philosophy

Over the course of the semester, we have studied, discussed, and reflected on a variety of ethical perspectives on what it means to be a good human being and live an ethical life. As Aristotle reminds us, however, knowing how to be a good person is only half the battle; we must translate what we know into action. So, for this assignment, your task is to choose one of the ethical theories we have learned about so far: utilitarianism (Ahmed Sara (2010) “utilitarianism and empire” in the promise of happiness, deontology, virtue ethics, or care ethics( held, the ethics of care) and live according to that ethic for two days. More specifically, during this two-day period, use your chosen ethical theory to guide your actions, decisions, and behaviors (within reason). After you complete this part of the assignment, write a 3 page, double-spaced reflection paper detailing your experience living like a utilitarian, deontologist, virtue ethicist, or care ethicist. In order to make your reflection paper as strong as possible, I suggest taking frequent notes during your two-day experiment to keep track of your thought process as you make decisions. Take note of how your chosen ethical approach might have led you to make different decisions than you would have originally made. Your reflection paper should clearly explain how you applied the ethical theory to your particular situation and the various considerations involved in your decision making. You might also consider questions such as: What was difficult about applying the ethical theory? What was easy about it? What did you learn about the practicality of your chosen ethical theory from this experiment? Have your views about the ethical theory changed because of the experiment?  Choose one that you want to write and i will upload resources later.

Discussion post for Phil-Critical thinking class for nursing school  This week we’re exploring causation and correlation. Why is it a fallacy to confuse causation and correlation? Provide an example of a statement that confuses causation with correlation. Cause and effect fallacies are extremely common, especially in health care. Don’t patients often have their own unscientific ideas about what is the cause of their condition and what treatments they should undertake?  Think of ways you could face this fallacy as it occurs in nursing?

You will need to articulate your philosophy of change based on the concepts covered in course discussions, assigned readings, and any other references you may find useful. How does change occur? What processes are central to the successful introduction, adoption, continuance of use, and diffusion of technological change? What are your responsibilities as a change agent? What theory or theories support your beliefs? How will your beliefs guide your behavior as you lead or encounter change in the future? Your philosophy of change paper should be a minimum of four double-spaced pages using 12 pt. font and 1” margins. All references should be listed in a reference section at the end of the paper; be sure to use APA 6th Edition formatting. The reference page does not count as part of the page length. Diffusion of Innovation 5th edition, Everett Rogers must be referenced. https://extensionaus.com.au/extension-practice/diffusion-of-innovations-theory-adoption-and-diffusion/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NugRZGDbPFU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0af00UcTO-c https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Txy6DwbwZ9g https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbnzAVRZ9Xc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6cACU74Bt4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2U-tOghblfE This is a philosophical paper and you are expected to write it that way. From the 9 chapters you have covered, articulate your philosophy of change based on the concepts covered in this course. What theories support your belief? Follow the directions on your syllabus. For example, if I believe GMO’s are essential to the health of people in the Caribbeans, how would I support that with evidence? What’s a GMO? Who’s saying its important for the people in the Caribbeans? Who are the change agents impacting this “suggestion”? This is not an “I” paper that’s not supported with evidence. Make me believe I should support you based on your evidence.

In 500-550 words, answer the following question as with as much of your voice as possible. Include in-text citations for all sources (including the text) that you use.  The goal of this essay is to analyze the difference between appearance and reality. What is real is not a straightforward and obvious thing. For instance, when we place a pencil in a glass of water, the pencil appears to bend, but we understand that to be an optical illusion. We want to explore the criteria for something to be considered real as emphasized by Plato and Aristotle. Consider Plato’s allegory of the cave. What happens in this allegory? What does Plato assume about about reality within the story? What’s real, what’s merely appearance, and why? Do you agree? If so why? If not, what’s missing in Plato’s account?

Summarize some of the philosophical ideas of Thomas Hobbes that were discussed in Chapter 9 of Tannenbaum. Explain how these ideas are shown in a piece of Hobbes’ work that Tannenbaum discusses in the chapter. Support with examples. Explain how these ideas are shown in a second piece of Hobbes’ work that Tannenbaum discusses. Support with examples.

