Political science

Instructor: Dr. Jonasson Format: Take-home, open-book, online (all must do it) Time: (24 hours) – QUESTIONS WILL BE POSTED IN OWL-RESOURCES at the start of the chosen exam date (Wednesday, August 5th at 7PM) (the file will be called final exam questions) DUE DATE: Thursday, August 6th at 7PM – the typed (it must be typed) answer in Word or PDF format only must be submitted to OWL-ASSIGNMENTS – exam Study on-line notes and readings. The notes are most important. 2 (Two) Essay questions (5 essay questions will be given as choices) – each of the 2 answers are worth half of the exam mark The material covered will be all material on the course outline. Value: 40% (each question worth 20% of course grade) Sample question: (this will not be on exam) 1/ Describe the workings of the following electoral systems: runoff and proportional representation (STV). Describe the strengths and weaknesses of each system. In your view, should Canada adopt any of these electoral models? Why or why not? Answer all parts of the question. Write as much as possible without going off topic or repeating yourself. Write in proper paragraph and sentence form. No citations or bibliography are needed (do not include these). A proper structure (i.e. introduction, conclusion) is required but no formal thesis statement is needed. All questions will involve no more than 2 topic areas on the outline directly. Length: I would suggest a target of 3-5 pages double-spaced per question (6-10 in total), but answering the questions properly is more important than strict page lengths. However, please give me no more than 12 pages double-spaced. Please double-space and do not create a title page. Make sure you last name is on your e-file and your full name is on the top of the answers. Again, the answers must be typed. Grading: Expectations will have to be higher on the grading, given the format of the exam, but these will not be unrealistic (see bold notes below). Style will also be graded more carefully since you can more easily correct grammar and spelling. Questions of the instructor during the exam period: I will endeavour to answer emergency e-mail questions only during the period, but if the questions are answered by this document, I will refer you back to it. The questions cannot be about whether the responses should involve certain information or whether if information is correct etc. Use common sense here. I will not be looking over any draft work or final submissions before the due date. Do not ask questions in the last 2 hours before the due date (this gives you an incentive not to wait to the last minute to submit). Late: even one minute past the due date will require you to get AC approval to avoid a zero. I WOULD NOT WAIT UNTIL THE LAST MINUTES TO SUBMIT THIS I WOULD NOT PROCRASTINATE – in general, computer problems will not be accepted for late answers, so get things in early If you have submitted the wrong file to OWL, you can e-mail the updated one before the due date only – if after, the late situation applies. Therefore, carefully upload the correct version. Missed exam: if you have valid reasons for missing the exam in the 24 hour period (sick with a virus comes to mind but there may be other issues), please contact Academic Counselling, and we will have to arrange an online make-up at some point. You will need to go through some formal institutional process to get a make-up. The 24 hours is to help avoid a plethora of make-ups, so please do not get approval for frivolous reasons. I realize these are crazy times but I am trying to give you a decent window for completion of this exam. That you might have other exams in the 24 hour period is possible, so do not use these as an excuse to get a make-up (you do not need to –see below in bold).. NOTE: You really do not need even remotely close to 24 hours to do this well (it is just a long time frame for you to have so you can do the exam properly if you have other exams, normally require SSD accommodations etc.). For most of you, likely only several hours are required (although more than 2 is likely, maybe 2-4 hours is realistic – NOTE: all people are different here in what they might need). Some of you (often very good students) have a tendency to take the maximum time you are allotted in an exam so that you feel you are doing everything you can to get a good grade – for this exam, such thinking may be counterproductive if you overthink the material, rush to hand it in at the last minute etc. Give yourself a certain time frame in the 24 hours (again, I am suggesting something like 2-4 hours for most of you) and complete it and hand it in (and again, why not early?).

You are to write an essay (1500 – 2000 words) that does the following: 1. Explains how one interest group, citizens’ initiative, social movement, or political party in a country of your choice tried to bring about a political/policy change. 2. Explains the limits/challenges that the political system in your country of choice placed on this group, initiative, movement or party. In order to write a good essay, you will have to (1) present a well-developed case study based on the movement and country that you research and (2) apply key course concepts to help you explain your case study. moreover, please use valid sources only like google scholars or any other good encyclopedia.

