Nursing

NUR 533 Discussion Hotspotting in health care system
NUR 533 Discussion Hotspotting in health care system
Matterhorn mirrored in RiffelseCritical reflection is a process used to
make meaning of an experience. It is a time when you consider what you had
accomplished, read, watched or shared with others. Critical reflection will
help you to better understand why you react to or just watch what is happening
around you. Critical self-reflection occurs with the assistance of others, who
validate what you have learned or become as a result of your experiences.
To prepare for your discussion, review your readings and work for Modules
1 – 8.
Hotspotting can be used in many regions of the health care system; this
type of data analysis can be used to collect evidence and drive change in
health care in many settings, across many populations. Of interest is the
potential for the master’s prepared nurse to participate as member of a “Hot Spotting”
team, in a particular health care setting and the type of knowledge and skill
this nurse will need to be effective in this role.
NUR 533 Discussion Hotspotting in health care system
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Consider the following statements are you review what you have
accomplished in this course.
Critically reflect on what you have learned in this course related to the
course outcomes.
Discuss how you will incorporate knowledge you gained from this course,
into your practice and how it might influence your future roles and choices for
your career.
Discuss how this knowledge will empower you as a nurse leader and policy
advocate.
For your initial response, please be sure to address all of the above
statements and/ or questions.
Use these EC Library and OWL resources for research assistance and to
properly cite your work:
Master’s in Nursing Research Guide (Links to an external site.)Links to
an external site.
Plagiarism & Copyright (Links to an external site.)Links to an
external site.
Excelsior Library Writing Help (Links to an external site.)Links to an
external site.
APA Citation Help (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Excelsior College Online Writing Lab (OWL) (Links to an external
site.)Links to an external site.
How You Are Evaluated
You are expected to participate in academic conversations with peers and
faculty to generate scholarly dialogue. Expectations for participation in the
course discussions are described under the Discussion Rubric: Exploration,
Spirit of Inquiry, and Engagement (interactions) when relating your
experiences, opinions, viewpoints, and ideas supported by evidence.
Consult the Discussion Posting Guide for information about writing your
discussion posts. It is recommended that you write your post in a document
first. Check your work and correct any spelling or grammatical errors. When you
are ready to make your initial post, click “Reply.” Then copy/paste
the text into the message field, and click “Post Reply.”
To respond to a peer, click “Reply” beneath her or his post and continue
as with an initial post.
Evaluation
This discussion will be graded using the discussion board rubric. Please
review this rubric, located on the Rubrics page within the Start Here module of
the course, prior to beginning your work to ensure your participation meets the
criteria in place for this discussion. All discussions combined are worth 40%
of your final course grade.

NURS-6630 Approaches to Treatment quiz QUESTION 1
Richard is a 54-year-old male who suffers from schizophrenia. After exhausting various medication options, you have decided to start him on Clozapine. Which of the statements below is true regarding Clozapine?a.Regular blood monitoring must be performed to monitor for neutropenia.b.Clozapine can only be filled by a pharmacy that participates in the REMS program.c.Bradycardia is a common side effect of Clozapine.d.A & Be.All of the above
3.75 points
QUESTION 2
Which of the following statements are true?a.First-generation (typical) antipsychotics are associated with a higher incidence of EPS.b.Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics are associated with a higher risk of metabolic side effects.c.There is evidence that atypical antipsychotics are significantly more effective than typical antipsychotics in the treatment of cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia.d.A & Be.A, B, and C
3.75 points
QUESTION 3
Cindy is a 55-year-old patient who presents with symptoms consistent with Generalized anxiety disorder. The patient has an unremarkable social history other than she consumes two or three glasses of wine per night. Which of the following would be an appropriate therapy to start this patient on?a.Xanax 0.25mg BID PRN Anxietyb.Escitalopram 10mg dailyc.Buspirone 10mg BIDd.Aripiprazole 10mg daily
3.75 points
NURS-6630 Approaches to Treatment quiz QUESTION 4
Mirza is a 75-year-old patient with a long history of schizophrenia. During the past 5 years, she has shown significant cognitive decline consistent with dementia. The patient has been well controlled on a regimen of risperidone 1mg BID. As the PMHNP, the most appropriate course of action for this patient is:a.Increase the risperidone to 1mg QAM, 2mg QPMb.Discontinue risperidone and prescribe a long-acting injectable such as Invega Sustenna.c.Discontinue risperidone and initiate therapy with clozapine.d.Augment the patient’s risperidone with brexpiprazole.
3.75 points
QUESTION 5
The patient in the previous question states, “I can’t even last 1 more day without feeling like my insides are going to explode with anxiety.” The most appropriate course of action would be:a.Inform the patient to try yoga or other natural remedies until the vortioxetine takes effect.b.Prescribe a short-term course of low dose benzodiazepine, such as alprazolam.c.Prescribe an SNRI, such as venlafaxine, in addition to the vortioxetine.d.Recommend in-patient mental health for the foreseeable future.
