which will offer online access to guidelines developed by a variety of public and private organizations. In April, the agency formally invited health care organizations to submit guidelines for inclusion in the NGC. The clearinghouse is expected to be up and running this fall, and its web address will be http://www.guideline.gov.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Also available from the AHCPR web site is the Guide to Clinical Preventive Services published by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. The guide contains recommendations for screening services, counseling services, immunizations and chemo prophylaxis to prevent more than 80 conditions. The AAFP is another resource for guidelines. They appear frequently in American Family Physician , and you can find the Academys current guidelines on the AAFP web site (https://www.aafp.org/online/en/home/clinical/clinicalrecs/guidelines.html). Other primary care guidelines are available from the American College of Physicians (http://www.acponline.org/catalog/books) and the American Academy of Pediatrics ( http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/ ). The AMA publishes the Directory of Clinical Practice Guidelines . Updated annually, the directory lists about 1,900 guidelines published by 80 medical organizations and government agencies, but it doesnt provide the guidelines themselves. For more information, call the AMA order department at 800-621-8335. Keep in mind that simply because a guideline is published doesnt guarantee that its evidence-based. Evaluate guidelines carefully before putting them into action.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper 4. Measure and improve performance The final step in implementing population- based care is to set up a system for regularly measuring and improving your outcomes. Again, being proactive is the key. When caring for a population, you should measure outcomes for all your patients with the targeted condition, not just those who come to your office. This is largely what differentiates population-based care from traditional, individual-centered care. For example, if your target outcome is that all hypertensive patients will have blood pressure within normal limits, documented by twice-a-year readings, then you must identify those who havent been in the office for a recent blood pressure check and let them know they need to come in. Computer programs are available (to augment a CPR system) that can identify patients who meet given criteria, create letters and even place telephone calls to them, reminding them to have their blood pressure checked.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Even without a CPR system, you can implement simple office procedures to accomplish the same task. For example, your staff could review the spreadsheet or handwritten log of hypertensive patients to identify those who failed to keep appointments, those who simply have not been in to see you for some time and those with poorly controlled blood pressure. These patients would be targeted for telephone and office follow-up. In addition to monitoring all your patients with a given condition, you must ensure that those patients actually receive optimal care. Once again, this may require proactive efforts to reach patients, educate them and monitor their results. For example, suppose your chosen outcome is that no children with asthma will be seen in the emergency department or admitted. Evidence-based guidelines suggest you can accomplish this if all patients know and avoid their asthma triggers, use their inhaled medications properly, learn to measure their peak flow and have a patient-initiated treatment plan for acute exacerbations. Meeting these guidelines may require that you send a home-health nurse to do environmental assessments, teach patients to use inhalers, review patient-initiated plans for exacerbations and tell patients whom to call with after-hours questions. Finally, your staff (or volunteers from among your patients or the community, if you have access to them) may need to contact all asthma patients who miss their regular appointments or periodically call parents of children who have moderate or severe persistent asthma.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Finally, to improve your performance, its important to evaluate your care outcomes regularly and consider improvements. For example, you might schedule quarterly review meetings with your office manager and (depending on how ambitious your effort is) physician colleagues, home-health agency staff, patient or community volunteers, and others involved in your population-health initiative. You might survey your patients with the targeted condition and your staff to identify barriers to meeting your goals and determine how to overcome them. You cant fix what you dont know is broken. The systems approach in action Does a primary-care systems approach to managing patient populations really work? Lets use the four steps described earlier to review how you might implement it. Then well examine some results of a CHF program instituted to help the primary care physicians and members of Av Med Health Plan, a Florida-based, nonprofit HMO. The program is directed by primary care physicians.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Step 1: Choosing the condition . Almost 5 million Americans have CHF, and family physicians commonly treat them. CHF is the leading cause of hospitalization for people older than 65; it contributes to 250,000 deaths annually and costs $10 billion each year. The five-year mortality rate approaches 50 percent in some studies. Research has demonstrated that adopting practice guidelines for CHF leads predictably to improved outcomes, and a set of evidence-based practice guidelines (Heart Failure: Evaluation and Care of Patients With Left- Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction) is available from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR). Family physicians can provide most CHF care, and both physician and patient education can help improve outcomes. Measurable, reliable and relevant outcomes can be identified. Step 2: Identifying patients . Most patients with signs and symptoms of CHF have left-ventricular systolic dysfunction revealed by an ejection fraction on electrocardiography of less than 40 percent. For this program, the target population would be all patients who meet the clinical diagnosis of CHF (e.g., dyspepsia, poor exercise tolerance, rales, etc.) and have an ejection fraction of less than 40 percent. If you use a CPR system, you could identify these patients through a series of database queries. Alternately, your nurse or office manager could maintain logs of all patients with this diagnosis by reviewing claims records, administering a survey to all patients or reviewing charts.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Step 3: Choosing outcomes linked to guidelines . From the AHCPR guidelines for CHF, you could identify and measure a number of key outcomes, such as these: Patients receive a prescription for an angioplasty-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and adhere to their regimens, Patients record their weight daily, Patients contact the physicians office if they note weight gain of three to five pounds in a week or since the previous visit. The patients weight logs also would include their weights at the beginning of the program and when you prescribe the ACE inhibitor. You would ask patients to bring their weight diaries to office visits, and staff would record their weights at those times as well. Because non adherence is a major cause of morbidity and avoidable hospital admissions, your staff (or volunteers) might need to contact patients with more severe heart failure (e.g., those with a recent hospitalization or with dyspepsia on minimal exertion) every couple of weeks to make sure they have scales in their homes, are recording their weights daily, are taking their medications, havent gained weight and dont have worsening symptoms. For patients whose adherence is in doubt, you might need to have a home-health nurse conduct a home assessment and provide additional education and support.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Other important outcomes could include reducing hospital admission rates and maintaining or improving patients perceptions of quality of life. But measuring these outcomes requires computers, access to survey tools (such as the SF-36 Health Survey, which measures perceived quality of life) and careful attention to methodology. Step 4: Measuring and improving performance . Based on data from patient visits and proactive phone calls, your staff could track these variables related to your targeted outcomes: The number of your patients with CHF, The date of their last office visits, The number and percentage of those who keep a daily weight diary, The number and percentage of those who take their ACE inhibitors, The number and percentage of those who gain more than three to five pounds and those who call the office if they do, The number of hospitalizations for CHF among these patients. For those who are readmitted, you would try to find out why. Were they taking their medications? Were they keeping daily weight diaries? Did they remember to call the office when they gained weight? Had they visited the office recently? Did your staff call them to check on their clinical status? Answers to these questions could suggest strategies for managing CHF more effectively.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Results of a systems approach Our health plan implemented a program, called Healthy Hearts, following the model outlined above. After receiving approval from 225 CHF patients and their primary care physicians, Av Meds nurse case managers and home-health nurses conducted home assessments, patient education and telephone follow-up. We found that when the patients entered the program, more than half didnt even own scales, much less check their weight daily. So Av Med purchased scales for these patients. (Yes, this is clearly an advantage of working in a fully capita ted environment; the scales were necessary for effective care, and we were fairly sure they would pay for themselves in reduced health care costs.)NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Here are the clinical results of the program after only six months (comparisons are with data collected before the program began): The percentage of patients taking ACE inhibitors increased from 60 percent to more than 70 percent; readmission for CHF decreased by 40 percent; and admissions for non-VHF causes (such as pneumonia and myocardial infarction) decreased by almost 50 percent. Based on pre- and post enrollment surveys of quality of life, the CHF populations perceived health didnt decline during this time; in fact, a number of patients rated their own health as improved. This is an accomplishment given the worsening natural history of untreated CHF. Up to half of the patients in some studies died within five years of diagnosis.NURS 4010 Family, Community, and Population-Based Care Research Paper Of course, you dont have to take my word for it. The literature offers several examples of the benefits of a systems approach to primary care. (See Suggested reading.) Implementing a systems approach How to implement a primary care systems approach to population-based medicine depends largely on your type of practice. Some health plans, integrated delivery systems and large group practices already are providing population-based care by forming quality improvement committees to identify conditions, establish outcomes, review and approve care guideli
Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay
Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper The Occupational Safety and Health Administration or OSHA is a part of the US Department of Labor, and was started in 1970 as part of the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Its mission is to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths by issuing and enforcing rules (called standards) for workplace safety and health. Since its inception it has helped to cut the incidents of workplace fatalities by sixty percent, and occupational injury and illness rates by forty percent. This presentation will present what OSHA has accomplished in the past, present and what it hopes to accomplish in the future.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper Forty-five percent of all workplace violence incidents in the USA that result in lost workdays occur in the health care sector. Among attendants, orderlies, and nursing aides in 2011, the incidence rate of injuries requiring days off work was 486 cases per 10,000 employees, over four times higher than the national average for all workers Permalink: https://nursingpaperessays.com/ workforce-injuri re-essay-paper / Even though health care workplaces are more dangerous than anywhere else, OSHA (the Occupational Safety and Health Administration) carries out relatively few inspections of health care facilities. The authors added that even when it does find safety problems, there is often not much OSHA can do because of an absence of much needed safety standards.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper Co-author, Keith Wrightson, a worker safety and health advocate for Public Citizen, said OSHA is required by law to ensure safe conditions for every employee in the United States. The record is clear that the government has broken its promise to health care workers. More musculoskeletal injuries are suffered by orderlies, attendants, nurses and nursing aides than workers in any other industry . Back injuries in the health care industry are estimated to cost over $7 billion every year. Some industries with very low injury rates are exempt from these recordkeeping requirements. Rights of Employee Workers Compensation An Important Right When a worker is injured, becomes ill or is killed as a result of work, that person is eligible for Workers Compensation benefits. The system of Workers Compensation was established in the early part of the 20th century. It was a compromise. Workers were guaranteed some compensation and coverage of medical costs if they were injured on the job, regardless of whom was at fault. In return, workers gave up their right to sue their employer for a work-related injury. Workers Compensation became the exclusive remedy the only method for workers or their families to be compensated for the workers lost ability to work .Regardless of the size of the enterprise, or how they chose to measure it, the safety of each and every employee is crucial to your organizations success.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper Ensuring the health and safety of employees is of primary importance to the Organization. Organization is committed to maintaining safe facilities, sponsoring appropriate training programs, and providing necessary safety equipment. In addition, Administration and staff shall cooperatively develop appropriate procedures and regulations for ensuring employees health and safety, with special emphasis on the handling of potentially hazardous equipment or substances and for investigating and reporting any accidents and mishaps. All newly employed staff shall be required to comply with the physical examination. Every employee must provide annually, at a minimum, an updated health history of current health problems. accidents and mishaps are unforeseen circumstances that can affect individuals and groups at any time and in any place. Most accidents are preventable, but the carelessness or negligence of the involved individuals leads to major injuries and grievances. Accidents can also occur in the workplace and seriously affect the ability and health of the involved workers.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper The objectives of this essay to discuss the safety and wellbeing of all workers are necessary for the organization not only for consistent productivity but also due to regulatory requirements. Workers and human resources are the necessary components of all organizations due to their role in the effective accomplishment of objectives. Corporations cannot achieve long-term success and sustainable growth in the absence of motivated, safe, healthy, and effective workers. The health and safety of all workers are necessary to ensure the enhancement of productivity and efficiency at all levels and areas. Lack of safety measures can create havoc for the organization and negatively affect the working criterion of an organization. The management has to devise and implement effective safety procedures to reduce hazards and prevent accidents in the workplace. The can motivate the employees through this perspective as employees admire working in organizations that prefer safe working conditions. Employees believe that safer working conditions enhance their ability work because they do not feel scared in troublesome situations. The management should coordinate with all the related stakeholders when they devise policies about safety at workplace, as this would enhance a positive change in an organization. Different legislations also depict that organizations should focus on these perspectives and they should attain self-sufficiency in providing workplace safety.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper Corporations in the current era focus on the development of employees and they believed in the ideology of benefiting employees through different approaches. Safety at the work force is an important aspect that many organizations of todays world disregard. Many people face mishaps and accidents in various situations especially due to negligence, recklessness, and carelessness. Many accidents and serious injuries are avoidable and preventable by taking effective safety measures and reducing hazards. For example, drivers and passengers can avoid serious injuries and death by wearing seatbelts while traveling in cars. However, many people fail to realize the importance of seatbelts and face a variety of consequences in the event of an accident. Mishaps and accidents are unforeseen occurrences that can lead to several adverse consequences in the absence of effective safety measures and precautions. Accidents, disasters, and mishaps can also occur in the workplace and affect several employees in the absence of precautions and safety procedures. Certain mediocre organizations do not regard this aspect as important and they do not focus on safety at the workplace. The owners and management of the organization need to implement rules, regulations, procedures, and systems relevant to safety and health. The management also needs to ensure that all workers have ample knowledge and information regarding safety procedures, prevention of accidents, and safe working practices.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper Human resources Human resources are one of the most important assets of the organization with respect to success and growth. The success and growth of the organization depend on the effectiveness and efficiency of the human resources. However, the inefficiencies in human resources caused by any circumstances, occurrences, and events can hinder the accomplishments of the organization. Organizations take all necessary measures to ensure the productivity of all workers and employees to maximize profits and achieve organizational objectives (Blair, 2013). The wellbeing, safety, and health of all employees are among the highest priorities of all organizations. Organizations cannot take risk for their respective employees because an occurrence of a negative event would tarnish the credibility of an organization. Safe and healthy workers are more productive as compared to injured or sick employees. Employees that cannot work in safe conditions feel suffocated because of the risks associated with their respective work. Risks and hazards associated with a specific job or organization adversely affect the morale and motivation level of employees. The unsafe or hazardous working conditions have several long-term psychological and physiological consequences for the workers and the organizations. When a negative event occurs in an organization, it sets up the mindset of an employee. Employees would feel that this event would occur again and this would create hurdles in their effective working process. Organizations need to create a safe and healthy working environment for all workers to ensure high levels of motivation and enhancement in efficiency (Stricoff & Groover, 2012).Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper Safety at Workplace Workplace safety refers to the prevention of illness, injury, and hazards in the workplace for all employees. Workplace safety involves the creation of a safe and healthy environment for all workers to evade hazards, injuries, and illnesses. Organizations can ensure the efficiency of all workers and circumvent a considerable amount of costs by ensuring workplace safety and health. Organizations develop different strategies through which they set up different work place safety policies and benefit the workers through this. Workplace injuries and illnesses lead to compensation benefits, health insurance costs, hiring temporary replacements, lost work hours, and lawsuits. Lack of concentration would cost severe damage to an organization and they should sort such issues in order to attain proactive benefits. Business can save a considerable amount of costs by creating and maintaining a safe and healthy environment for all workers. Safeguarding the interests and wellbeing of the employees allows organizations to circumvent costs relevant to injuries and illnesses (Legg, Laird, Olsen, & Hasle, 2014). On the other hand, workplace safety instills a sense of commitment and dedication among the employees due to the safety assurance of the organization. The morale and motivation of the workers increase due to the implementation of rules that safeguard the health and interest of the employees. Employees feel that they are safe to work in this place, and through this perspective, they would perform well.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper Purpose of Workplace safety The primary objective of safety in the workplace is to create a safe, healthy, and risk-free environment for all workers. Workplace safety involves the evaluation, analysis, prevention, and elimination of hazardous and dangerous elements from the workplace. Workplace safety programs evaluate and remove the risks and hazards relevant to the safety, well-being, and health of workers and other relevant individuals. Organizations develop health and safety standards due to several reasons including laws, regulatory requirements, organizational policies, and historical occurrences. Certain industries and their associations bind organizations to work for the benefit of their employees and they force organizations to focus on different safety related perspectives. Workplace injuries and illnesses caused by working conditions or environment can lead to lawsuits, high costs, and deterioration of the corporate image. There are instances when employees at times die because of sever working conditions. Employees might got injured because of certain safety and the lack of safety would be the only probable reason of this. Enhanced safety measures and appropriate quality of these measures can reduce this perspective to a considerable level.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper Safety at the workplace enables organizations to comply with regulatory requirements and prevent high costs resulting from injuries and illnesses. Several corporations can consider the fact that these safety measures would save their health and medicinal costs that would arise when an employees would hurt him. They should take proactive measures earlier through which people can benefit from these perspectives. The management can maintain high levels of productivity and efficiency by creating a safe and healthy working environment. Conversely, the employees work with dedication due to their perceptions regarding the commitment of the organization with respect to the wellbeing of the workers.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper Importance of safety at workplace Legislative and legal requirements are the most prominent cause of health and safety policies in most organizations. The Occupational and Safety Health Act is the primary law for the assurance of health and safety of all workers throughout the United States. The Occupational and Safety Health Act (OSHA) necessitates the dissemination of standards, rules, and regulations relevant to the safety and health of workers. The government establishes and enforces the standards for the safety and health of all workers and their families through the Act. All public and private organizations have to comply with the rules, regulations, and standards prescribed in OSHA (Jung & Makowsky, 2014). They would face legal complications if they do not comply with such policies and measures taken by the decision makers. However, many organizations develop and implement health and safety procedures to safeguard their interests relevant to organizational objectives rather than legal requirements. The financial and moral aspects of workers health and safety have a greater influence as compared to regulatory compliance. Corporations can save considerable costs by avoiding high insurance expenses, lawsuits, and employee replacement costs in the event of injuries and illnesses (Barling & Frone, 2003).Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper Manpower and Management The primary objective of all managers is to enhance and promote productivity and efficiency in all areas and functions. However, the managers cannot uphold efficiency and effectiveness in the absence of a safe workplace. The managers need to create a safe working environment and increase the awareness and knowledge of all employees with respect to safe working practices. The employees and workers also need to understand the importance of workplace safety and reduce personal injury through attentiveness and removal of hazards. These safety hazards are negative for the effectiveness of organizations and create a long-term negative impact. The attitude of the employees, management, and employers plays a vital role in preventing accidents and creating a safe working environment. The negligence on the part of the employers and employees can cause a variety of hazards and accidents (Rahim, Ng, Biggs, & Boots, 2014). However, the diligence and commitment of all stakeholders regarding safe work practices leads to the prevention of major accidents and injuries. The employees and management can create a safe workplace through a shared responsibility model for workplace safety and cooperation. Organizations should own this perspective and they should realize the fact that it is their managerial responsibility to focus on this perspective so that employees can remain safe.OH&S legislation is the result of the vested interests of doctors and lawyers rather than genuine concern for employee health or management excellence. Do you agree with this statement? Discuss. As an Occupational Health and Safety Special we evaluate, and analyze work environments and design programs and procedures to control, eliminate, and prevent disease or injury caused by chemical, physical, and biological agents or ergonomic factors. We conduct inspections as well as enforce adherence to law and regulations governing the health and safety of the individuals. May be employed in the public or private sector. While on the job occupational health and safety specialist can.