Poli 359/Intl 452-Final ExamSummer 2020? Answer the following Questions? Due: Friday, August 7 by 5.00 p.m.? Spacing – 1.5? Feel free to use material from other sources—which must be cited._____________________________________________________________________________1. a) You have recently been hired by the World Bank to head a team of consultants to the newly-independent country of South Sudan, Africa. The main task of the team is to formulate politically viable strategy for the new government that incorporates all of the requirements stated in the readings covered in the course. That document of advice should also consider some of the constraints identified in the readings (3.5 pages)b) Which development theory would you suggest asa guide to the leaders of the country as they embark on growing the economy? Provide justification (1 page)Reach out to me if you have trouble submitting by Friday.Thank you, Dr. Okoth (Email: [email protected])

Instructions You are a lobbyist for an issue that you find important. For example, you would like to see the banning of smoking in federal buildings (Note: This policy has already been enacted.) You are going to make an informational pamphlet to highlight your points to prominent members of Congress. Research members of Congress that you will target in your lobbying. Explain why these members are critical to your goal. Make a plan of action and produce a pamphlet supporting your cause. Who will you be reaching out to? Why? Write a cover letter to a Congressional member and include your reasoning for reaching out to them in particular in the letter. Remember a lobbyist is only as good as the information they provide. A lobbyist who provides incomplete or unreliable information will soon be unemployed, or lose access to officials. Cover letter should: Follow a standard business format Correctly address your Congressperson Use the correct postal address Explain your choice to write to this representative in particular, and provide your pamphlet. For example, maybe your research showed that this representative sponsored legislation on this issue in the past. Pamphlet should: Define the problem. Tells us exactly what the problem is. Detail its urgency and provide data. Be objective. Analyze the problem. Provide relevant data. Tell us how to make sense of the data. Provide any findings Offer a recommendation. Do not generalize. Be specific. Must be persuasive. Cite four scholarly sources Submit your cover letter and pamphlet for grading. Writing Requirements (APA format). Length: Cover letter to Congressman should be only 1 page Pamphlet should be 5 pages in length 1-inch margins 12-point Times New Roman font Reference page (minimum of 4 scholarly sources)

The 2 main things your paper should do are the following: Have a clear thesis – I.e. what is the main claim your paper is arguing for? Provide a clear set of reasons for why the thesis is true.   If your paper does those two things it will be pretty good.  Of course you need 5 peer-reviewed sources in your argument, and it helps to respond to an objection to your thesis (I.e. identify a weakness or counter-argument, and tell me why it doesn’t defeat your argument).

Write 5 separate essays that answer the 5 questions listed below. While you are writing a separate essay for each question, you must include all 5 essays in 1 document.  Compose each essay with at least 3 paragraphs. Make sure each paragraph is in the 8–10-sentence range. (That means that each essay must contain between 24–30 sentences, with about 400–500 words.)  Additionally, you must include at least 3 references with appropriate citations, both in-text and in a list of sources cited at the end of each question. You may use the same source for all 3 references in a question, but strive for bibliographical diversity whenever possible.  Exam Questions: 1. What is Political Theory? Include an account of its subject matter, methods, and purpose. 2. What is Classical Political Theory? Give at least 2 examples of classical political theorists and describe how they do political theory. 3. What is Christian Political Theory? Give at least 2 examples Christian political theorists, one medieval and one Reformed, and describe how they do political theory. 4. What is Modern Secular Political Theory? Give at least 2 examples of Modern Secular political theorists and describe how they do political theory. 5. What is the Body Politic? Give a brief account of the Classical, Medieval and Reformed Christian, and Modern Secular Bodies Politic.

Prepare a 500-700 word APA style, including 3 sources. About MEDIA. Answering the following: 1. What are the different forms of media, which forms of media are more powerful (provide data to back up your position) 2. How has media changed over time 3. Explain the different ways the media influences public opinion. Select coverage of one event and explain hot the media influenced he public understanding of that event. Make sure to write a short abstract, introduction, clear focus, conclusion and references.