3.75 points
QUESTION 6
Thomas is a 28-year-old male who presents to the clinic with signs and symptoms consistent with MDD. He is concerned about starting antidepressant therapy, however, because one of his friends recently experienced erectile dysfunction when he was put on an antidepressant. Which of the following would be the most appropriate antidepressant to start Thomas on?a.Vilazodoneb.Sertralinec.Paroxetined.Citalopram
3.75 points
QUESTION 7
Stephanie is a 36-year-old female who presents to the clinic with a history of anxiety. Social history is unremarkable. For the last 4 years, she has been well controlled on paroxetine, however she feels “it just doesn’t work anymore.” You have decided to change her medication regimen to vortioxetine 5mg, titrating up to a max dose of 20mg per day based on tolerability. The patient asks, “When can I expect this to start kicking in?” The best response is:a.3 or 4 daysb.1 or 2 weeksc.3 or 4 weeksd.10 weeks
3.75 points
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QUESTION 8
Jane is a 17-year-old patient who presents to the office with signs consistent with schizophrenia. She states multiple times that she is concerned about gaining weight, as she has the perfect prom dress picked out and she finally got a date. Which of the following is the least appropriate choice to prescribe Jane?a.Aripiprazoleb.Olanzapinec.Haloperidold.Brexpiprazole
3.75 points
NURS-6630 Approaches to Treatment quiz QUESTION 9
John is a 41-year old-patient who presents to the clinic with diarrhea, fatigue, and recently has been having tremors. He was diagnosed 19 years ago with bipolar disorder and is currently managed on Lithium 300mg BID. As the PMHNP, you decide to order a lithium level that comes back at 2.3mmol/l. What is the most appropriate course of action?a.Investigate other differential diagnoses for his symptoms.b.Tell John to skip his next four Lithium doses and resume therapy.c.Tell John he needs to go to the hospital and call an ambulance to bring him.d.Prescribe loperamide to treat the diarrhea and ropinirole to treat the tremors
3.75 points
QUESTION 10
Jordyn is a 27-year-old patient who presents to the clinic with GAD. She is 30 weeks pregnant and has been well controlled on a regimen of sertraline 50mg daily. Jordyn says that “about once or twice a week my husband really gets on my nerves and I can’t take it.” She is opposed to having the sertraline dose increased due to the risk of further weight gain. You have decided to prescribe the patient a short-term course of benzodiazepines for breakthrough anxiety. Which of the following is the LEAST appropriate benzodiazepines to prescribe to this patient?a.diazepamb.alprazolamc.clonazepamd.lorazepam
3.75 points
QUESTION 11
Rebecca is a 32-year-old female who was recently prescribed escitalopram for MDD. She presents to the clinic today complaining of diaphoresis, tachycardia, and confusion. The differential diagnosis for this patient, based on the symptoms presenting, is:a.Panic disorderb.Gastroenteritisc.Abnormal gaitd.Serotonin syndrome
3.75 points
QUESTION 12
Mark is a 46-year-old male with treatment-resistant depression. He has tried various medications, including SSRIs, SNRI, and TCAs. You have decided to initiate therapy with phenelzine. Which of the following must the PMHNP take into consideration when initiating therapy with phenelzine?a.There is a minimum 7-day washout period when switching from another antidepressant to phenelzine.b.Patient must be counseled on dietary restrictions.c.MAOIs may be given as an adjunctive therapy with SSRIs.d.A & Be.All of the above
3.75 points
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QUESTION 13
Melvin is an 89-year-old male who presents to the clinic with signs/symptoms consistent with MDD. Which of the following would be the LEAST appropriate medication to prescribe to this elderly patient?a.nortriptylineb.amitriptylinec.desipramined.trazodone
3.75 points
QUESTION 14
Earle is an 86-year-old patient who presents to the hospital with a Community Acquired Pneumonia. During stay, you notice that the patient often seems agitated. He suffers from cognitive decline and currently takes no mental health medications. Treatment for the CAP include ceftriaxone and azithromycin. The LEAST appropriate medication to treat Earle’s anxiety is:a.sertralineb.duloxetinec.citalopramd.venlafaxine
3.75 points
NURS-6630 Approaches to Treatment quiz QUESTION 15
Martin is a 92-year-old male who presents to the clinic with signs/symptoms consistent with MDD. The patient suffers from glaucoma and just recently underwent surgery for a cataract. Which of the following is the LEAST appropriate course of therapy when treating the MDD?a.sertralineb.amitriptylinec.duloxetined.vilazodone
3.75 points
QUESTION 16
Sam is a 48-year-old male who presents to the clinic with signs and symptoms consistent with GAD & MDD. Which of the following medications would be the LEAST appropriate choice when initiating pharmacotherapy?a.duloxetineb.sertralinec.mirtazapined.buproprion
3.75 points
QUESTION 17
Steve is a 35-year-old male who presents to the primary care office complaining of anxiety secondary to quitting smoking cold turkey 2 weeks ago. The patient has a 14-year history of smoking two packs per day. The patient has an unremarkable social history other than a recent divorce from his wife, Brittany. Which of the following would be the LEAST effective medication to treat Steve’s anxiety?a.Buproprionb.Sertralinec.Vareniclined.Alprazolam
3.75 points
QUESTION 18
Amber is a 26-year-old female who presents to the clinic 6 weeks postpartum. The patient states that she has been “feeling down” since the birth of her son. She is currently breastfeeding her infant. You diagnose the patient with Postpartum depression. Which of the following is the LEAST appropriate option in treating her PPD?a.paroxetineb.escitalopramc.citalopramd.sertraline
3.75 points
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QUESTION 19
Which of the following medications, when given intramuscularly, is most likely to cause severe postural hypotension?a.haloperidolb.lorazepamc.benztropined.chlorpromazine
3.75 points
NURS-6630 Approaches to Treatment quiz QUESTION 20
Jason is a 6-year-old child whose mother presents to the clinic with him. The mother says that “he’s not himself lately.” After a thorough workup, you diagnose the patient as having GAD. Which of the following medications would be the LEAST appropriate to prescribe to this child?a.Sertralineb.Paroxetinec.Venlafaxined.Buspirone

Complete a Vila Health interactive simulation in which you will evaluate the current state of hospital HIM systems and needs. Then, write a 5-6 page analysis of the current health care information technology environment and how the Vila Health hospitals fit into that environment.
Introduction
Note: The assessments in this course build upon the work you have completed in the previous assessments. Therefore, complete the assessments in the order in which they are presented.
Health care is a diverse field; it is not just hospitals and physicians. Health care settings include a wide range of facilities and services, including skilled nursing homes, home health care agencies, rehabilitation clinics, behavioral health clinics, and support services, just to name a few. Therefore, when making decisions related to health informatics, it is important for administrators to take into account the larger, external information technology environment and how their organization fits into it.
This assessment provides an opportunity for you to analyze a current health care information technology environment and make system integration decisions within the larger context of the external environment.
Overview and Preparation
Note: This assessment builds on your work from Assessments 1 and 3. Therefore, complete the assessments in this course in the order in which they are presented.