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper o Order suspension of activities that pose threats to workers health or safety. o Investigate accidents to identify causes or to determine how such accidents might be prevented in the future. o Recommend measures to help protect workers from potentially hazardous work methods, process, or materials. Educational requirements including any relevant certification or credentials o To be an occupational safety and health specialist a bachelors degree or masters degree is usually needed. There are also 55 certification listed according to (careeronestop). Certified industrial hygienist certified governmental safety officers, certified safety manager, certified safety and health manager to name a few. Employees in these careers need several years of work related experience and training. Both on the job and classroom training may be needed. Personality traits and skills sets required for you profession. Explain how the traits you learned about yourself from the personality profile in the Unit 3 Learning activity line up with your field and areas you may need to work on.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper There are various problems related to the implementation of policies and procedures related to the health and safety measures of at organizational setting. The major dilemma could be related to communicate all the plans and procedures within the organization at various hierarchical levels. However most of the people remain familiar with these aspects but still there could be proper requirement of following these health and safety policies. Sometime the situation arises that some people within the staff behaves in very careless manner and it just creates troubles with respect to ensuring the safety. Further the lack of training towards operating the machineries and equipments could also be a dilemma in relation to implementing the systems and policies for health and safety and security. It is one of the most troubling issues for the health and social care setting. The training is one of the major sections of ensuring the patients security. Other dilemmas could be related to sensitivity related to spreading of bacteria and virus or harmful germs. Thus these are certain dilemmas that could be faced by health and social care sector. With respect to addressing these issues there is requirement of aligning with the legal aspects within the organization. The internal legal aspects should be compatible as per the external legal aspects. It can provide highly security and safe environment. All the departments and staff people were required to behave in attentive manner and the element of carelessness could be avoided. Thus the role of legal aspects is very immense in ensuring the avoidance of dilemmas. Further the role of training is also huge in order to ensure the effectiveness of security measures. The dilemma related to the lack of training could be eradicated very easily (Verderber, 2010). The training could be imparted in various areas or fields. It is to ensure that training should have proper modules and sessions must be categorised in such a way that it caters all the areas. The seminars and conferences can definitely help in eliminating the dilemmas in appropriate manner. The training could be beneficial in providing the practical knowledge to the employees and most importantly the equipment handling process could be explained. Thus in this way these dilemmas could be addressed or removed in effective manner.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper 2.4 Effects of non-compliance experience in relation to health and safety legislation in the workplace. There are various factors associated to the non compliance of health and safety regulations in the workplace. If the legislations are not clear than lots of problems and issues could be faced. The major negative consequences could be that the roles and responsibilities of care workers could be explained in proper way. It is one of the major problems related to non compliance. The care workers wont be able to understand various aspects which are helpful on the ground of their rights as well. The delay in tasks completion could be faced and most importantly the delay in decision making could be experienced. The integration among the staff people could lower down and it can create lots of negative aspects. The chaos could be created and definitely confusion can make the scenario worst. The teamwork could be hampered and differences among the staff people could be realized. It is to acknowledge that it might be noticed that peace and harmony among the staff people has been minimized and the level of grudges is also very high. It lowers down the productivity as well and the working efficiency could be diminished. Irresponsible attitude could be developed among them. it is one of the major issues related to the non compliance experience. Thus the legislation must be implemented and followed in an appropriate manner. Ahead problems could be faced in achieving the organizational goals and objectives (Ludhra, 2014). The reputation of the firm could also be spoiled at very large scale if the legislation practices are not so appropriate. People can never put their faith and it just minimizes the footfalls ratio of patients.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper This essay has been submitted to us by a student in order to help you with your studies. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. On the basis of above study it can be concluded that the marketing has power to establish the business and it integrates with other department as well. In order to improve the position of company within the market the marketing mix elements must be used in effective and proper manner. the major learning of the study is that marketing mix elements could be designed in proper manner if the marketing audit has been done in an appropriate way. It includes both internal and external environment assessment. For the travel and tourism company they need to focus on variety of segments even they are focusing on particular tourism activity. However it is very risky for any business but uniqueness could be supported through marketing strategies. Overall it could be stated that all the marketing strategies are inter linked to each another and must be designed in well organized as well as well systematic manner. Further the study has contributed well in developing the intellect towards the difference between Business 2 business marketing and business to consumer marketing along with international and domestic marketing. It is very crucial as well as significant learning of the study.Risk and challenges are important to children, avoiding these would result in a very timid child/ adult who would lack in everyday skills and abilities and wouldnt be aware of risks and dangers. Children need to explore and take risks to learn and develop the UN Convention on the rights of children stresses on their right of making choices and taking decisions. But they do not always have the skills and judgments to make safe choices. This is where the adults working with children have to strike a balance between the childs right of freedom to make choices and our duty of care to ensure children in our care dont get harmed or injured . For example: A special needs child having physical disability might be restricted in play because of concern that the child could hurt himself whereas the child really wishes to take part in play however in a well controlled environment the child could be encouraged to explore and try out new skills under adult supervision. In my nursery we allow children free flowing take over, respecting their choices and decisions ,allowing them to pick any activity and toy they want to play with yet keeping an eye on them that they take turns, share and do not do anything that could harm themselves and other children. It applies to our out door activities as well we ensure they are appropriately dressed for the weather, they are freely allowed to play with sand, climbing the frame, ride on the bike and cars etc yet on these events the staff is evenly split for childrens safety and care Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper Health and Safety job roles and responsibilities Employer responsibilities include informing the health and safety representative or joint health and safety committee of any work-related accidents involving injury, death or occupational illness, and providing the health and safety representative or joint health and safety committee with the results of any reports relating to health and safety in the workplace. Director It is the role of the director to run the business, to interact with the business community and in essence, to seek to make a profit, which is then either reinvested into the business. The law imposes a number of different duties on directors. These are contained in a mixture of common law duties that have evolved over many years of case law e.g. not to prefer the directors own interests over those of the company and shareholders as well as now a number of statutory duties that have been codified in the Companies Act 2006. Directors of all types of organisations in both the private and public sectors, have responsibilities for ensuring that health and safety risks arising from their organisations activities are properly managed.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper Effective directors input of health and safety risks will help: * maximise the well-being and productivity of all people working for an organisation * stop people getting injured, ill or killed through work activities * Improve the organisations reputation in the eyes of customers, competitors, suppliers, other stakeholders and the wider community. Management As an employer you must comply with certain legal responsibilities. Strong and active health and safety leadership is important for three main reasons: * protecting the health and safety of employees or members of the public who may be affected by your business activities * identifying health and safety as a key business risk * complying with health and safety legislation duties Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper The results of risk assessment are very much positive in informing the people towards the care of people and patients. The risk assessment help in making the familiarity with possible risks available into the health and social care settings and most importantly its reflections could be experienced upon decision making process as well. If the risk assessment is not so proper then the policies related to health and safety could never be implemented or designed in proper way. The systems and procedures could also become lead towards the familiar as the business entity is actually not familiar to their real problem and issues. The risk assessment process has main advantage related to the fact that it enables an organization to identify the problems and issues which they are facing currently. The weak aspects and errors in the health and safety measures could also come into notification. The risk assessment process also provides the facility to compare the actual standards with the current standard and through comparative analysis the improvements could be introduced. The planning process could be improved as it enables an organization to get hold on their review and monitoring process as well. The major contribution is that the areas of concern and possible risks could be assessed in painstaking manner and huge level of security measures could comes into existence. The guidelines could also be identified in an appropriate and effective manner by the company. With the help of those guidelines the equipments and machineries could be installed accurately. The international standards could be followed as risk assessment process indicates towards following all the internationally set benchmarks. The changes into the existing policies could also be facilitated if the existing policies are not compatible to set guidelines. The decision could be effective and result oriented and most importantly could benefit all the people associated to the health and social care organization. The safety of people could be ensured through risk assessment but it should be done in honest and effective way, it is the only requirement of getting the right results from risk assessment process (Boden, Hall, Levenstein & Punnett, 1984). Thus in this the planning could be improved at very large scale through these risk assessment practices and every kind of health care unit could undertake this process and avail the positive consequences.