Political science

The only sources acceptable for this is the chapters/lectures posted on Canvas. You cannot consult outside sources.  Part i  Define and explain in detail. Where possible bring in examples for each terminology chosen to define. Clearly label the key term chosen to define – 5 points each a)  Democratization b)  Neighborhood effect c)  Modernization theory d)  Political identity e)  Interest Groups part ii  Define in detail in a paragraph or two (5 to 10 sentences). Where possible bring in examples for each terminology chosen to define. Clearly label the key term chosen to define – 12.5 points each a)  Constructivism b)  Samuel Huntington and Global Conflict/Clash of Civilizations Part III: Essay  Provide a thorough response to the question chosen (2 to 3 pages). Use examples and provide a thorough analysis to the answer.  a) Discuss what causes political violence. Compare and contrast civil wars to revolutions. What are the factors that cause these two forms of political violence? Consider interests, geographical factors, and state weakness in answering this question. Bonus: 5 points How do states’ governments raise capital? Bonus: 5 points Describe the difference between public and private good.

in an essay of four (4) to five (5) pages, typed in size 12 Times New Roman fonts and double-spaced, respond to the following: In your own words, describe what Rossiter meant by “the American tradition.” Be specific. Rossiter delivered this address at a time (the 1950s) when, in his estimation, “The mood of this nation, which considers itself an eminent success and finds itself in imminent danger, is deeply conservative.” Are there parallels between the national mood of the 1950s and the national mood today? In other words, is Donald Trump’s call to “Make America Great Again” a call to return to “the American tradition”? What, if any, elements of the American tradition, as it was defined by Rossiter, are evident in Donald Trump’s agenda? Be specific. Is “the American tradition” even worth returning to? Why or why not? You must cite at least (3) scholarly or primary sources to support your arguments.    Here is a link to read.  Rossiter, The Shaping of the American Tradition.pdf (https://learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com/blackboard.learn.xythos.prod/589ab7cf1b570/1351169?X-Blackboard-Expiration=1608336000000&X-Blackboard-Signature=ds9osMABrAoZEm0ElnqetBA2H67ijXK%2FGBUALVbAL%2F8%3D&X-Blackboard-Client-Id=306104&response-cache-control=private%2C%20max-age%3D21600&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Rossiter%252C%2520The%2520Shaping%2520of%2520the%2520American%2520Tradition.pdf&response-content-type=application%2Fpdf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20201218T180000Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=21600&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAYDKQORRYTKBSBE4S%2F20201218%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=ff5a0c0c6af685d763a633a2c2f5edd3f2066e0fb40e3cc902444792c32491ad)

Answer any 3, no sources required. not in essay format, answer as individual questions and list the questions before answering. 1.Why is history important to the study of contemporary world affairs? What are the limitations of history for understanding and explaining contemporary world affairs?   2. Compare and contrast the balance of power and polarity theory. Which one do you think is most useful for understanding contemporary world affairs? Why?   3. What is a Great Power? What approaches can be applied to identify a Great Power?  Why are Great Powers important in the study of contemporary world affairs.   4. What is meant by the concept of international society? How has International Society changed since the origins of the modern state system?   5. What factors led to de-colonization in wake of World War II? Identify and briefly discuss the major challenges de-colonized states have and continue to confront.   6. What is functionalism? How does it differ from neo-functionalism? What is its relationship to the concept of international regimes through a brief discussion of an international regime?   7. Despite a wide range of theoretical and empirical studies, the causes of war and conditions of peace unite them all together. Do you agree? Why or why not?   8. What is meant by interdependence? Define the concepts of sensitivity and vulnerability and illustrate with an empirical example.   9. Define deterrence. What are its primary components and purpose? Briefly identify and discuss the primary concepts of a strategic nuclear mutual deterrence relationship.   10. What are the key components of the international economic system established after World War II? How have these changed over time? Identify and briefly discuss the challenges the system faces today.

Essay #4 – Domestic Public Policy For this essay you will pick an example of a domestic policy.  This needs to be a law passed by Congress OR an executive order issued by a President since January 20, 2001.  I will not accept anything that deals with International relations or foreign policy, however anything involving immigration would be acceptable for example……I will say often the policies chosen to write about are in the areas of taxes, entitlements, healthcare, energy, environment, education, etc.   Good examples would be anything relating to healthcare, education, the environment, immigration, or energy, although technically anything involving entitlements, spending, taxes, and regulation are also acceptable. 1.  Introduce and describe when your policy was passed/issued.  Who was President, which party mainly supported it, etc.  What problem/issue was the policy meant to deal with and/or improve?  You can also mention what was going on in the economy/society that made this in your view come to the forefront of the policy agenda.   2. Describe how the policy came to be adopted.  Track the steps in the executive order, or law.  Was the policy you picked something that had never been done before, or the reform of an existing law, or an EO that had been issued in the past or an EO that was just changing how a law was being implemented…..those details help as to describing the process in how this policy came to be.  You can mention the controversy over it, how the votes for it in Congress were very split between the two parties or non-partisan, if it was originally vetoed at first by a President, anything to highlight the process (and struggle) of getting this policy adopted.   3. Find sources that give us an idea of how successful (or unsuccessful) the policy has been.  Has it been effective in solving the problem it set out to fix?  What are some major problems the policy has faced?  Has Congress (Or the White House) set out to improve the law at any point in time?  Try to show an example of how the policy is working, and another example that points out a problem. 4. What’s your opinion of the policy?  Do you think it’s been effective or not?  What would be recommendations you would have in improving the policy?  For this I’m looking for good examples based on good sources because I know that there’s always tons of material out there with ideas of how to improve laws. As always, at least 4-5 pages and 4-5 sources.