The following resources are required to complete the assessment:
Vila Health: Health Information System Characteristics and Needs.
This multimedia simulation will enable you to evaluate the current state of health information management systems and needs at Vila Health’s St. Anthony Medical Center.
APA Style Paper Template [DOCX].
Use this template for your written analysis of the health informatics external environment:
Once again, you will assume the role of a mid-level administrator within the Vila Health system. In the previous assessment, you analyzed the Vila Health settings and the health information systems of the various hospitals it acquired and made your system integration decisions and recommendations.
In this assessment, the chief operations officer would like your analysis of the current health informatics external environment and an explanation of how your integration decisions align with this environment.
Complete the Vila Health: Health Information System Characteristics and Needs interactive simulations linked above. Determine the HIS needs of two medical departments, services, or clinics.
Requirements
Analyze the current health care information technology environment, and support your system integration decisions, within the larger context of the external environment.
Note: Remember that you can submit all—or a portion of—your draft analysis to Smarthinking for feedback, before you submit the final version for this assessment. If you plan on using this free service, be mindful of the turnaround time of 24–48 hours for receiving feedback.
Document Format and Length
Format your analysis using APA style.
Use the APA Style Paper Template [DOCX]. An APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX] is also provided (linked in the Suggested Resources) to help you in writing and formatting your analysis. Be sure to include:
A title page and references page. An abstract is not required.
A running head on all pages.
Appropriate section headings.
Your analysis should be 5–6 pages in length, not including the title page and references page.
Supporting Evidence
Use credible scholarly or professional evidence to support your analysis.
Format all citations using APA style. Remember that an APA citation includes both the in-text citation (the author’s last name and the year of publication) and the full reference for the source.
Writing Your Analysis of the External Environment
Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. Be sure that your analysis addresses each point, at a minimum. You may also want to read the HIM System Characteristics and Needs Scoring Guide to better understand how each criterion will be assessed.
Analyze the current health care information technology (IT) environment.
Consider the information needed to create a complete picture of the IT environment.
Explain how the Vila Health hospital’s HIM systems fit into the external health care technology environment.
What evidence do you have to support your assertions and conclusions?
Determine the interrelatedness of HIT throughout an organization.
How do various applications used throughout the organization, such as electronic medical records (EMR) and pharmacy, laboratory, scheduling, and billing applications, work together?
How might an understanding of a broad range of applications help health care managers make strategic decisions. For example, how would a demographics database application help make marketing decisions?
Identify the specific, unique HIM needs of each hospital.
How might system integration decisions serve those needs?
Identify the specific regulations and guidelines that must be followed for particular health information systems.
Consider current laws, the responsibilities of managers for meeting regulatory obligations and guidelines, and best practices for compliance.
Analyze common procedures and best practices for securing sensitive health information.
Consider the effects of government agencies and specific regulations on health informatics.
Support your system integration decisions and recommendations.
Utilize current trends and best practices from the literature.
Write clearly and concisely, using correct grammar, mechanics, and APA formatting.
Express your main points and conclusions coherently.
Proofread your writing to minimize errors that could distract readers and make it more difficult for them to focus on the substance of your analysis.
Competencies Measured
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
Competency 1: Articulate the impact of internal and external environmental changes in health care organizations related to use of technology.
Analyze the current health care information technology (IT) environment.
Explain how hospital HIM systems fit into the external health care technology environment.
Competency 3: Analyze the roles of governmental, regulatory, and professional agencies related to health care and their impact on clinical outcomes and financial performance.
Identify the specific regulations and guidelines that must be followed for particular health information systems.
Competency 4: Evaluate health care applications and technology infrastructure.
Support one’s system integration decisions and recommendations.
Competency 5: Articulate the characteristics and services of different types of health care organizations and their unique use of health care technology.
Determine the interrelatedness of HIT throughout an organization.
Identify the specific, unique HIM needs of a hospital.
Analyze common procedures and best practices for securing sensitive health information.
Competency 6: Communicate effectively with diverse audiences, in an appropriate form and style, consistent with applicable organizational, professional, and scholarly standards.
Write clearly and concisely, using correct grammar, mechanics, and APA formatting.
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Solution
HIM System Characteristics and Needs
Vila’s health care system requires a major upgrade to fit in the international health care standards. The health care unit does not only require a system that focuses on physicians and hospitals but needs other support systems such as home health care agencies and behavioral health clinics. The health care industry forms an integral part of human life. Maintaining quality in the health care delivery system while ensuring that all challenges facing health care are at their minimum is a sign of an improved health care system (Markazi-Moghaddam et al., 2019). Rapid application of IT in the healthcare industry has formed a base of active innovation of all health care systems. Vila health care systems are not an exception in the current IT integration. This paper aims to analyze the current health care information technology and how Vila health fits into this environment.
Current Information Technology Environment
The current health care industry is looking forward to developing a system that can minimize human errors in health care. The current state of Vila health does not suffice to obtain the optimal minimization of errors because of the low application of technology in the operating systems of the organization (Jeddi et al., 2020).). The management of the internal factors affecting the quality of health care delivery in the institution is an important decision to the Vila management team.
Information Needed to Create a Complete Picture of IT environment
Vila needs the installation of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) and e-journals to increase the accuracy of health care services. Each day, many patients interact with doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and health care workers, where relevant information about the patient’s medication is passed from one doctor to the next (Hu et al., 2020). This flow of information needs a well-organized mechanism for storage and effective management of this information against the threat of getting into the hands of unauthorized persons. Policies for universal health care delivery in the US call for all health care institutions to adopt the EMR system that allows easy communication and record-keeping in health care institutions. The installation of an effective EHR system would thus imply that the clinic would be fit to meet the current needs of patients.
Vila Health Hospital’s HIM Systems Fit into the External Health Care Technology Environment.