I apologize for the long description. My computer will not allow me to upload documents to the site. THIS IS A REVISING ESSAY JOB PLEASE JUST SUBSTITUE OTHER CASES OR TOPICS IN ESSAY WITH WHAT IS DESCRIBED UNDER “POFESSOR FEEDBACK NOTES” – DUE JULY 17th AT 5PM ORIGINAL ESSAY PROMPT (INSTRUCTIONS): POL 120 American Government – Summer 2019- Paper Prompt 1 1. Choose a major rights issue and discuss why it is important to be protected (1-2 paragraphs) 2. Discuss which Constitutional Amendment(s) this right is protected by (if it isn’t explicitly protected, why should it be)? (1/2pg – 1pg) 3. Does the United States’ Government adequately protect the citizens with this right (both in practice/laws, and reality/implementation)? Provide evidence of what has been, what is being done, or what should be done in the House/Senate, President/Bureaucracy and course. Defend your argument with evidence done through research. USE SUPREME COURT CASES, I like to see at least 3 major court cases (maybe more). What does the other side say about this right, how do they disagree with you? (4-5pgs) 4. Finally, do you believe that this right could be better protected in the “State of Nature” (Hobbes) or in our current version of American Government (Locke and Rousseau). Discuss all three. (1page) You will use outside sources depending on your topic, so to properly cite them in MLA style. That means an inline citation (last name of the author, pg# if applicable, date), and a works cited page (last/first name of author, date, name of article, publication, URL). ALL YOUR WORK SHOULD BE CITED, if you fail to cite something, I will consider that plagiarism. You can use the sources from Wikipedia, but do not cite Wikipedia itself (that also is plagiarism). You should also cite only legitimate sources, do not use “Alternative Facts” from non-reputable sources. When grading your papers, this is what I’m looking for: -Have you succinctly and clearly stated the main argument in the first paragraph? (Summary of what right you choose, which amendment do you think it is protected under, is the government protecting it adequately or not, and is the right protected better in a state of nature or not) -Have you proven why it is important to protect this right? (section 1) -Have you made a compelling argument for which amendment(s) the right should be associated with? (section 2). -Have you accurately described how the United States has handled the right in practice (Courts cases in our book, any legislation through Congress, Presidential actions, etc.) and in implementation (What happens in the states, local law enforcements, etc)? (section 3) -Have you touched upon the counter argument (what others who disagree with you might feel about the right?)? (section 3) -Demonstrate evidence of effective proofreading/editing? -Have you effectively used relevant sources (our book/lectures, class materials, journals, reputable news sources) and is it free from plagiarism? Have you included accurate bibliography/citation? POFESSOR FEEDBACK NOTES: Overall I thought you took this is some interesting directions, your theory and legal aspects were sound, though you took a lot of cases I would not have normally expected to see (though you hit a few good ones) and you left out the most important topic of the right to privacy, the “Patriot Act.” Here are some of the cases I really wanted to see: – RIGHT TO PRIVACY – 1st/3rd/4th/6th/9th/14th Amendments – Meyer v Nebraska – Roe v Wade – You can also include Planned Parenthood v. Casey – Stanley v Georgia – Lawrence v Texas – Mapp v ohio – Griswold v Connecticut – Gideon v. Wainwright – Weeks v. United States – Terry v. Ohio -Patriot Act: Doe v. Gonzales & ACLU v Clapper Other than that, this was a good paper A 93 MAJOR HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUE ESSAY: *Major Human Rights Issue* Privacy is an important right, fundamental to the protection, and autonomy of human dignity and serves as the basis on which several human rights rely. Privacy allows people to generate barriers and control boundaries to protect themselves from interference in their lives, which are unwarranted (Dafinova et al.). Privacy also allows people to negotiate who they are and how they prefer to associate with their world. It assists people in building boundaries to manage people with access to their lives, bodies, things, and places, including those who access people’s information and communication (Carson). Protection of privacy enables people to assert their rights in the presence of great imbalances of power. Consequently, privacy is an integral way through which people seek self and societal protection against the unjustified and arbitrary use of power. Privacy is important to human beings, and people’s everyday decisions revolve around privacy. Privacy enables people to be themselves by thinking freely without judgment and discrimination. It equips people with control over what others know about us, thus enhancing our confidence in what we do (Carson). The deliberation concerning the right to privacy in modern society is a subject concerning modern freedoms as people determine how to define and defend the boundaries around other people. The ability of a person to exercise