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper Numerous initiatives launched by international, governmental and non-governmental organizations are making the concept of human security recognizable and are entrenching it firmly into public policies. These policies shape society and lives in order to achieve the highest possible level of safety, security and personal dignity. Human security is increasingly being adopted as a doctrine to guide foreign policies and international development assistance, as well as a policy tool for planning in the fields of security, development and humanitarian work.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper To define human security policies, we could use two terms policy and politics . The term policy would refer to decision making activities in the public sphere which are important to the community. Using the term politics, would limit the interpretation to advocating the interests of a community. It is important to note the key differences between traditional security policy and human security policy. Human security approaches and policies focus on the physical and material safety and dignity of people globally , and not on the military and strategic interests of individual states , which is the case with traditional security policies. Defending human life is more important than defending states and personal integrity is just as important as territorial integrity.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper Wars between states are still a major global problem, and together with civil wars (intra-state conflicts), pose major threats to human security around the globe. Use of threat and force has not been reduced in international policies as the war in Syria shows. Additionally, human security is also increasingly threatened by disasters, state collapse and widespread human right abuses. As human life and its protection is always the highest priority for people, human security policies place an emphasis on addressing a wide range of threats, on prevention, and lived experiences and a bottom-up approach rather than a focus on territory and elite agendas as in classic security. From the perspective of human security peace always comes before war , incentive for cooperation before armed conflict, and transparency and factual reporting on military operations should replace secrecy and propaganda when providing information.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper Human security policies involve a much wider spectrum of actors who need to contribute to security . While military and police forces are the principal guarantee of security in the traditional approach, for human security policies, civil society is an important actor as well. Civil society, among other things, plays a part in arms control and may help bring about disarmament, as seen in disarmament programs goods for weapons in Central America, Eastern Europe and Africa, under the auspices of local non-governmental groups. Civil society plays a key role in promoting compliance with national laws, and in verification of international treaties (this is the case, for example, with conventions on the prohibition of the use of landmines), in generating information and a bottom up perspective and in improving the legitimacy and sustainability of policy responses.Workforce Injuries In Healthcare Essay Paper The importance of human security policies is also reflected in seeking to bring together security and development . The development of a community plays an important role in supporting disarmament, removing incentives for violence and criminalised economy, and when striving for security of a community, development is considered at the same time, as a way of ensuring peace. Conflict can be seen as development in reverse. Threats to human security are interconnected and often produce a domino effect. For example, violent conflicts often arise out of margi
NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper
NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Improving Population Health by Working with Communities: The Action Guide is a framework to help multi-sector groups work together to improve population health by addressing 10 interrelated elements for success and using the related resources as needed. Like a how-to manual, the Action Guide is organized by these 10 elements and contains definitions, recommendations, practical examples, and a range of resources to help communities achieve their shared goals and make lasting improvements in population health. It is intentionally brief and written in plain language to be as accessible as possible for all types of stakeholders at the local, state, regional, and national levels to take action.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Permalink: https://nursingpaperessays.com/ nurs-6050-policy assignment-paper / The 10 Elements include: Collaborative Self-Assessment Leadership Across the Region and Within Organizations Audience-Specific Strategic Communication A Community Health Needs Assessment and Asset Mapping Process An Organizational Planning and Priority-Setting Process An Agreed-Upon, Prioritized Set of Health Improvement Activities Selection and Use of Measures and Performance Targets Joint Reporting on Progress Toward Achieving Intended Results Indications of Salability A Plan for Sustainability Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Developing a Health Advocacy Campaign: Legal and Ethical Consideration NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper The military saying that when one person serves, the whole family serve is correct. Although the service member is the one, who serves and deploys the family is affected by the frequent change in the structure. According to Levy (1984), a book titled Families under the flag written by Edna J. Hunter reviews the issues, conflicts, family roles and stress of the military family. During those times when the book was written, there were not enough organizations and programs to assist the military families. Things have changed since then; programs for the military have included the family and the government has acknowledged their importance in the retention and readiness of the service member. The purpose of this assignment are: to develop a health advocacy campaign for the military family that focused on mental health issue, an effective health advocacy program, a proposal to change the current policy to improve the military familys situation, a development of an advocacy program, the impact of existing laws and regulations to advocacy efforts, the analysis of methods that can be used to influence legislators, how to overcome obstacles in legislative process, ethical dilemmas that might come up and resolution, the ethical law and reporting requirement, and the evaluation of special ethical challenges.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper An Inter professional Team-Based Health Advocacy Summit In a complex health care environment, nursing and health care professional graduates should be able to understand and collaboratively advocate for health policy benefiting patients, families, and communities. This study explored the effectiveness of inter professional team-based learning to improve political astuteness in undergraduate health profession students. This engaging method may prove to enhance health care professionals likelihood of understanding, involvement, and influencing health policy in the future. It is critical that nursing and health care professionals are prepared to collaboratively advocate for health policy. Known as political astuteness , Primomo 1 defined this as an awareness and understanding of legislative and policy processes and political skills. 1 (p260) To quantify graduate students policy prowess, she used an adapted Clarks 2 Political Astuteness Inventory (PAI) assessment tool in a health policy course, 1 as well as among RNs and undergraduate nursing students attending a state legislative day. 3 Both studies found significant improvement in political astuteness scores after events focused on health policy education and advocacy. Similar results were attained among 300 baccalaureate nursing students after a student-centered experiential health policy initiative. 4 NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Although traditional education models favor individual learning, a pedagogy that emphasizes engagement within small teams of students to solve conceptual courserelated problems is team-based learning (TBL). 5 Using the measure of political astuteness , this study explored the effectiveness of inter professional TBL to address a cutting edge health policy crisis in Virginia, the Medicaid expansion gap . Evidence suggests a disparity between health care providers attitudes and experiences regarding health policy advocacy . Physicians perceptions of the importance of their role in political advocacy indicate that although 91.6% specified that this was an important aspect of their profession only approximately 25% were politically active. 6 Similarly shocking is a study of health educators policy activities, which found that most reported participating in an average of 4 to 5 different activities and/or initiatives per career. 7 Among nutritionists, only 7% report being highly active in the policy-making process, whereas 44% admit no involvement. 8 Surprisingly, 31% of health commissioners stated involvement in public policy advocacy, with only 15% indicating significant knowledge of how to make or change health policy. 9 Barriers to participation were similar in all studies, including time constraints and frustration with the political process, whereas shared benefits included addressing health issues and improving population health.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Nurses also exhibit lackluster enthusiasm and poor understanding regarding the political health policymaking process. 10 A study of 347 RNs indicated that although 73.5% had participated in up to 2 health policyrelated activities 26.5 % reported no participation at all. 11 More importantly, 68.8% reported receiving no health policy education in the duration of their nursing studies; of those who did have leisureliness health policy education, 66.7% rated it as poor, 11 highlighting a serious need for a clear emphasis on the health policymaking process.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper From an ethical perspective, nurses and other health care professionals are positioned to advocate for social justice and equality-based health policy. 12 In many cases, a discipline-specific code of ethics exists, requiring health policy advocacy 13 with a professional orientation toward a socially responsible health policy system. 14 For example, because socioeconomic factors adversely affect the health of people in poverty in particular, 14 the National Association of Social Workers advocates for access to comprehensive health care and health services that include appropriate mental, physical, dental, and behavioral health across the life-span 15 through the psychological approach that social workers use. 16 With the growing prominence of social determinants as the major contributors to population health, 17 an inter professional understanding and approach to policy education are vital.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper To ensure political astuteness and engagement, the American Association of Colleges of Nursings Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice and Masters Education in Nursing specifically name health policy education as an expected student outcome. 18,19 Other drivers include the emphasis of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA, or more commonly, ACA) on inter professional patient-centered care, population-focused health, and the need to move health care activities into communities. 20 Similarly, a broadening view of the socioeconomic and structural contributions to health set the political context for inter professional health policy education, using policy as a tool to improve population health. 14 For nursing in particular, impetus for health policy education includes specific recommendations from the Institute of Medicines (IOMs) Future of Nursing report 21 to lead change for better population health.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Nurses are teaming with other professions to improve population health, because an inter professional approach to coalition building and community organizing leads to political influence affecting health policy change. Eatons 22 example involved coalition building related to nursing education funding and emphasized the power of inter professional stakeholder involvement in the policy-making process. In this case, Virginia nurses, along with the Medical Society of Virginia, the Virginia Hospital and Healthcare Association, and Virginias Chapter of American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), collaborated to successfully influence the enactment of legislation increasing funding support for nursing faculty salaries and nursing education.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Little is known, however, about the most effective means to teach and learn health policy in an inter professional environment. 21 Traditional and distance learning health policy courses and curricula have been designed and implemented at both the graduate and undergraduate levels 1,23 to address health policy, process, and advocacy alongside policy theory. However, although several IOM reports explicitly promote inter professional health policy education, these courses are generally homogeneous in nature.