Decide and discuss whether you consider yourself as one of the following….either exclusively one or the other: structuralist or culturalist.

Your exam should include the essay for Part I and four short answer responses for Part II.  (As much as possible, answers should be written in paragraph form, but I will be understanding if you have difficulty doing so within the required time.) The exam is open book.  However, you are not to collaborate or consult with other students on your responses to any questions.   Part I: Essay Question Your response should be at least three pages typed (double-spaced, font size 12). The following is a quote by late Canadian sociologist Howard Brotz arguing that Canada’s shared bourgeois (i.e. classically liberal) culture is much more fundamental than the cultural diversity that exists here: “In fact is Canadian society characterized by diverse ways of life where people have different standards of what they admire, respect, want?  The answer to this is yes and no.  In a fundamental or radical respect I categorically deny that there is any diversity at all.  Canadians of all ethnic groups, as in the United States, stand for exactly the same thing which is a bourgeois way of life… [The] democratic bourgeois man is a person who is tolerant of all other religions which do not violate a rational civil law; who is not a fanatic because he is primarily interested in improving his standard of living for himself and his family by working in an economy which satisfies these wants; and who has the political habits and practical common sense to support the regime which makes possible this way of life.” Write an essay explaining how three (or more, if you wish) authors from our course would be likely to respond to Brotz’ quote on the basis of readings we studied in this course.  Discuss (with supporting evidence from the readings) whether each author would agree or disagree in whole or in part with Brotz’ claims, and/or how he or she might qualify or expand upon them.  You MUST include at least one author from each of the following groups, but you are free to discuss additional authors if you like. A) Henri Bourassa, Gad Horowitz B) James Tully, Will Kymlicka, C) Charles Taylor, George Grant

All questions must be answered in short essay format. Strategic advice: remember to include an introduction, body and conclusion and address all relevant parts of each question. Write in short paragraphs, I recommend one main idea per paragraph. Use an introduction to identify the key argument you will be making and concepts. Use a conclusion to summarize your main arguments and any questions that should guide further discussion. General Instructions Length and Formatting Answers to each question should be 1-2 pages in length. This total is for pages of text and does not include such elements as a title page, bibliography. Papers should be typed, double-spaced, with 1-inch margins on all sides, and use 12-point font. Failure to meet all format and length requirements will lead to a reduction in your grade. Clarity I will be grading these by looking at your answers: the clarity of your thoughts, your use of specific the text and slides to support your ideas and your ability to clearly explain how your examples relate to the question I have asked (where appropriate). However, numerous grammatical and/or proofreading errors will interfere with my ability to follow your argument and will result in a reduction of your grade, so please edit carefully. Citations and References Written assignments must conform to Chicago Manual of Style guidelines. You must answer ALL of the questions below. Question 1: Is the saying that “politicians decide and public servants do” just a heuristic (a saying or idea that allows us to see how things ideally work, even though they don’t always do so) or is it an important division of labour that we should strive as best as possible to achieve so as to ensure accountability? Why or why not? Use examples and evidence to support your answer. Question 2: Max Weber saw bureaucracy as a technically superior form of organizing. Robert Merton, on the other hand, believed that bureaucratic structures are inherently dysfunctional. Discuss how it is possible that bureaucracy is technically superior or dysfunctional or both? How do you reconcile this apparent paradox? a) Why is bureaucracy claimed to be technically superior? b) Why does Merton say bureaucracy is dysfunctional, c) Is it possible for bureaucracy to be technically superior while also dysfunctional? Make sure to provide at least one real-world or hypothetical example to support your discussion. Question 3: Ted Turner, a public servant sings a folk song that was critical of the Prime Minister Stephen Harper. Do you feel that Turner violated the Code of Ethics that mandates public servants must be impartial? What parts of the Code did Turner violate and why? Be specific and detailed in your answer. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ei50lM6ab1c

A five paragraph argumentative essay, about why the electoral college should not be relevant in today’s U.S elections. The intro should have information such as the origins of the electoral college and why it helped with the foundation of America. The two body paragraphs must have the two sources that support why the electoral college should be abolished, and must be in P.I.E format. The third body paragraph must argue why it should still be ideal, and why it should be involved within every U.S election and must so be in P.I.E format. The final concluding paragraph must mention each source, and explain why overall the electoral college should be removed.

Please review the two attachments below containing the New York City Counsel’s recent amendment to the Administrative Code of the City of New York regarding an early intervention system for police officers.  After reviewing the attachments, please answer the questions listed below the attachments.  You are required to type your answers to the questions on at least two pages double spaced.   WEEK 10 WRITING ASSIGNMENT – PAGE 1 – POLICE USE OF FORCE.pdf  WEEK 10 WRITING ASSIGNMENT – PAGE 2 – POLICE USE OF FORCE.pdf  1.  What impact in your view, will the Early Intervention System have on police officers?  Please explain your answer.  2.  Do you believe the Early Intervention System will be effective at reducing police use of force incidents?  Please explain your answer.  3.  Do you think the Early Intervention System adequately addresses police use of force issues?  Please explain your answer. 4.  Do you believe it is necessary to post instances regarding non-disciplinary corrective actions of police officers?  Please explain your answer.

Please write a 10 pages literature review on the local government debt crisis in China, describe the causes, current status, and projections of the debt problem. Keywords may include municipal governments,  local government financing vehicles (LGFVs), infrastructure construction, land finance, budget transparency, Chengtou bond, wind energy, high-speed railway.