control over their predicaments, people tend to decide on the policies defining the conduct of commerce, the modern life’s ethics, and the oversight people place upon the authority of the state. Technological discoveries have continued to endanger the right to privacy by increasing the need to protect privacy. Technology continues to expose citizens to activities, which violate the right to privacy by enabling unauthorized access to people’s private lives (Carson). Through technology, people can now identify targets individuals from a database and make choices about individuals according to mass data sets (Carson). Technology enables organizations such as the government to monitor people’s commercial transactions, conversations, travel history, among other activities. These activities can result in negative effects on people and society. The level of privacy evident in each society determines people’s perception of the association between society, individuals, markets, and the state. Therefore, the right to privacy protects citizens against the autonomy of the state and its agencies. *The Right to Privacy in the USA’s Constitution* The right to privacy is a significant component of constitutional law. However, the USA Constitution does not contain a direct expression of the right to privacy. There is the incorporation of James Madison’s views and other lawmakers concerned with the protection of specific elements of privacy, including the privacy of beliefs evident in the First Amendment of the Bill of Rights (Goldenberg). There is also the privacy of people’s homes against state move to use such homes to accommodate soldiers “the 3rd Amendment” (Goldenberg). People’s privacy and their properties against all searches that are unwarranted and unreasonable “4th Amendment” (Goldenberg). Protection against self-incrimination that gives protection over personal data “5th Amendment” (Goldenberg). Further, the 9th Amendment provides that “enumeration of certain rights in the Bill of Rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage other rights retained by the people” (Goldenberg). The 9th Amendment allows people, including the justice system, to broadly read the Bill of Rights, and to protect the right to privacy in areas unspecified, or unprovided for in the Constitutional Amendments. There is a controversial debate concerning the protection of privacy by the Constitution in manners not expressly included in the Bill of Rights. Several originalists such as the great “Judge Robert Bork” in Supreme Court confirmation cases, argued that there is no existence of general privacy rights (Chandpuri). However, the Supreme Court has continuously made decisions based on a broad interpretation of liberty as provided in the 4th Amendment to avail a broader right to privacy, which incorporates aspects of procreation, child-rearing, marriages, and medical treatment agreements. Therefore, the right to privacy is an essential human right that should have explicit protection in the USA Constitution. *Protection of Citizens with the Right to Privacy* The right to privacy was not a Constitutional law in the USA until 1961, and it did not form the grounds of any Supreme Court decision until 1965 (Chandpuri). Still, it is considered the earliest constitutional right in the country. The “right to be left alone” as coined by “Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis” (Chandpuri), marks the basis of the conscience freedom enshrined in the 1st Amendment. Further, the right to personal security as enshrined in the 4th Amendment and right to deny self-incrimination is enshrined in the 5th Amendment. Still, the term “privacy” does not appear anywhere in the USA Constitution. In contemporary society, the right to privacy is a major course of action in several civil lawsuits (Chandpuri). Consequently, contemporary tort law incorporates four non-specific groups of violation to privacy including, • Publication of information (facts), which places an individual in a false light • Unauthorized access to a person’s private space or solitude through electronic or physical means. • Unauthorized disclosure of private facts publicly • Unauthorized application of a person’s image or name for self-gain There are several laws evident in the quest for the protection of the American’s right to privacy. *The Bill of Rights, 1789* As proposed by James Madison, the Bill of Rights includes the 4th Amendment, explaining the unspecified right of individuals to persons’ privacy, and security of papers, and homes. It protects people against unwarranted seizures and searches (Klein). The Bill of Rights stresses the 9th Amendment, which allows for the protection of the right to privacy in broader aspects. However, this Amendment does not apply categorically to refer to a right to privacy. *Amendments in Post-Civil War* There was the ratification of 3 Amendments to the USA Bill of Rights in the post-civil war to ensure the protection of the rights of black Americans freed during the war. These Amendments were the 13th Amendment in 1865 that abolished slavery, and the slave trade, the 15th Amendment in 1870, which allowed black men to vote, and Section 1 of the 14th Amendment in 1868, which enlarged