Moreover, installing an EMR system at Vila health would effectively eliminate human errors, which have been a major cause of health in the US. The EMR system has been effective in eliminating human errors. The efficiency of the health care operations through Electronic Medical Records has also led to the high demand for the patients’ medical records in the black market. Hackers look at hospital data as a rich source of information they can be using to carry out their malicious activities (Jeddi et al., 2020). Despite the significance that ICT has been having on health care institutions, the threat to electronic security has also increased simultaneously. These issues have been calling for an accurate measure in dealing with this threat in health care institutions. Therefore, as Vila health thinks about the massive application of technology that would define all the health care services it will be offering to the community, there will be a need to invest in an effective information security system to secure patient data.
Interrelatedness of HIT throughout an Organization
Vila health care needs to understand the complexity and diversity of the health care field. The activities done within the clinic do not suffice to drive the clinic to its required quality. The health care systems involve a wide range of facilities and services, including skilled nursing homes, home health care agencies, rehabilitation clinics, behavioral clinics, and support services. However, effective management of all these health care facilities and services requires an effective system that enables the free flow of communication from one department to the next (Tsagaankhuu et al., 2018). Computer physician order entry systems (CPOE) technologies in health care institutions house different groups working together to ensure that patients receive health care services. Despite the name of this tool implying to physicians, it is important to all health care professionals. Patients depend on the health care workers to have a positive change in their well-being; physicians are charged with ensuring that they receive health care services. On the other hand, employers in the healthcare delivery system hold different positions in the institution that ensures that services are smooth and of high quality in various healthcare institutions. Vila requires this kind of system to manage all these facilities.
Working of Applications at Vila Health
The current communication devices used at Vila health do not define quality or show a positive direction towards quality improvement. The application of technology needs to be taking center stage in the integration between nurses, doctors, and other health care workers in the institution. Use of handheld wireless devices technologies in healthcare aids in connecting the health records to the overall health records in the hospital. Electronic Health Records, computerized disease entries, medical insurance cover, electronic prescribing, and telehealth are systems in health care carrying a heavy load of confidential information of patients and require an effective communication device (Jeddi et al., 2020). Vila health has the opportunity to grow, and the substantial growth that management could depend on emanates from the application of the current technology in health care institutions. Vila needs immense hiring of nurse informatics with professional skills to lead to technology integration in the clinic. This compels these companies to ensure that all their workers and the system adhere to the security protection that would not jeopardize the clients’ information.
Common Procedures and Best Practices for Securing Sensitive Health Information
The transformation of the Vila clinic through the integration of technology requires the use of simulation in the training of the current nurses to understand the direction that services would be taking in the future. The use of simulation models for education and training has improved the health care training that many clinicians can have a virtual reality of what they are about to find in the field from the models of training offered to these medics. Additional VR technology training Vila nurses would increase the clinic’s social, environmental, and personal presence in the international environment (Markazi-Moghaddam et al., 2019). In some clinics, AR is already in an application used in the training of medical nurses to conceptualize some of the complex anatomical structures in humans. Health care practitioners need effective training of all their practice on the best ways of handling the technology installed in the hospital. Effective awareness through training on IT security is that each employee will understand the system by recognizing the effective application of health IT in practice.
Effect of Health IT in Strategic Decision Making
One of the essential ways to improve healthcare quality in clinics is to admit a drastic technological transformation. The fear of securing health data has been limiting many hospitals from adopting a digital mass migration. However, healthcare needs an effective IT security framework that all medical practitioners need to learn. The preparation of a technological change in health care starts from the preparation of the users who will be having a daily encounter with the technological products installed in a health care institution (Markazi-Moghaddam et al., 2019). The mass application of modern technology in health care effectively reduces human error using automated error alerting mechanisms, has been significant in increasing the quality-of-service delivery to patients. Fear of causing error in the treatment of patients has been limiting health workers from giving the most effective remedy. However, health IT brings in a new system of operation that dispels healthcare workers’ doubts while ensuring they achieve the ultimate need in offering health care services. For instance, error alert devices help medics to adopt ways of ensuring their safety to patients.
Unique HIM Need at Vila Health
The need for technological health care migration has also been changing the management of health care institutions. The Computerized Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are some of the IT tools affecting the behavior of health care providers. This tool can provide healthcare professionals with a warning on an intended treatment (Jeddi et al., 2020). Doctors are also prone to errors such that when they do not have a controlling system, they can commit numerous atrocities that affect human life. The integration of CDSS in various health institutions allows each medical practitioner to understand the tool such that an alarm raised from the tool will prompt a stop in medication. Besides, these tools reveal a patient’s accurate health conditions, promoting faster medical attention to save lives.
Conclusion
The massive use of IT tools in health care delivery proves the level of advancement that Vila health need to adopt in the 21st century. The role of technology has a pivotal role in almost all levels of integration in the health care industry. The success of these tools in the health care industry is a sign that all health care instructions are moving towards a data-driven innovation where all decisions affecting the functioning of a clinic or a hospital lies on proof given by a particular data.
References
Hu, X., Qu, H., Houser, S. H., Chen, H., Zhou, J., & Yu, M. (2020). Hospital characteristics associated with certified EHR adoption among US psychiatric hospitals. Risk management and healthcare policy, 13, 295. https://dx.doi.org/10.2147%2FRMHP.S241553
Jeddi, F. R., Nabovati, E., Bigham, R., & Khajouei, R. (2020). Usability evaluation of a comprehensive national health information system: relationship of quality components to users’ characteristics. International journal of medical informatics, 133, 104026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.104026
Markazi-Moghaddam, N., Kazemi, A., & Alimoradnori, M. (2019). Using the importance-performance analysis to improve hospital information system attributes based on nurses’ perceptions. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 17, 100251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imu.2019.100251
Tsagaankhuu, S., Zhang, X., & Ayush, E. A. (2018). Characteristics of hospitals that adopt hospital information systems in Mongolia and its impact on patient safety and quality of care. Central Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 4(2), 116-125. https://doi.org/10.24079/CAJMS.2018.06.003

Public health-655-Health And Burden Of Disease-Topic 3 DQ 2-Please see upload for full question
-The question will be uploaded
– Sources must be published within the last 5 years. It must be from 2017 and after and appropriate for the paper criteria and public health content.