Following the guidelines indicated above and in the writing resources attached, respond to one of the following four prompts in an argumentative paper: 1. Outline and defend one of the theories of linguistic meaning that we have examined in the course. This will include assessing at least one criticism of the theory we examined in the course and providing a response to that criticism. 2. Drawing on relevant philosophers and using your own example(s), explain the distinction between attributive and referential uses of definite descriptions, as well as the broader debate from which this distinction emerged. Outline and support a position in this debate. 3. Drawing on an original example or set of examples and the views of 2-3 philosophers we have examined in class (e.g., Davidson and Grice), outline and defend an account of how communication is cooperative. 4. Using your own example(s) of malapropisms in action and drawing on his notions of prior and passing theory, explain how and why Davidson concludes that there is no such thing as a language (as we tend to know it). Outline and defend your position on his view. OVERVIEW AND GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Please read and follow these instructions carefully. Your paper should be approximately 1500 words long. You won’t be penalized for being slightly (~100 words) under or over the word count but please do not substantially surpass this word limit. The paper is worth 30% of your final course grade. Your work will be graded on both style and content (see grading rubric for clarification). Your papers should demonstrate a strong grasp of the directly relevant material as well as some background concepts and debates, and you are expected to state and defend a clear thesis. Keep in mind that successfully defending a position requires giving strong reasons for holding that position, as well as considering and responding to at least one objection. While it is most important for you to write clearly, accurately, and rigorously on the relevant material, you are also encouraged to demonstrate some original thought and, where possible, to use your own examples to help support your analysis and argument. TEXT USE AND CITATION It is extremely important that you cite all your sources. I’m not picky about citation style; just make sure that your citations are clear, specific, and reasonably consistent. Keep in mind that you must cite page numbers when quoting or directly paraphrasing the material. You are not expected to use external sources but are free to do so. In any case, you should be mainly drawing on the course material. If your sources are all from the course and have the same pagination as the course texts, you do not need to include a separate references page. If you do use any outside or different sources, you must include a references list with full bibliographic information for each source. Whichever topic you choose, you are expected to apply course concepts and to draw directly and substantially at least two course readings. FORMAT AND SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS Please submit the paper as a Word document, as this facilitates providing comments via tracked changes. Your papers should be written in 12-point font and double-spaced. You do not need a title page. At the top of your first page, indicate your full name and/or student number, the topic number, the date, and your word count.

What is my philosopher’s theory about how people “do ethics” or how they should “do ethics”? You should be using secondary sources here, to help you understand the primary source of the philosopher’s writing, which you should also be using, including quoting. What does at least one other philosopher say about my philosopher’s theory of Ethics? Now you are evaluating the approach using the writing of that other philosopher. What do I think about this theory? How do the ideas of either my philosopher or the other philosopher challenge my own ideas about Ethics? How do I assess their ideas? Do not merely echo what other people say; use your own creative and informed philosophical judgment to move beyond what you have read.

Select one of the contemporary issue cases studies (see attached file) and then do the following. You are not required to provide a title page or a bibliography, but you should footnote any references (it’s fine if you don’t have any references for this assignment, as it’s not a research paper). Note: you are to write this as if you were trying to explain this material to an educated layperson (i.e., someone such as a peer who is college educated, but doesn’t have any special understanding of philosophy or this particular issue), so you will want to be sure to define all your technical terms and fully explain any examples you discuss. 1. Provide an overview of the case (one paragraph). 2. Identify what you consider to be the central moral tension in the case (one sentence). 3. Write a question that directs you to answer the central moral tension (e.g., like a moderator’s question in an ethics bowl case) (one sentence). 4. Briefly detail the process by which moral issues are to be sorted out (one to two paragraphs) 5. Provide and analysis of the case you have chosen, using the process you described above (one to two pages). You will not be evaluated on your position in this case (these cases are thought to be well-balanced, such that a reasonable person could be on either side); rather, you will be evaluated on the depth and accuracy of your treatment of the issue. Primary emphasis will be on 4 and 5 above.

Required Resources Read/review the following resources for this activity: Textbook: ( Facione, P. A., & Gittens, C. A. (2016). Think critically (3rd ed.). Boston: Pearson.) Chapter 6, 7 Lesson Link (website): Conducting Research (Purdue OWL) (Links to an external site.) Link (website): How to Search the Library (Links to an external site.) Link (website): Library Workshop Archive (Links to an external site.) (various videos about research and APA format) Minimum of 6 scholarly sources Introduction This week you continue to work on your paper that addresses a current controversial issue. This paper is to be in the form of an argument. You have selected a topic and chosen issues related to that topic; this week, you will thoroughly research both sides of the issues you have chosen. Keep in mind that your paper must define the issue, present evidence on both sides of the issue, and then argue that one side is stronger and more persuasive than the other. Your paper must address at least three relevant aspects of the issue. More specific directions for each part of the paper will be found within the specific assignment in the weekly modules; the assignment this week is to research both the pro and cons sides of the issues you have chosen to address. Instructions This week, you will conduct an issue review for your selected topic for your project. Present a brief report of your research on both sides of the issue. This should include the following: Citation of your sources Links to the sources where available Brief description of the content of each of the sources (50 to 80 words for each source) Your research review should address at least three (3) aspects of the issue that is the subject of your paper and must present at least one pro and one con article review on each aspect. Sources should be scholarly or of very high substantive quality. Click on the following link to view an example. The first aspect is written out completely, with APA citation and a brief description of content. The next two aspects should be completely written out by you in your report, including correct APA citation and brief description of content. Link: Example Issue Review Because the topics vary widely, the nature of your research will also vary. If you are writing about gene therapy, for example, you will have to support your points with scholarly medical opinion. You may need to review researching techniques. Visit the research links provided in the Required Resources section in this activity for more information. Writing Requirements (APA format) Length: 1-2 pages (not including title page) 1-inch margins Double spaced 12-point Times New Roman font Title page References page note: use this reference Facione, P. A., & Gittens, C. A. (2016). Think critically (3rd ed.). Boston: Pearson.) Chapter 6, 7 and an additional two scholarly references

Write a short, objective summary of 250-500 words which summarizes the main ideas being put forward by the author in this selection.