protection of civil rights (Klein). The Amendment protected American citizens against any law that violates immunities, or privileges availed by the United States. It also restricted any state from depriving any individual of liberty, life, or property without following the due process of law. *Poe V. Ullman Case* The “Poe V. Ullman” case took place in 1961, where the USA Supreme Court failed to overturn a ruling on Connecticut law prohibiting birth control on the argument that the complainant did not face any threat from the law, and consequently, had no grounds to sue. In the case, “Justice John Marshall II” stated the right to privacy and a new view of the right. The Justice re-affirmed the importance of due process in the right to privacy case (Klein). He said that Court’s decision on this case indicated that our Nation is founded upon postulates of protection of the liberty of people and that the case hit between liberty and the requirements of modern society. The case provided critical insight on the constitutionality of the provisions of the 4th Amendment. *Olmstead V. USA* The Supreme Court ruled in 1928 that wiretaps acquired without a legal warrant and presented as evidence in Court did not violate the provisions of the 4th and 5th Amendments. In his argument, Associate Justice Louis stated the most contemporary pronounced provision that privacy is an individual right (Klein). In the assertion, Justice Louis moved that, “conferred against the government, the right to be let alone—the most comprehensive of rights and the rightmost favored by civilized men” (Klein). The argument also acknowledges amendments in the Constitution to protect the right to privacy. *The 14th Amendment* The longstanding Connecticut ban on birth control was challenged in 1961 by the PPLC, and Yale School of Medicine by initiating a Planned Parenthood clinic. Consequently, the pioneers of this clinic were arrested, proving them “standing to sue” (Klein). Referring to the 4th Amendment’s requirement of a due process, the following 1965 Supreme Court case of “Griswold V. Connecticut” brought down all state constituted restrictions on birth control. It confirmed the right to privacy as constitutional law. Other cases are dealing with the freedom to assembly, including NAACP V. Alabama in 1958 that categorically stated that “freedom to associate and privacy in one’s associations,” through the words of Justice Douglas (Klein). The case revisited both the 3rd and 9th Amendments relating to the protection of the right to privacy. After 1965 the Supreme Court has prevalently referred to the right to privacy in cases such as abortion rights, for example, in Roe V. Wade in 1973. And in sodomy doctrines, for example, in Lawrence V. Texas in 2003. The right to privacy continues to shape the USA civil liberty jurisprudence and determines the direction the country’s human right takes. *The Case of Katz V. USA* In 1967, the Supreme Court illegalized the 1928 Supreme Court decision on Olmstead V. USA, which allowed wiretapped information acquired without a legal warrant to be administered as evidence in a court of law. This case also provided an extension of the 4th Amendment protection to every situation where an individual demonstrates reasonable expectation of privacy (Klein). *Privacy Act of 1974* In 1974 the Congress passed privacy acts as an amendment of Title 5 of the USA Code to confirm a Code of “Fair Information Practice” (Klein). The code regulates the access, maintenance, dissemination, and use of personal data stored by the federal government. The act also allows people to complete access to the personal records of an individual’s data. *Protection of Individual Finances* In 1970, the “Fair Credit Report Act” was enacted to protect people’s financial information. The act protects personal financial data gathered by the credit bureaus, and limits access to such data. The act also ensures that people have quick access to their data without any fees, which illegalizes such institutions from operating a secret database. Further, the act limits the duration through which such data remains active on the institution’s database, after which the data must be cleared for the person’s records (Klein). Later in 1999, the Financial Monetization Act was enacted to compel financial bodies to give all customers a privacy policy describing the kind of data under collection and the intended use of such data. All these measures try to enhance the protection right to privacy. *The COPPA* In 1998, Children’s Online Privacy Protection Rule was passed as a remedy to issues arising from the 1995 full commercialization of the internet in the USA (Klein). The policy protects the privacy of children below 13 years old when they access internet content. *The Freedom Act* In 2015, Congress passed the Freedom Act to bring a lasting solution to the problem concerning the mass collection of personal records of citizens, such as the collection of American phone data (Klein). Protection of the right to privacy has undergone several stages and processes, but the right to privacy still lacks a direct inclusion in the Constitution. It depends mainly on the 9th Amendment, which allows for the inclusion of other elements of privacy