– Please do not use blogs as references
-References should be in APA 7th ed.
-Please make sure you add the in-text citations
NO PLAGIARISM
-Add references to reference page
-Add the hyperlink/DOI for each reference in APA 7th edition format.
Thank you
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Solution
Public health-655-Health and Burden of Disease-Topic 3 DQ 2
How have these outbreaks or pandemics directly and indirectly affected national and global economies?
Various outbreaks and pandemics, including the covid-19 pandemic, have had both a direct and indirect effect on national and global economies. For instance, the most recent pandemic, which is the Covid 19, led to a number of measures implemented by various governments across the world to try and control the spread of the virus. Such measures included social distancing and stay-at-home orders. Such measures had a direct and indirect effect on national and global economies (Ibn-Mohammed et al., 2021). The stay-at-home orders implemented by various national governments across the world eventually led to a reduction in economic activities and trade, which slowed down both national and global economies (Pak et al., 2020). National and global economies have been negatively impacted by the Covid19 Pandemic, with the general global economy being in a state of recession.
Explain how national and international health care systems have handled the outbreak. How have they differed in their methods?
National and international healthcare systems have handled the Covid- 19 outbreak differently. Most national healthcare systems are therefore concentrated on efforts to limit the spread of Covid-19 in communities. Most national healthcare systems have therefore adopted national strategies, including vaccination drives and wearing of masks to try and limit the spread of COVID-19. On the other hand, international healthcare systems have been focused on limiting the spread of covid-19 on a global scale. International health systems are focused on trying to ensure equality of resources such as vaccines in the fight against COVID19 (el Bcheraoui et al., 2020).
In what ways have the economies and the health care systems impacted each other during these outbreaks?
Economies and healthcare systems have significantly impacted each other during a pandemic outbreak. For instance, during the Covid 19 pandemic, some healthcare systems were negatively affected by the lack of patients who were afraid of seeking health care in light of the looming danger of contracting covid-19. Generally, it can therefore be stated that the pandemic has weakened some healthcare systems (Moynihan et al., 2021).
Provide at least three examples that depict the risk factors for disease.
Risk factors for the disease include age, race & ethnicity, and social status.
References
el Bcheraoui, C., Weishaar, H., Pozo-Martin, F., & Hanefeld, J. (2020). Assessing COVID-19 through the lens of health systems’ preparedness: time for a change. Globalization and Health, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00645-5
Ibn-Mohammed, T., Mustapha, K., Godsell, J., Adamu, Z., Babatunde, K., Akintade, D., Acquaye, A., Fujii, H., Ndiaye, M., Yamoah, F., & Koh, S. (2021). A critical analysis of the impacts of COVID-19 on the global economy and ecosystems and opportunities for circular economy strategies. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 164, 105169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105169
Moynihan, R., Sanders, S., Michaleff, Z. A., Scott, A. M., Clark, J., To, E. J., Jones, M., Kitchener, E., Fox, M., Johansson, M., Lang, E., Duggan, A., Scott, I., & Albarqouni, L. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on utilization of healthcare services: a systematic review. BMJ Open, 11(3), e045343. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045343
Pak, A., Adegboye, O. A., Adekunle, A. I., Rahman, K. M., McBryde, E. S., & Eisen, D. P. (2020). Economic Consequences of the COVID-19 Outbreak: the Need for Epidemic Preparedness. Frontiers in Public Health, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00241

Assignment- PHN 652- TOPIC 2- Intervention Wheel Analysis (See upload for full questions and Rubric and reading)
Intervention Wheel Analysis
The intervention wheel is a commonly used model used in public health. The purpose of this assignment is to analyze the intervention wheel and contrast it with another model used in public health. Write a 1,100 word paper, including the following:
A description of the strengths and weaknesses of the intervention wheel.
An example of when the intervention wheel has been used in public health.
A brief description of another model used in public health.
A description of how the two models are similar.
A description of how the two models are different.
Cite two or three resources in your paper.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide.
An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations.
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Solution
Public Health Models
The Intervention Wheel healthcare model is a population-based model encompassing three main levels of practice: the community, systems, and individuals or families. In addition to the levels of practice, the model provides 17 interventions for public health that contribute to quality health improvement for the public. The model was designed in 1998 by the Minnesota Department of Health and has been widely used across the United States. This paper will analyze the Intervention Wheel model for public health and compare the model with the Health Belief Model for public health.
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Intervention Wheel Model
The intervention wheel has various strengths that focus on the public health elements. One of the strengths of the intervention wheel model is that it captures the scope and breadth of the population-based public health nursing work. The model provides a firm foundation for public health nursing practices by integrating public health research and nursing practices. The 17 interventions in the public health model cover the needs of populations described by public health nursing. Some of the interventions such as screening, surveillance, disease investigation, case management, and health teaching provide prevention and control against adverse health conditions. Other interventions include advocacies, coalition building, and collaboration on general public health improvement. The intervention wheel model is highly adopted for covering the entire scope of public health practices aimed at improving the quality of public health (Galvin et al., 2019).
Another strength of the intervention wheel is that it focuses on all disease and adverse health prevention promotions. Most of the models focus on delivering care and improving health quality in secondary and tertiary levels of disease prevention. The primary prevention interventions protect the populations against health risks, keeping the health problems away from occurring. The primary interventions reduce susceptibility and exposure to the identified health risks and are implemented before the health issue happens. In the intervention wheel, interventions such as health education, health advocacy, outreach, and social marketing, among others, provide primary prevention to the public on health quality. Secondary prevention detects and treats health problems. Some of the secondary prevention interventions in the wheel include screening, outreach, referral, and follow-up interventions, among others. The tertiary prevention interventions help in managing the existing health conditions against chronicity.
The weakness associated with the intervention wheel model is that most of the interventions are focused on the public services and not the source of the services. There are no missing interventions in the wheel, but some interventions are solely described for the public. Health education is described for education programs and strategies for the community. The wheel does not provide the empowerment required for the healthcare team and policymakers to enhance the quality and access of public health. Education to the healthcare providers is one of the key measures to enhance the expertise needed for the other interventions identified in the wheel. A qualified team of healthcare providers improves the performance of disease screening, community education, collaborative public healthcare, and healthcare advocacy. The intervention wheel does not describe a quality working environment and resources as a prerequisite for the other interventions cited in the intervention wheel model for public healthcare.