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Yet to prepare all health care professionals for collaborative practice, health care quality improvement, and the betterment of population health in the United States, 21,24,25 the need for practice-based inter professional education is evident. Nursing researchers and faculty have commonly used a service-learning approach. For example, OBrien-Larivee 26 implemented a community participation project that is inherently, although not explicitly, inter professional by incorporating community members and agencies in the baccalaureate nursing students education. Frequently, these students engaged in policy assessment and development projects that are integrated into community health nursing clinical practical by placing health policy content in the larger perspective of public health, creating a comprehensive approach to population health. 26-29NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper As an innovative inter professional education pedagogy, TBL enhances student and group understanding while promoting team growth, 24,30 requiring 3 key strategies. First, groups must be managed by the diversity of their individual backgrounds. Secondly, students must be accountable to themselves, the instructor, and their group. This is accomplished through individual and group readiness testing on preparatory material for the particular group assignment or problem. Lastly, students receive feedback throughout the TBL activity from both peers and their instructor(s). All individuals and groups should attempt the same problem, with the actual assignment design being case- or problem-based, requiring course concepts to resolve it, and should therefore elicit simultaneous reporting from all groups. 30NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper This study originated from 2 catalysts. The first was a concerned group of faculty at a large northwestern Virginia university. The second included a request to faculty from Virginia legislators after the enactment of the ACA led to a polarizing nationalized political controversy because lawmakers of The Commonwealth of Virginia declared the Medicaid expansion initiative as unconstitutional. With the state refusing to accept it, 400 000 Virginians became uninsured. 31 During a health policy summit (HPS), students registered in health policy courses developed innovation al projects to address the gap in health insurance coverage for those individuals who do not qualify for Medicaid nor for the Health Insurance Marketplace.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Population health, a field which focuses on the improvement of the health outcomes for a group of individuals, has been described as consisting of three components: health outcomes, patterns of health determinants, and policies and interventions. [1] Policies and Interventions define the methods in which health outcomes and patterns of health determinants are implemented. Policies which are helpful improve the conditions under which people live. [2] Interventions encourage healthy behaviors for individuals or populations through program elements or strategies designed to produce behavior changes or improve health status. [3]NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Policies and interventions are needed due to the inequalities among-st populations and the inconsistent way care is administered. Policies can include necessary community and personal social and health services [2] as well as taxes on alcohol and soft drinks and implement smoking cessation policies. Interventions can include therapeutic or preventative health care and may also include actions taken by the individual or by someone on behalf of the individual. The application of population health is determined by the policies and interventions which can be implemented within an organization, city, state or country.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Referring to population health rather than the more traditional phrase public health also helps avoid any perception that this is only the responsibility of public health professionals. Population health is about creating a collective sense of responsibility across many organizations and individuals, in addition to public health specialists.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Confusingly, the phrase population health management is also widely used, with a specific meaning that is narrower in focus than population health. Population health management refers to ways of bringing together health-related data to identify a specific population that health services may then prioritize. For example, data may be used to identify groups of people who are frequent users of accident and emergency departments. This way of using data is also sometimes called population segmentation. Throughout all these changes in vocabulary, one element has consistently been essential: an emphasis on reducing inequalities in health, as well as improving health overall. This continues to be important in population health.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper There are several definitions of population health in use. The Kings Fund defines it as: An approach aimed at improving the health of an entire population. It is about improving the physical and mental health outcomes and well being of people within and across a defined local, regional or national population, while reducing health inequalities. It includes action to reduce the occurrence of ill health, action to deliver appropriate health and care services and action on the wider determinants of health. It requires working with communities and partner agencies.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper What is involved in improving population health? Our health is shaped by a range of factors, as set out in Figure 1. It is hard to be precise about how much each of these factors contributes to our health, but the evidence is convincing that the wider determinants of health in the outer ring have the most impact, followed by our lifestyles and health behaviors, and then the health and care system. There is also now greater recognition of the importance of the communities we live and work in, and the social networks we belong to.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Figure 1 What affects our health? The Kings Fund definition of population health leads to a focus on actions in four broad areas, illustrated in Figure 2. These are the four pillars of population health. Figure 2 Four pillars of population health Improving population health requires action on all four of the pillars and, crucially, the interfaces and overlaps between them. Understanding the interfaces and overlaps between the pillars is essential. For example, housing is well-known to have a powerful impact on health. Healthy New Towns are an example of how an understanding of the overlap between housing, lifestyles and behaviors can lead to housing developments that are designed to encourage physical activity, healthy eating and social interaction. Similarly, sugary drinks have been associated with childhood obesity. Understanding how lifestyle choices in this case, the choice of drinks overlap with wider determinants of health in this case, the affordability of less sugary drinks helped the government design a soft drinks industry levy (often referred to as a sugar tax) which has led to a reduction in the sugar content of many soft drinks.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper The Kings Fund describes this way of thinking about population health as a population health system in which the four pillars are inter-connected and action is coordinated across them rather than within each in isolation. This is illustrated in Figure 3. Figure 3 A population health system How should progress be made on population health? The first step is to recognize that improving population health is an urgent priority. Over the last 100 years we have grown used to people living for longer and longer, but in recent years life expectancy has stopped increasing in England and in some areas has been reducing. Health inequalities are widening and England lags behind comparable nations of many key measures of health outcomes. Demand on NHS services has been increasing, but much of that extra demand is for treatment of conditions which are preventable. At heart, the NHS remains a treatment service for people when they become ill.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Importantly, action needs to be taken at three levels: national eg, government, arms length bodies, membership organizations regional eg, devolution areas, sustainability and transformation partnerships, integrated care systems local eg, individual cities, towns and neighborhoods. What needs to happen at the national level to improve population health? In addition to The Kings Funds A vision for population health , national bodies in England have started to signal a will to prioritize population health. Notably:NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper the Department of Health and Social Care has issued a new strategy Prevention is better than cure which identifies population health as a priority. It includes a commitment for a Green Paper (consultation document) on the specific steps which the government will take to translate that priority into action. NHS England has been increasingly vocal in its aim of reducing health inequalities, and has identified prevention as one of the key themes in the long-term plan for the NHS. The plan includes a welcome emphasis on population health which will be a key focus for integrated care systems as they are rolled out across the country. National leadership for population health is essential but it needs to be coordinated across government. There are different options for how to do so. The last Labor governments policies set targets for reducing health inequalities which went across government, with accountability through a cabinet sub-committee. The Welsh government has set statutory targets for improving population health, which go beyond the health sector and include requirements for translating them to the local level and for monitoring. The same legislation also set a requirement for health impact assessment of all policies.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper At the moment, efforts to improve population health lack a common set of high-level goals and robust accountability for improvement. Although progress is being made in many local areas, responsibility for this is fragmented and unclear, rather than joined up as a concerted, nationwide approach. Improving accountability for contributing to national, high level goals is a priority. The Kings Fund has highlighted the potentially important role that Public Health England could have in monitoring and reporting on progress across the health and care system and beyond, if its role were more than only advisory. At present, funding is skewed towards health services providing treatment, such as hospitals. There is good evidence that investment in prevention is cost-effective, but the benefits of that investment may not be realized until several years later and, in the meantime, hospitals need the funding now in order to meet peoples immediate needs. Breaking out of this cycle is fundamental to making progress. One of the challenges for national leaders is to lead a debate about how best to re-balance spending across the four pillars of population health.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Policies and Programs As the model shows, policies and programs play an important role in health improvement through their influence on health factors as well as health outcomes. The finite and generally scarce nature of available resources for population health improvement creates an imperative for focusing on those policies and programs that have been shown to be most effective. However, because tight resources also limit the quantity and quality of evidence on any given policy or program, it can be very challenging for those working to improve health to determine the best course of action. Fortunately, a growing number of online resources help point to recommended policies and programs. NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Policies can be implemented at many different levels, from an individual school or worksite to municipalities, regions, states, and even the national level. Examples of effective health policies include smoking bans, excise taxes on cigarettes and alcohol, seat belt laws, water fluoridation, and restaurant menu labeling. There is an increasing call for a health in all policies approach among population health academic and practice leaders. Emerging in response to a growing understanding and recognition of the many different factors that influence health, health in all policies underscores the need for policymakers in various sectors such as education, housing, transportation, agriculture, development, environment, and others to carefully examine the health implications of the policies they put into place. NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Programs aimed at population health improvement are extremely diverse and address the full range of health determinants/factors. They not only encompass efforts to improve access to health care and individual behavior but also work to create healthy options and opportunities in the environments where people live, learn, work, and play. The determinants of health Introduction Many factors combine together to affect the health of individuals and communities. Whether people are healthy or not, is determined by their circumstances and environment. To a large extent, factors such as where we live, the state of our environment, genetics, our income and education level, and our relationships with friends and family all have considerable impacts on health, whereas the more commonly considered factors such as access and use of health care services often have less of an impact.