not enshrined in the Bill of Rights as part of the rights to privacy. In my view, the omission of the direct right to privacy in the Constitution allows for the development of this right, as evident in several Supreme Court cases, and the amendments are undertaken by Congress and all other state agencies to enable the evolution of this fundamental right. However, this critical constitution omission has led to severe negative Supreme Court decisions such as the Olmstead V. USA ruling. *Protection of the Right to Privacy in the State of Nature* A state of nature is what would exist in the absence of governments, laws, civilizations, and common power. They are two speculations of a state of nature as advocated for by Thomas Hobbes on one side, and John Locke, and Rousseau on the other side. Hobbes portrays a state of nature, which is conflictual, and turbulence (Hayhow). It is a condition under, which people are power-hungry, and constantly try to destroy one another to gain dominance. In contrast, Locke and Rousseau introduce us to the corporative state of nature, where people corporate for the common good. In Locke’s state of nature, people have all the reasons to work together as common goals define them. Based on the two states of nature, the right to privacy would work best in Locke and Rousseau’s state of nature in such a state; people are concerned about the one other’s wellbeing in the state. No one would participate intentionally in activities capable of destroying the fabric of society. In Hobe’s state of nature, privacy would serve as a weapon against one another, so people would want to gain access to others’ private information and use such information to gain an advantage over others. People would also use other people’s names and images for personal gain in Hobe’s state of nature. Therefore, the right to privacy would work best in Locke and Rousseau’s current version of the American Government. *Works Cited* Carson, Michelle. Human Rights Education in the United States: An Analysis of 50 State Social Studies Standards. The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2019. Chandpuri, J. S., and Vivek Kumar. “Right to Privacy: Ambit and Dimension–An Overview.” Tathapi, with ISSN 2320-0693, is a UGC CARE Journal 19.35 (2020): 278-291. Dafinova, Monika, Aaron K. Martin, and Linnet Taylor. “POLICE SURVEILLANCE DRONES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY.” (2019). Goldenberg, David. “The Right to Abortion: Expansion of the Right to Privacy Through the Fourteenth Amendment.” The Catholic Lawyer 19.1 (2017): 11. Hayhow, D. B., et al. “State of nature, 2016.” (2016). Klein, David, and Morgan Marietta, eds. SCOTUS 2019: Major Decisions and Developments of the US Supreme Court. Springer Nature, 2019.

This assignment will cover the readings for Module 11. For this assignment, you will need to answer the questions listed at the end. Please answer the questions in order (numbered) and in complete sentences. You do not need to write the question, but include the question number. DO NOT copy/paste part of the textbook/readings. Please answer the questions in your own words. Readings covered in this assignment: American Government (AG) Ch. 4 & 5 (link https://openstax.org/details/books/american-government-2e) Democracy for the Few (DFTF) Ch. 9 & 10 (attached on files) Questions 1.After reading the chapters, and in particular the section on obscenity (AG Section 4.2), how far should freedom of speech extend in political matters, artistic expression, or even sex/sexuality? 2.Looking at AG Section 4.4, what areas does privacy extend to? How important is it for the government to protect privacy in these areas? 3.The author in DFTF Ch. 10, pg. 134-136, discusses the USA Patriot Act and the consequences of its passing. What did the Patriot Act do, and what was one of the effects? 4.Has the Supreme Court been a protector of rights and liberties, or has it more often been an obstacle for rights and liberties? Why or why not?

Each student is required to submit a Critical Reading Review as a course requirement. These “critical reviews” should be 5-6 pages in length (12-point font double spaced). Please do not exceed the 6 page limit. You should briefly summarize the author’s arguments and then assess the reading. Like any essay, a reading review needs to have a thesis which you will argue or defend, using evidence from the text. However, the thesis of your review should not focus on whether you agree with the thesis of the author whom you are reviewing. Rather it needs to be your assessment of the text: how effective and persuasive it is, and how relevant it is to the topic. You are not required to do any outside research for the Critical Review, although you may find that it helps you to situate the work under review within a broader literature. You can also draw on course readings to help provide context or illustrate your points. However, research is not necessary to do well and should be minimized. The article you are reviewing should be at the top of the first page of the review, not in a bibliography. Citations and a bibliography are required if you use any other sources, and you must document direct quotes/ideas taken from the piece under review.