Example of Intervention Wheel Model Implementation
COVID-19 is one of the most recent public health concerns which struck the whole world, especially in Europe and the United States. Various interventions were included in the prevention and control measures against the disease in countering the health problem. In countering the disease, the system came up with policies and enforced them in preventing the incidence of the disease in the United States. Some of the policies created and implemented at the state and national level included cessation of movement, wearing of masks, and sanitization requirements. Different states also modified the existing policies on healthcare occupational licensing and inclusion of retired healthcare providers in the system to enhance prevention and control of COVID-19. Outreach and surveillance on the infection situation across the states and counties were being made to determine the levels of response and the interventions to be included. More containment methods were put in place in the areas where the infection rates were high, such as lockdowns and sensitization. Health teaching was done through numerous media outlets in sensitizing the community. Some of the health teachings were on the pathogenesis of the disease, the prevention mechanisms such as hand sanitization, avoidance of touch, avoidance of congested areas, and wearing of masks. The suspected populations established through contact tracing in establishing the affected people were screening and case findings. Counseling sessions for the affected patients or those living in anxious conditions due to the impacts of the disease and its containment measures were intensified during the heights of the pandemic (Ceulemans et al., 2020).
The Health Belief Model
The health belief model is one of the public health models used to define public healthcare processes. The model provides a framework that is important in investigating health behaviors and establishing the health beliefs that are important in improving the quality of health. The HBM focuses on the desire to avoid adverse health conditions and the personal belief in the consequences of adopting healthy or unhealthy behaviors (Costa, 2020). The theory posits that people are likely to change behaviors in establishing that some behaviors may positively increase the risk of adverse health conditions, contribute to highly severe conditions, and benefit in reducing the threat of adverse conditions and quality of life. The model also focuses on the exposure to the cues to action, self-efficacy, and ability to surpass the behavioral change barriers for positive health outcomes. This theory predicts that if a person is informed about the behavioral change benefits or adversities and views the current behaviors as those that can contribute to a chronic condition, if they are susceptible to the condition, they are likely to withdraw from the negative behaviors and embrace the benefiting behaviors. Personal confidence is important in changing personal behaviors for health and wellness.
Similarities between Intervention Wheel model and HBM
The health belief model and the intervention wheel model share various aspects of public health and design public health improvement interventions. The health belief model concentrates on individuals or families as the basis for improved and quality public health. Individual perceptions on the adversities and benefits of behavioral changes are important in boosting the person’s decision-making process. The intervention wheel model puts the core of public health and the individual level, whereby all health improvement inputs are made or propelled. The interventions provided in the Intervention Wheel model are thus directed to the individual or family level, which is the most basic in improving the health and wellness of the general community.
The two models list external influences as important in making changes. The health belief model provides the cues to action as an important contributor to behavioral change. Some of the cues to action that can be related and combined to the interventions in the intervention wheel model include access to health promotional materials, health teaching and education, community health programs, and social marketing, among others. These are common factors that can invite a person to respond towards a change of behavior for quality health. Other cues that may not be within the intervention wheel model’s list include exposure to affected people and internal factors such as bad feelings due to an adverse health condition. This indicates that the two public health models concentrate on the external factors contributing to improved public health quality, such as health education and health awareness.
Differences
The difference between the two models is that the health belief model concentrates only on individual decisions and capabilities in changing behaviors for positive health outcomes. In contrast, the intervention wheel model focuses on all levels as key contributors to health quality improvement. The health belief model focuses on personal perceptions and efficacies that can influence changes in public health. The intervention belief model focuses on the three levels, including individuals, community, and the systems as important players in the health and wellbeing of the public. This shows that the health belief model does not consider public policies in improving the quality of care. Policies and regulations are not negotiable, and thus the individuals will change the behaviors not by choice but by the law. For instance, even though a person may consider being unsusceptible to COVID-19, the government policy to initiate lockdown and wearing of masks will contribute to the change of behavior that would not change according to the HBM.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the intervention wheel model carries all nursing practices in whole for public health and wellbeing. It puts emphasis on the three levels including the individual or family level, community level, and systems level. This shows that responsibilities and interventions to public health are attached to every level. The 17 interventions cover all the three levels and ensures personal physical and emotional wellbeing, community awareness, and system strength in creating an effective platform for public healthcare practices and health related activities within the community. Compared to the health belief model which relies on an individual’s decision, the intervention wheel model focuses on the three levels towards quality community health and thus it is widely applicable in the public health sector.
References
Ceulemans, M., Verbakel, J. Y., van Calsteren, K., Eerdekens, A., Allegaert, K., & Foulon, V. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Results from an Observational Study in Primary Care in Belgium. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6766. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186766
Costa, M. F. (2020). Health belief model for coronavirus infection risk determinants. Revista de Saúde Pública, 54. https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002494
Glavin, K., Schaffer, M. A., & Kvarme, L. G. (2019). The Public Health Intervention Wheel in Norway. Public Health Nursing, 36(6), 819-828. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12657

# Create a Chart in which you compare the following for each resolution you identified Week 2.
All key elements of the assignment are covered in a substantive way.
• Cost of each resolution (This includes
financial cost as well as other costs (labor,
resource utilization intensity, worker burden,
etc.)
• Financial implications of each resolution (Will
this resolution save money or cost more money
for the company, state, government etc.?
Explain how this will occur. If you cannot
find direct costs, it is okay to give estimates
and/or use information from comparable
industries/resolutions)
• Economic (Will the resolution(s) have financial
impact beyond the local level (ie company
level)? If so, explain.
• Resources (What resources are going to be
needed to carry this out? What resources can
be saved or generated?)
• Quality of care
• Patient outcomes
–> The content needs to be comprehensive, accurate, and /or persuasive.
