philosophy

page 131 of attached file explains “subjects in expectancy” please expand on this idea and explain what Freire means by this. the idea is stated in other places of chapter. this is a critical analysis of the concept and should be treated that way in regards to oppression and political science.

Write a brief essay on social capital that includes: WHAT IS YOUR INTERPRETATION OF THE TITLE “BOWLING ALONE” 1.A definition of social capital in your own words. 2.Why is social capital important for your social wellbeing, health, and quality of life? 3.An assessment of your social capital that includes •your social network and family supports •social and community organizations in which you participate you participate

The suggested length of your essays is 1000 words each, or about three double-spaced pages of text for each of three topics.  Your reference sources should be limited to your textbook and lecture notes.  Other sources will be grudgingly accepted, but you must provide exact citations for them in either APA or MLA format.   (Select exactly  one format for all essays.) What is the Principle of Non-Contradiction (PNC)? Is it justified to refer to it as the Law of Non-Contradiction (LNC)? Elaborate. What is the relevance. if any, of PNC/LNC for our knowledge of reality? In the vision granted to Parmenides, the goddess reveals that It is, is the Way of Truth, and It is not, is the Way of Opinion. According to Melissos of Samos (as reported by Sextus Empiricus, and revised by Smith), there are four corollaries that follow from the cognitive content of Parmenides vision. Discuss each corollary and attempt to demonstrate the derivations of each of them from the First Corollary, “It is whole, permanent, and unchangeable.”

Ethics Paper Word count: 1500 Worth: 250pts In this paper you are asked to do four things:  1) Explain either Kant or Bentham’s/Mill’s moral system. Explain one of the ethical systems that we’ve discussed in detail, supporting the explanation with quotes. By the end of this section, the workings of the ethical system should be clear. How is the “good” defined? What do we need to do to bring about that good?  2) Briefly explain (200-300 words) a current event with moral significance.* Since the end of 2019, COVID-19 has forced individuals, businesses, and communities to make decisions and take actions that have significant moral weight. There are many different types of things we could talk about here, and I really don’t want to limit your approach. I’ll list a few questions/topics/ideas, but feel more than free to pursue one of your own choosing: • Keeping in mind the following: the CDC states that wearing masks is effective in protecting others from the mask-wearer and that an individual can be contagious without knowing they are infected.  1 Should an individual wear a mask when out in public? • How can we evaluate employers who mandate that their employees return to work, even if infection rates in a community have not reduced? • With the sudden and enormous spike in unemployment, many renters are unable to make their payments. 2 What, if any, moral obligation does the landlord have to affected tenants? • What is the moral significance of an individual or a family vacationing to a state with less severe social distancing restrictions? • At the beginning of the outbreak, there were numerous cases of individuals stockpiling cleaning and hygiene supplies. 3 Do you think they had the moral right to do this? 1https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/cloth-face-cover.html 2https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/tenants-face-eviction-uncertainty-time-coronavirus-no-heart-nounderstanding-n1163281 3https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/14/technology/coronavirus-purell-wipes-amazon-sellers.html In this section, whether you choose one of these prompts or a separate issue that has arisen during the pandemic, provide a brief explanation of the event while citing any relevant sources. Call attention to which aspects have moral significance. *If you would like to discuss a completely different event, please email me about it first.  3) Apply the ethical system to the scenario. How would the philosopher you picked evaluate the scenario discussed in your paper? The first two sections of this paper were spent laying important groundwork. Here, we see what that all amounts to. Make sure to be thorough.  4) Evaluate the conclusions. Do you think the judgments expressed through the lens of the ethical system are right? Is the system right to approve? To condemn? Why or why not? Here, you have to explore different viewpoints. If you agree with the system you picked, explain why someone might take issue with it. Can you defend it? If you disagree with the system you picked, explain why that is. Can you understand why someone would take that position? Why don’t you? Explanation is critical here, so make sure you are justifying your claims thoroughly.

Determine which ethical perspective is primarily reflected in each of the arguments below and, in 1-2 sentences for each argument, explain why it corresponds to the ethical perspective you selected.. Ethical Perspectives: A = Consequentialism B = Duty Ethics/Deontology C = Virtue Ethics D = Moral Relativism Arguments: Free health care should be available to all people. After all, if that were the case, it would benefit everyone. Character education should be part of the public school system in the United States. We need to cultivate integrity in our children, and the public school system should play a role in this important process. Although many societies have practiced human sacrifice, human sacrifice wasn’t considered wrong, even though we believe it is wrong in our culture. So, human sacrifice within those cultures wasn’t really wrong. Same-sex marriage is right because the polls show that most Americans favor it, even if that is not the case in other countries. The legalization of same-sex marriage is wrong because the government has no right to legally sanction any form of personal relationship except one: marriage relationships between a man and a woman. That is the only type of relationship that can lead to procreation, and the state has a legitimate interest in procreation. Thus, the state has a duty to support marriage between a man and a woman, and a duty to refrain from getting legally involved in other types of relationships. Dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was wrong because those acts violated the right to life of many innocent people, and we should protect those rights. Dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was right because those acts ended the war faster, and thus made the world a safer place.  We need to do a background check and to collect some character references on Mr. Jones before we hire him. He doesn’t have the right character and temperament to be a state governor. He has been involved in corruption scandals, known to be dishonest, and has problems controlling his anger. Sure, slavery is wrong in our society because we all agree it’s wrong. However, slavery isn’t absolutely wrong because many societies have practiced slavery.