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper The determinants of health include: the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the persons individual characteristics and behaviors. The context of peoples lives determine their health, and so blaming individuals for having poor health or crediting them for good health is inappropriate. Individuals are unlikely to be able to directly control many of the determinants of health. These determinantsor things that make people healthy or notinclude the above factors, and many others: Income and social status higher income and social status are linked to better health. The greater the gap between the richest and poorest people, the greater the differences in health. Education low education levels are linked with poor health, more stress and lower self-confidence. Physical environment safe water and clean air, healthy workplaces, safe houses, communities and roads all contribute to good health. Employment and working conditions people in employment are healthier, particularly those who have more control over their working conditions Social support networks greater support from families, friends and communities is linked to better health. Culture customs and traditions, and the beliefs of the family and community all affect health.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Genetics inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan, healthiness and the likelihood of developing certain illnesses. Personal behavior and coping skills balanced eating, keeping active, smoking, drinking, and how we deal with lifes stresses and challenges all affect health. Health services access and use of services that prevent and treat disease influences health Gender Men and women suffer from different types of diseases at different ages. Foundational Principles of Population Health Policy In 2016, Keyes and Galea issued 9 foundational principles of population health science and invited further deliberations by specialists to advance the field. This article presents 7 foundational principles of population health policy whose intersection with health care, public health, preventive medicine, and now population health, presents unique challenges. These principles are in response to a number of overarching questions that have arisen in over a decade of the authors collective practice in the public and private sectors, and having taught policy within programs of medicine, law, nursing, and public health at the graduate and executive levels. The principles address an audience of practitioners and policy makers, mindful of the pressing health care challenges of our time, including: rising health-related expenditures, an aging population, workforce shortages, health disparities, and a backdrop of inequities rooted in social determinants that have not been adequately translated into formal policies or practices among the key stakeholders in population health.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Advocacy has often been described as a key strategy for the achievement of health promotion aims, but multiple and conflicting definitions and usages exist. The concept itself may be unnecessarily intimidating. Advocacy work can take place at the level of both cases and causes. Two main goals underpin health advocacyprotection of the vulnerable (representational advocacy) and empowerment of the disadvantaged (facilitation al advocacy). This paper attempts to integrate existing models and definitions into a conceptual framework for considering the role of advocacy in addressing health inequalities. It argues that we need to pay some attention to the diversity of values and goals of health promotion if we are to understand which models and approaches to health advocacy apply and in what context. This paper concludes that advocacy for health fulfills two functions: as a form of practice and as a useful strategy for a discipline which has to be self-promoting as well as health-promoting in order to survive in the competitive political environment of contemporary health work.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Public health advocacy is often defined as the process of gaining political commitment for a particular goal or program, and identified by some as a critical population health strategy.2,6Target audiences tend to be decision-makers, policy-makers, program managers, and more generally, those that are in a position to influence actions that affect many people simultaneously.4,7,8 Public health advocacy strategies espouse an upstream approach, recognizing that individual and personal problems are often reflective of social conditions. This approach involves situating individual health issues within the broader context of social determinants external to individuals. It also recognizes the societal breadth of many public health problems, and the logistical and resource challenges inherent in approaching these challenges at the individual level. While downstream health promotion activities (such as primary or secondary smoking prevention, community-level interventions and provider education) play an important public health role and should be continued, to some they resemble fixing with a pick and shovel what is being destroyed with a bulldozer.9Engaging in public health advocacy acknowledges the explicitly political aspects of public health, and the importance of addressing social determinants of health as a key component of a strategy for improving the health of populations.NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health Assignment Paper Put another way, public health advocacy is an important strategy for creating environments supportive of health.10 If the goal of public health is to reduce the societal burden of health problems, then effective interventions must alter the societal forces that foster these problems.11 Ignoring the social and political dimensions of health has the effect of relegating public health practice to the prevention and promotion of individual risk factors. Advocacy strategies draw from a range of tactics. These can involve creating and maintaining effective coalitions, the strategic use of news media to advance a public policy initiative and the application of information and resources to effect systemic changes that change the way people in a community live. It often involves bringing together disparate groups to work together for a common goal.13 It can also involve gathering and presenting an evidence-base for desired changes, although it is worth noting that scientific evidence alone is rarely enough to achieve desired political support for public health goals. Evidence is often a necessary but rarely sufficient factor for influencing policy processes. The Ontario Health Promotion Resource System categorizes advocacy activities as low, medium, and high profile. Low profile activities could include quiet negotiation, meetings with civil servants, sharing information, and the development of non-public briefs. Medium profile activities include on-going negotiation, development of public briefs, feeding the opposition, giving deputations at committees, participating in meetings with elected officials, forming strategic alliances with other groups, and writing letters to elected officials or newspapers. High profile activities include public criticism, public relations activities, advertising campaigns, information distribution, letter writing, and participation in demonstrations and rallies.14Within this categorization system, many act
Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper
Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper Breakdowns in communication, within teams or with patients, can occur in many ways. Common examples include outbursts of anger, misunderstandings of tone or volume of voice, cultural differences, inappropriate humor, the use of touch, and others. All of these breakdowns can result in stressful work environments, costly turnover in staff, and poor clinical outcomes. This process-driven, highly interactive, two-day course with extended follow-up is designed to remediate distressed or disruptive clinicians who employ a broad range of unproductive or challenging communication behaviors. The course aims to return clinicians to meaningful careers properly equipped with the tools they need and a Personalized Protection Plan for communicating effectively and professionally in the future.Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper Permalink: https://nursingpaperessays.com/ communication-be urse-essay-paper / ? Prior to arrival at the seminar, participants begin our course with online pre-course assignments that include a personal essay and a Communication Self-Assessment Test. Our confidential and non-judgmental small-group seminar format creates a safe environment for honest disclosure and self-assessment. Through the use of the PBI Incivility Formula ©, participants are guided by faculty to openly examine their own personal vulnerabilities, risk factors, and resistance to self-assessment. Seminar participation and final presentation of a stratified Personalized Protection Plan to the course faculty and the class are required. Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper Upon concluding the in-person course, the weekly, telephonic post-course Maintenance and Accountability Seminars (MAS) reinforce what was learned in the classroom. These sessions elevate participants accountability through revisiting their Personalized Protection Plans, and engage them in a community of peer review and support. Communication involves the exchange of messages and is a process which all individuals participate in. Whether it is through spoken word, written word, non-verbal means or even silence, messages are constantly being exchanged between individuals or groups of people (Bach & Grant 2009). All behaviour has a message and communication is a process which individuals cannot avoid being involved with (Ellis et al 1995). In nursing practice, communication is essential, and good communication skills are paramount in the development of a therapeutic nurse/patient relationship. This aim of this essay is to discuss the importance of communication in nursing, demonstrating how effective communication facilitates a therapeutic Communication involves information being sent, received and decoded between two or more people (Balzer-Riley 2008) and involves the use of a number of communication skills; which in a nursing context generally focuses on listening and giving information to patients (Weller 2002). This process of sending and receiving messages has been described as both simple and complex (Rosengren 2000 in McCabe 2006, p.4). It is a process which is continually utilised by nurses to convey and receive information from the patient, co-workers, others they come into contact with and the patients family. Models of Communication. The Linear Model is the simplest form of communication and involves messages being sent and received by two or more people (McCabe 2006). Whilst this model demonstrates how communication occurs in its simplest form, it fails to consider other factors impacting on the process. Communication in nursing practice can be complicated, involving the conveyance of large amounts of information, for example, when providing patients with information relating to their care and treatment or when offering health promotion advice. Reflection is a vital key for effective communication with patients and their families.Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper The main claim to this paper, is to prove, to have effective communication with patients and their families, firstly, one must know oneself. Communication is a two-way street Yes but for effective communication to be understood, one must acknowledge oneself first, Communication starts with ourselves. we need to address that we, too, are human beings, with our own thoughts, feelings, beliefs, attitudes, prejudices and preferences. There is an increase in the healthcare profession that we must care for ourselves before caring for others (Burnard,2001). (Older reference but very supportive towards this paper). The quality of communication is a critical factor in meeting the needs of individuals, families and communities, (Crisp & Taylor 2009). Communication is an expressions of ones thoughts To convey what one person is trying to say to another. When communicating there is a messenger and a receiver but sometimes due to the way the message is delivered there maybe misunderstandings, and confusion arises and the message Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper maybe misunderstood. Be clear and precise in what youre trying to say and why, (Crisp & Taylor 2009). Body language has a great deal to do with communication and it is believed that body language is the greatest form of all communication skills because it is hard to control and therefore, maybe even more acknowledged that the spoken word, (Crisp & Taylor 2009). From birth, body language is the basic skill and the only way a baby has to communicate, as a teenager spoken words are often mixed with bad reactions but again their body language is without doubt the best way of understanding our confused teens, Adulthood is often confronting, their peers may use prominent words, which to the receiver may be complicated, and hard to follow the meaning of. Nurses possess a tremendous amount of medical knowledge and clinical expertise. Yet their greatest challenge and perhaps most vital task is communication. Every step of the way, from patient intake to patient discharge and beyond, nurses must communicate well to provide comprehensive care. Using Gibbs: Example of reflective writing in a healthcare assignment Description In a placement during my second year when I was working on a surgical ward, I was working under the supervision of my mentor, caring for a seventy-two year old gentleman, Mr Khan (pseudonym), who had undergone abdominal surgery. I had been asked to remove his wound dressing so that the doctor could assess it on the ward round. I removed the dressing under my mentors supervision, using a non-touch procedure, and cleaned the wound, as requested by the doctor. My mentor was called to another patient at this point, so at her request I stayed with Mr Khan while we waited for the doctor to come to see him. Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper The doctor had been with another patient, examining their wound, and I noticed that she came straight to Mr Khan to examine his wound, without either washing her hands or using alcohol gel first. I also noticed that she was wearing a long-sleeved shirt, and I was concerned that the cuffs could be contaminated. I thought for a moment about what to do or say, but by the time I had summoned enough courage to say something, I thought it was too late as she was already examining Mr Khan. Feelings I was alarmed by this, as I had expected the doctor to wash her hands or use alcohol gel before examining Mr Khan. However, I felt intimidated because I felt that the doctor was more experienced than me as a second year nursing student; and I didnt want to embarrass her. Also, I didnt want to make Mr Khan concerned by confronting the doctor in front of him. Later, I spoke to my mentor about the incident. She suggested that we speak to the doctor together about it. My mentor took the doctor aside, and asked her whether she had washed her hands before examining Mr Khan. She looked quite shocked. She said that she had been very busy and hadnt thought about it. My mentor discussed the importance of hand hygiene with her, and the doctor assured her that she would wash her hands before examining every patient in the future. Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper Evaluation The incident was extremely challenging for me. I regret that I did not act to challenge the doctors practice before she examined Mr Khan. However, I am pleased that the doctor responded so positively to the feedback of my mentor, and I have observed that she has now changed her practice as a result of this incident. I too have learned from the incident, as it has taught me the importance of acting assertively with colleagues, in a sensitive manner, in order to safeguard patients well-being. Analysis The Royal College of Nursing (2005) states that hand hygiene is the single most important activity for reducing cross-infection, and points out that many health care professionals do not decontaminate their hands as often as they should. Recent guidance published by the Department of Health (2007) highlights the possibility of staff transmitting infections via uniforms, and the need to review policies on staff dress. The Nursing and Midwifery Council Code of Professional Conduct (2004, section 8) states that as a nurse you must act to identify and minimise the risk to patients and clients. As the student nurse caring for Mr Khan under my mentors supervision, this also applies to my own practice as a student nurse. Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper Looking back on this incident, I can see that I should have acted sooner, and that I should have ensured that the doctor washed her hands before examining Mr Khan. I can now see that my inaction in this incident put Mr Khans well-being at risk. After discussion with my mentor, I recognise that I need to develop the confidence to challenge the practice of colleagues, putting the well-being of clients at the forefront of my mind. I realise that I need to be supportive to colleagues, understanding the pressures that they may be under, but ensuring that their practice does not put clients at risk. Action Plan In future, I will aim to develop my assertive skills when working with colleagues, in order to ensure that the well-being of clients is maintained. In my next placement, I will make this a goal for my learning, and will discuss this with my mentor to work out strategies for how I can achieve this.Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper Communication can be approached in terms of the skills needed to get a hoped-for response. By seeing communication in terms of skills, it is easier to focus on what skills you already have and use. Once you have a reasonably clear picture about this, it is much easier to see where you might want to increase your communication strengths and decrease any weaknesses. It can be useful to try assessing what you see as someone elses communication skills before you think about your own. Author Neil Thompson (1996) has pointed out that these verbal aspects of communication can all give important clues about how people are feeling. So it is not just what people say that counts, it is how people say it, too. If someone seems to talk rather quickly, this may be because he or she is angry or worried. In contrast, if someone speaks slowly, this may be because he or she is tired. Or it may indicate a lack of confidence in what that person has to say. It is also possible to interpret why people may use a particular tone of voice. As Thompson (1996, p. 83) points out, tone of voice is an important indicator of emotional state. It gives important messages about how the person is feeling. It indicates a whole range of feelings: anger, sadness, joy Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper Similar comments may be made about pitch. Thompson suggests that: flat, unmodulated pitch can reflect a depressed mood, while high or fluctuating pitch can signal anger, fear or excitement. Thompson (1996, pp. 8384) Thompson (1996, p. 84) suggests that quiet speech can indicate a lack of confidence, fear or anxiety whereas loud speech can suggest aggression or a lack of sensitivity. Loud speech may also be used by someone who is fearful or anxious. Facial expressions, according to Thompson (1996, p. 95), are very powerful in conveying information. As far as eye contact is concerned, it is important not to have too much eye contact as this can be seen as challenging or threatening. On the other hand, too little eye contact can be interpreted as indicating that someone is not trustworthy. It is important to note that these interpretations can vary from one culture to another. Some cultures see it as being polite to avoid eye contact as much as possible.Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper Experience is sometimes regarded as the best teacher. Many things can be learned in a classroom and by formal academic study, but many cannot. Reflective practice is a form approach to learning through experience. Reflective practice is a lifelong learning process to promote continual development of the nurse. Reflective writing practice helps the nurse to gain knowledge and to challenge their own ideas and concepts. The idea of reflective practice is not only to see what happened, but to see the situation through new eyes, eyes that can help in personal growth and to develop ways to respond differently in the future. Effective reflection helps the practitioner to see the situation from an outsiders perspective, so that they can develop a better way to respond to a similar scenario in the future. Reflection is meant to achieve a change in practice, rather than simply repeating the same mistakes (Schon, 1983). Many different models exist for structuring the reflective process. Regardless of the framework used, the reflection models are meant to accomplish three things. They are supposed to promote reflecting on events, self-evaluation and analysis, and a plan to change actions in the future. This Reflective essay will utilize Driscolls The What? model as its structure (Driscoll, 1994).Having the chance to experience clinical rotations on the telemetry, medical surgical, labor and delivery and postpartum floors so far have been incredible. Although, throughout these last few months, I have certainly seen many nurses converse and behave in ways I would never imagine a registered nurse to. From these experiences I learned easier ways to quickly set up equipment, how to properly address situations when the family is present, and how to effectively communicate between doctors, physical therapists and case managers. As for the nurses who improperly cared for their patients, those nurses will be examples of who I tell myself I will never become. The top three priorities I have for myself in my nursing practice as a student and that of which I plan to carry on throughout my career are not to be the cause or route of transmission of any nosocomial infection; to take the time to listen to my patients and their families; and to never stop learning. A common barrier that I will encounter when performing all of my priorities is going to be the essence of time. As a nurse, I have to be ready for any situation to change for the good or bad at any time of the day. I have to be flexible but I also have to take the time to slow down in order to provide the safest and best quality care to my patients. Barriers that are present when trying to avoid being the route of transmission of an infectious bacterium are going from patient to patient and doing an assessment while not wearing a pair of gloves since I did not touch any body fluids or open wounds. Even though I did not come into contact with any known pathogens, It is my duty to protect my patient Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper Having the chance to experience clinical rotations on the telemetry, medical surgical, labor and delivery and postpartum floors so far have been incredible. Although, throughout these last few months, I have certainly seen many nurses converse and behave in ways I would never imagine a registered nurse to. From these experiences I learned easier ways to quickly set up equipment, how to properly address situations when the family is present, and how to effectively communicate between doctors, physical therapists and case managers. As for the nurses who improperly cared for their patients, those nurses will be examples of who I tell myself I will never become. The top three priorities I have for myself in my nursing practice as a student and that of which I plan to carry on throughout my career are not to be the cause or route of transmission of any nosocomial infection; to take the time to listen to my patients and their families; and to never stop learning. Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper A common barrier that I will encounter when performing all of my priorities is going to be the essence of time. As a nurse, I have to be ready for any situation to change for the good or bad at any time of the day. I have to be flexible but I also have to take the time to slow down in order to provide the safest and best quality care to my patients. Barriers that are present when trying to avoid being the route of transmission of an infectious bacterium are going from patient to patient and doing an assessment while not wearing a pair of gloves since I did not touch any body fluids or open wounds. Even though I did not come into contact with any known pathogens, It is my duty to protect my patient The aim of this report is to look at a critical incident that occurred in placement and relate this to the theory and knowledge regarding communication and interpersonal skills, so as to demonstrate an understanding of my views on the art and science of reflection and the issues surrounding reflective practice Reflection is part of reflective practice and a skill that is developed. It can be seen as a way of adjusting to life as a qualified healthcare professional and enhancing the development of a professional identity (Atwal & Jones, 2009). Reflection is defined as a process of reviewing an experience which involves description, analysis and evaluation to enhance learning in practice (Rolfe et al 2001). This is supported by Fleming (2006), who described it as a process of reasoned thought. It enables the practitioner to critically assess self and their approach to practice. Reflective practice is advocated in healthcare as a learning process that encourages self-evaluation with subsequent professional development planning (Zuzelo, 2010). Reflective practice has been identified as one of the key ways in which we can learn from our experiences. The incident that was chosen was so for the reasons that the situation made the student aware of inadequacies on his own part and those of the staff on the team, which made him reflect upon the situation and how this could be learned from, so as not to make the same mistake again. Before the critical incident is examined it is important to look at what a critical incident is and why it is important to nursing practice. Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper The nursing profession is one of the most challenging and rewarded careers in my opinion. Mostly in the XXI century that we are living, with the constant challenge of the healthcare system in our communities that continue to rise with a higher standards of care in all different setting in the nursing care. Everyday our patients and communities expect more from nurse as leaders in the shifting healthcare model. The recognition well deserved that we as nurses find in our patients is all because those many wonderful nurses that came before us and showed to the world how important is the job we do and how critical is taking our word in consideration when in taking care for our patients. I would like to emphasize today in a beacon of acknowledge in our profession and example of a great nurse. Dorothea Orem born in 1914, Maryland and her Theories about Self-Care in Nursing will be the center of our discussion on this article. She earned a Nursing Degree from Providence Hospital School of Nursing in Washington DC in the 1930s. Later in the early 1940s she a bachelor degree and later on a master degree both from Catholic University of America in Washington DC. The Self-Care Nursing Theory of Orems Model of Nursing was developed by her during her all career between 1959 and 2001. Its considered a grand theory meaning that covers a broad of general concepts that applied to all fields of nursing. The main idea of Orems theory is that patients want to take care of themselves and they will recover sooner and holistically better when they do their own self-care as much as they are able to do it. Assessing someones communication skills is always going to be difficult as since different interpretations are always possible. It is not always easy to decide which interpretation is true. The point is to become as aware as possible about the messages that other people are sending out so that you can improve the likelihood of reasonably successful communication. Lets see what Karen has to say about her communication skills.Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper I think I have learned how to read body language when I am speaking to peopleIm more observant. People dont always say how they are feeling, so if you can read their body language, its easier to pick up on things. I am probably more confident with my questioning. I am listening and taking in the messages I am receiving from people and also giving them a lot more opportunity to make their own choices. A 2014 research paper, Communication in Nursing Practice , found that nurses who display courtesy, kindness and security to their patients through both their actions and words are generally more successful in establishing a good rapport. The paper suggested that nurses must go beyond simply demonstrating these niceties though. They need to approach every patient-nurse interaction with the intent to understand the patients concerns and experiences as well as demonstrate that they are open to truly hearing patients input. To do so, nurses must carefully consider where and when to talk to patients. Nurses should allow sufficient time for each patient interaction. For example, patients may be hesitant, nervous, upset or otherwise incapacitated, which may extend the time needed to have a thorough discussion of the issue at hand. Patients may find a rushed conversation frustrating or even rude. It may hinder the ability of the nurse to establish open communication with the patient, thereby slowing down or negating the treatment process. Nurses must also be mindful of the location in which these interactions occur. Selecting an area that is free from distractions to the greatest extent possible may help to facilitate a more positive flow of communication. Additionally, this promotes confidentiality and protects the patients personal health information.Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper Good communication between nurses and patients is essential for the successful outcome of individualized nursing care of each patient. To achieve this, however, nurses must understand and help their patients, demonstrating courtesy, kindness and sincerity. Also they should devote time to the patient to communicate with the necessary confidentiality, and must not forget that this communication includes persons who surround the sick person, which is why the language of communication should be understood by all those involved in it. Good communication also is not only based on the physical abilities of nurses, but also on education and experience. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) has set out at least four domains of competencies for entry to the register in Adult Nursing. In this brief, I will focus on the second domain of communication and interpersonal skills. Communication plays a crucial role in addressing the needs of the patients. Adult nurses are expected to communicate effectively, listen with empathy and advocate for their patients (Department of Health, 2012a, 2012b). Specifically, the Department of Health (Commissioning Board Chief Nursing Officer and DH Chief Nursing Adviser, 2012) has introduced the 6 Cs of nursing, which encompasses compassion in nursing practice. Compassion in care is only possible when patients feel that their nurses understand their feelings and show empathy (Chambers and Ryder, 2009). Communication is essential in helping patients articulate their needs (Hall, 2005). Similarly, poor communication could result to misunderstanding, anxiety for the patients and poor quality of care (Chambers and Ryder, 2009).Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper In this brief I will focus on the domain of communication and interpersonal skills since these form the foundation of my relationships with my patients. Developing my competency in this domain would help me identify both verbal and non-verbal messages of the patients and address their needs accordingly. Meanwhile, effective communication is needed when I communicate with my colleagues and other healthcare practitioners. A focus on my communication skills with my patients will be made in this reflective brief. Communicating effectively with my patients and other health and social care professionals would help improve the care received by my patients. Benners (1984) stages of clinical competence would be used to underpin my development from novice to competent. Gibbs (1988) reflective model will be utilised to reflect on my experiences in the last three years from novice to competent.Improving my communication skills has been a work in progress starting back in the early years of my life. I have always been my own worse critic. Usually beating myself down through interpersonal communication. Now as an adult I have made great improvements but still have trouble dealing with perception and self-image. Not being raised in an environment of positive reinforcement and poor communication in the workplace I have made it a point to change that trait in my own family and professional environment. When reading the opening lecture I cringed at the thought of dealing with communication. Sort of that belly ache feeling you get when you had to do an oral presentation in front of the class in elementary school. I understand have a number of strong qualities but self-image and my perception are still traits I long to improve. My self-image is so low that I have a tremendous amount of self-pity or self-hatred. I do however want to find that happy median where Im comfortable in my own skin. Its odd how my feelings about myself change from day to day. I engage quite often in interpersonal conversation, question my motives and encouraging myself to move forward. Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper Professional Development from Novice to Competent Level Reflective practice (Gibbs, 1988) allows healthcare practitioners to improve current practice by learning from incidents and ones own experiences. Pearson et al. (2009) explains that ones own experiences are another form of evidence in healthcare. With the focus on patient-centred care, the NHS (Department of Health, 2012b) has encouraged evidence-based care when addressing the needs of the patients. I will use Gibbs (1988) model in reflecting on my communication experiences in years 1 to 3. This model starts with a description of an incident followed by analysis, evaluation, conclusion and action plan.Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper In this essay, I intend to reflect on a situation I encountered during my first community placement I had the opportunity to develop my communication skills not just theoretically but also practically, facing a real life environment. My placement made me aware of the importance of interpersonal and communication skills which are very important in the delivery of care. Throughout my nursing career, I will be encouraged to develop reflective practice skills and become a reflective practitioner. Reflection refers to a series of steps that you may take to question and explore an experience with the aim of learning from it. I will discuss the importance of communication in order to maintain a therapeutic relationship. Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper Effective communication in the healthcare setting improves recovery rates and reduces pain and complication rates. (Wilkinson et al, 2003). Many complaints to the NHS are attributed to poor communication. Effective communication is reliant on the nurse working in partnership with the patient. It is essential that the nurse establishes a rapport and most of this will be achieved through the use of facial expressions. In my practice, it is important that develop a therapeutic relationship with the patients so that they can be able to put their trust in me. The therapeutic relationship is solely to meet the needs of the patient. In this relationship, there is a rapport established from a sense of mutual understanding and trust. To build a good nurse-patient relationship, I would have to show qualities of empathy, caring, sincerity and trustworthiness. During practice, if I am approaching a patient and the patient looks anxious, I should approach with empathy.Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper Composing a reflective essay on effective communication in nursing can be difficult for some. Producing this style of paper will need the basic steps taught and some variations on the way it is written. When writing most types of papers, it is taught to come up with a thesis and explain, in the most informative and clear way, what it is. This style of paper consists of reflections made on the subject including emotions and experiences on the matter. The difference in this introduction is in your own way summarizing the conclusion. Having the room to produce your experiences without concern of facts opens the door for that all important creativity. Emotion is more crucial than facts To say no facts does not mean it is not true. Everyone sees and feels different things when looking at the same thing. The better you are at putting these things down on paper, the more interesting your work will be. Imagination and memory are two strengths that must be paid close attention to. In the world of nursing there is a lot of turmoil and confusion in a life and death situation. Sometimes the difference between saving and losing a life is a very fine line.Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper Effective communication is crucial The ability to clearly hear instructions or the patients needs can be drowned out in the confusion. Working with a regular staff can be a plus when you know the skills of the other personnel. Descriptions of the injuries are a must for not only the nurse but the doctor. The skill of recalling what you see can be very important in order to keep the patient alive. Life as a nurse Explaining how uncomfortable it was in the beginning, working with new staff and injuries, will automatically bring up memories and emotions felt by you personally. There will not be a shortage of sight, smells, and sounds that only a nurse could know and understand. Dealing with the sick and dying is working with man at its worst. Learning the skill of carrying on conversations with these types of people only makes you a stronger and better person. Explain how you felt and worked around these individuals in the beginning and how you handled same situations at this point in your career. People whose scenarios have led them to a visit to a hospital can be very weary of the kind of treatment they receive from personnel. The ability to look back and describe all of those experiences in your own way will make the interest of the reader while they are reading, but will remember those insights well after they have finished. Composing a reflective essay will help others appreciate what nurses go through.Communication Between Patients And Nurse Essay Paper An incident during my year 1 exemplifies how I developed my communication and interpersonal skills as a novice. I was assigned to the mental health ward and assisted an elderly patient with dementia who was admitted for pneumonia. During his first day in the hospital, my senior nurse performed a nutritional assessmen
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