–> The policy brief chart clearly outlines the
required information in an understandable
manner.
–> Major points are stated clearly.
Additional Comments:
The tone is appropriate to the content and assignment.
* Chart uses text appropriate to the target
audience.
* Chart conveys message in terms appropriate to
the target audience.
* Cite 5 scholarly articles/resources using APA format.

COMPETENCIES
7073.2.1 : Implementation Projects
The graduate examines regulatory and compliance requirements for implementing an improvement project comprised of systematic activities and processes that are organized and implemented to improve organizational quality, safety, and performance.
7073.2.2 : Collaboration
The graduate collaborates with internal and external stakeholders to assess the need and readiness for a healthcare improvement project using improvement science methods and practices.
7073.2.4 : Initiating the Project
The graduate synthesizes relevant research, feasibility results, patient preferences, and interdisciplinary stakeholder perspectives to initiate a healthcare improvement project.
INTRODUCTION
After your first course, the remaining specialty courses through your capstone will have a summative assessment that consists of an authentic performance assessment that scaffolds the tasks of the healthcare improvement project (HIP) through the project management lifecycle phases of project initiation, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Each performance assessment will focus on aspects of the proposal you will develop for a healthcare improvement project using a real-world approach to improving healthcare. Each phase will be described in different sections of a healthcare improvement project (HIP) paper.
This task is focused on the knowledge you gained and the deliverables you completed to initiate the proposed HIP using information from a former or current organization. You will describe the collaborative process used to complete the business case analysis by determining the need, feasibility, and organizational readiness for your HIP. As the nursing leader developing the business case analysis in this initiation phase, your end goal is to justify the project.
This task requires the submission of your entire HIP paper template, including the following section(s) of your HIP paper which you will be developing in this performance assessment:
• “Stakeholder Identification”
• “Needs Assessment”
• “Problem Identification”
• “Problem Description”
• “Impact Analysis and Template”
• “SWOT Analysis and Template”
While you must submit your entire paper, you will only be graded on the project initiation section and related appendices. The following sections of the HIP paper template should be completed and submitted as appendices to your HIP paper:
• Impact Analysis Template (Appendix A)
• SWOT Analysis Template (Appendix B)
During your clinical practice experience (CPE), you will have an opportunity to identify project stakeholders (e.g., subject matter experts, colleagues from a former or current organization, faculty, and other nursing professionals) who have agreed to collaborate with you during this phase of your project. You will consult with appropriate stakeholders to complete and submit the “Impact Analysis Template” and “SWOT Analysis Template.” These deliverables will be evaluated in your CPE for completion, not quality. When you submit these deliverables as appendices with your HIP paper in this task, they will be evaluated for content and quality of completion, so please check your work to make sure it meets the requirements for your HIP paper. CPE provides you an opportunity to practice and improve these items before including them in your Task 1 of the performance assessment.
REQUIREMENTS
Your submission must be original. No more than a combined total of 30% of the submission and no more than a 10% match to any one individual source can be directly quoted or closely paraphrased from sources, even if cited correctly. The originality report that is provided when you submit your task can be used as a guide.
You must use the rubric to direct the creation of your submission because it provides detailed criteria that will be used to evaluate your work. Each requirement below may be evaluated by more than one rubric aspect. The rubric aspect titles may contain hyperlinks to relevant portions of the course.
Tasks may not be submitted as cloud links, such as links to Google Docs, Google Slides, OneDrive, etc., unless specified in the task requirements. All other submissions must be file types that are uploaded and submitted as attachments (e.g., .docx, .pdf, .ppt).
Complete the “Healthcare Improvement Project Initiation” section of your healthcare improvement project (HIP) paper by doing the following:
Stakeholder Identification
A. Summarize the process you used to identify three stakeholders who will contribute to the success of your project proposal by becoming members of your project team, including the following information:
• the technique you use to identify the three stakeholders
• a brief description of each stakeholder’s experience or expertise
• the role each stakeholder will have in supporting the proposed healthcare improvement project (HIP)
Note: Do not include the actual names of people.
Needs Assessment
B. Explain the process you used to determine the need for an HIP, including the following:
• the method to capture ideas from stakeholders
• how these ideas were organized into themes
• the process for reaching consensus on the need for a HIP
Problem Identification
C. Present the problem or opportunity that will be the focus of your project and explain the significance of your project to your target population, your organization, and your nursing practice.
Note: Use the problem or opportunity determined by your needs assessment.
Problem Description
D. Describe the background information leading up to the problem or opportunity at your organization.
Impact Analysis and Template
E. Assess the feasibility of implementing the HIP by doing the following:
1. Submit a copy of the “Impact Analysis Template” that you completed during your CPE as Appendix A of your HIP paper.
2. Discuss the feasibility of the HIP using the results of your impact analysis and an interpretation of the impact ratio calculation.
SWOT Analysis and Template
F. Assess the organization’s readiness for the HIP by doing the following:
1. Submit a copy of the “SWOT Analysis Template” that you completed during your CPE as Appendix B of your HIP paper.
2. Describe the process used to complete the SWOT analysis, including how stakeholders or SMEs helped identify the factors that may impact the implementation of the HIP.
3. Describe one internal or external organizational regulatory or one compliance requirement that may impede or facilitate the implementation of your project.
G. Incorporate the following components of APA style and formatting into your paper:
• bias-free language
• objectivity, credibility of sources, and evidence-based approach
• APA-specific rules regarding verb tense, voice, and perspective
• a title page and headers
• APA-specific formatting rules for in-text citations and references, margins, spacing, numbering, and indentation for the title page, main body, and appendices of your paper, including headers, bulleted and numbered lists, and tables and figures
H. Demonstrate professional communication in the content and presentation of your submission.
RUBRIC
A:STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION
NOT EVIDENT
A summary of the process used to identify 3 stakeholders is not provided.
APPROACHING COMPETENCE
The summary does not logically explain the process used to identify 3 stakeholders that will contribute to the success of the project proposal. Or the summary does not include the technique used to identify the stakeholders, the experience or expertise of each stakeholder, or the role each stakeholder will have in supporting the healthcare improvement project.