In examining how you will create your Good Life, we have looked at various models and approaches throughout the Summer. For this essay, consider both the process from “Designing Your Life” by Burnett & Evans, and the research-based approach of Angela Duckworth in “Grit.” After carefully considering your Lifeview, Workview and Coherency (Compass) perspectives, you will need to carefully construct each of the three life models/Odyssey Plans described by Burnett & Evans , anchoring each of your life models to a specific reading or individual from the course (DO NOT USE Siddhartha) and explain your choice with specifics from the reading. You will need to use a different reading/character for each of your life models. As always, use specific examples and details from the texts to support your idealized life models, and be very succinct and concise in your writing. You also need to relate your personal perseverance and determination ‘scores’ to each of your models and explain your choices.

Write a two page reflection (250-300 words) after reading Chapters 1 & 2. Use complete sentences and correct academic writing to complete this assignment.  Respond in writing to these items: Consider these questions: What is philosophy? What are the main areas of philosophy? Ask these same questions to 3 to 5 friends or colleagues. Summarize their responses and your own in an essay form. Have your thoughts changed since reading the beginning chapters? How? Why do you think it might be important to learn philosophy? Compare these to your own thoughts and feelings on the matter.

1. In Descartes’ First Meditation, why does he set about doubting all of his knowledge? What is he hoping to achieve?  2. In the First Meditation, Descartes provides two skeptical arguments. What are they, and what kind of knowledge claims does each argument call into question? 3. In the Second Meditation, Descartes argues that we can be certain of one thing. What does he claim we can know with certainty, and what is the reason he gives? Do you agree that we can know this with certainty? 4. In the Second Meditation, Descartes introduces the wax analogy. Explain the significance of the wax example. What was the purpose in Descartes’ example? 5. In the Third Meditation, Descartes talks about three sources of ideas: innate, adventitious, and self-created. Explain what these ideas are. How does Descartes relate the idea of an idea’s source with the idea of God? Where does Descartes claim the idea of God comes from?

Question 1: Internalism vs Externalism Does Philippa Foot think that we have a duty to be moral? In what sense do we have such a duty, and in what sense do we not?Question 2: Moral Explanations According to Harman, what role does observation play in mathematics that it does not play in ethics?Question 3: Debunking ArgumentsIn arguing against the tracking account (and in favor of the adaptive link account), Street mentions that the adaptive link account is more parsimonious. Why might this criticism not apply to reductive realists?

QUESTION 1 Fill in the blank: Is the following argument an inductive argument or a deductive argument? “Every planet in our solar system is smaller than the sun. Jupiter is a planet in our solar system. Therefore, Jupiter is smaller than the sun.”   QUESTION 2 Fill in the blank: Is the following argument a deductive argument or an inductive argument? “Most antibiotics are effective for treating bacterial infections. You have a bacterial infection. You are taking the antibiotic Q. Thus, the antibiotic you are taking will be effective in treating your bacterial infection.”   QUESTION 3 Fill in the blank: Is the following argument a deductive argument or an inductive argument? “I just drank a bottle of Sunrise Spring Mineral Water. Since it has been shown that most bottled water is safe, I can conclude, with some confidence, that the water is safe.”   QUESTION 4 Which of the following best describes an inductive argument? Given the truth of the premises, the conclusion is guaranteed to be true A weak deductive argument Given the truth of the conclusion, the premises are guaranteed to be true Given the truth of the premises, the conclusion is very likely to be true   QUESTION 5 A categorical syllogism is a type of argument that consists of two components, the subject term and the __________ term.   QUESTION 6 Which of the following best describes a deductive argument? Given the truth of the premises, the conclusion is guaranteed to be true A generalization from a set of particular statements to a general hypothesis Given the truth of the premises, the conclusion is most likely to be true Given the truth of the conclusion, the premises are most likely false   QUESTION 7 An argument is a set of two or more propositions related to each other in such a way that all but one of them (the premises) are supposed to provide support for the remaining one (the conclusion).  True  False   QUESTION 8 What is the term used to describe the propositions / statements that are used to provide support for the conclusion?   QUESTION 9 Fill in the blank: Is the following argument a deductive argument or an inductive argument? “Every raven I have ever seen has been black. My daughter just spotted a raven in our backyard. The raven in our backyard is most likely black.”   QUESTION 10 Fill in the blank: Is the following argument a deductive argument or an inductive argument? “All dogs have canines. You have a dog named Toby. Therefore, your dog named Toby has canines.”