COMPETENT
The summary logically explains the process used to identify 3 stakeholders that will contribute to the success of the project proposal. The summary includes the technique used to identify the stakeholders, the experience or expertise of each stakeholder, and the role each stakeholder will have in supporting the proposed healthcare improvement project.
B:NEEDS ASSESSMENT
NOT EVIDENT
An explanation of the process used to conduct a needs assessment is not provided.
APPROACHING COMPETENCE
The explanation of the process used to conduct a needs assessment does not represent a logical progression of ideas into themes for the purpose of reaching consensus on the need for a HIP. Or the explanation does not include all given components, or 1 or more of the given components contains inaccurate or irrelevant information.
COMPETENT
The explanation of the process used to conduct a needs assessment represents a logical progression of ideas into themes for the purpose of reaching consensus on the need for a HIP. The explanation includes all given components, which each contain accurate and relevant information.
C:PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
NOT EVIDENT
The submission does not present a problem or opportunity that will be the focus of the project.
APPROACHING COMPETENCE
The submission presents the problem or opportunity that will be the focus of the project but does not logically explain the significance of the project for the target population, the organization, or the nursing practice.
COMPETENT
The submission presents the problem or opportunity that will be the focus of the project and logically explains the significance of the project for the target population, the organization, and the nursing practice.
D:PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
NOT EVIDENT
A description of background information is not provided.
APPROACHING COMPETENCE
The description provides background information leading up to the problem or opportunity at the organization, but the information is not relevant to the candidate’s HIP.
COMPETENT
The description provides background information leading up to the problem or opportunity at the organization, and the information is relevant to the candidate’s HIP.
E1:IMPACT ANALYSIS
NOT EVIDENT
A completed “Impact Analysis Template” is not submitted.
APPROACHING COMPETENCE
A completed “Impact Analysis Template” is submitted, but 1 or more of the components of the impact analysis are not logical or do not relate to the HIP or assessing the feasibility of implementing the project. Or the “Impact Analysis Template” is not submitted as Appendix A of the HIP paper.
COMPETENT
A completed “Impact Analysis Template” is submitted as Appendix A of the HIP paper, and all components of the impact analysis are logical and relate to the HIP and to assessing the feasibility of implementing the project.
E2:IMPACT ANALYSIS RESULTS
NOT EVIDENT
A discussion of the results of the impact analysis is not provided.
APPROACHING COMPETENCE
The discussion of the results of the impact analysis does not accurately assess feasibility of the HIP, is not logical, or does not include an accurate interpretation of the impact ratio calculation.
COMPETENT
The discussion accurately and logically assesses feasibility of the HIP using the results of the impact analysis and includes an accurate interpretation of the impact ratio calculation.
F1:SWOT ANALYSIS
NOT EVIDENT
A completed “SWOT Analysis Template” is not submitted.
APPROACHING COMPETENCE
A completed “SWOT Analysis Template” is submitted, but 1 or more of the elements of the SWOT analysis are not logical or not relevant to either the organization or the HIP. Or the “SWOT Analysis Template” is not submitted as Appendix B of the HIP paper.
COMPETENT
A completed “SWOT Analysis Template” is submitted as Appendix B of the HIP paper, and all elements of the SWOT analysis are logical and relevant to the organization and the HIP.
F2:SWOT ANALYSIS PROCESS
NOT EVIDENT
A description of the process used to complete the SWOT analysis is not provided.
APPROACHING COMPETENCE
The description of the process used to complete the SWOT analysis is not logical or does not logically describe how the key stakeholders or SMEs helped identify factors that may impact the implementation of the HIP. Or the process used was not appropriate for completing a SWOT analysis.
COMPETENT
The description of the process used to complete the SWOT analysis is logical and logically describes how the stakeholders or SMEs helped identify factors that may impact the implementation of the HIP. The process used was appropriate for completing a SWOT analysis.
F3:REQUIREMENTS IMPEDE OR FACILITATE IMPLEMENTATION
NOT EVIDENT
A description of regulatory or compliance requirements is not provided.
APPROACHING COMPETENCE
The description of 1 internal or external organizational regulatory or 1 compliance requirement does not logically address how it may impede or facilitate the implementation of the improvement project or the description does not address at least 1 regulatory or 1 compliance requirement, or the description does not include plausible examples.
COMPETENT
The description of 1 internal or external organizational regulatory or 1 compliance requirement logically addresses how it may impede or facilitate the implementation of the improvement project, including plausible examples.
G:APA STYLE AND FORMAT
NOT EVIDENT
The submission does not incorporate the given APA style and format components as described in the current APA manual.
APPROACHING COMPETENCE
The submission does not accurately or consistently incorporate 1 or more of the given APA style and format components as described in the current APA manual.
COMPETENT
The submission accurately and consistently incorporates all of the given APA style and format components as described in the current APA manual.
H:PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION
NOT EVIDENT
Content is unstructured, is disjointed, or contains pervasive errors in mechanics, usage, or grammar. Vocabulary or tone is unprofessional or distracts from the topic.
APPROACHING COMPETENCE
Content is poorly organized, is difficult to follow, or contains errors in mechanics, usage, or grammar that cause confusion. Terminology is misused or ineffective.
COMPETENT
Content reflects attention to detail, is organized, and focuses on the main ideas as prescribed in the task or chosen by the candidate. Terminology is pertinent, is used correctly, and effectively conveys the intended meaning. Mechanics, usage, and grammar promote accurate interpretation and understanding.

Using a previous chosen Phenomenon of interest (POI), create and summarize a framework for praxis. I will submit previous papers written on this P.O.I. Formulate a conceptual framework for praxis through the use of concept analysis and the integration of scientific theories and models that support speciality advanced nursing practice. Summarize the philosophical, conceptual, theoretical, ethical and complexity science theories that form the Framework for Praxis. The identified Phenomenon of Interest, as well as the concept selected, will be included in this model.
Do you have experience in graduate level nursing papers? My topic was centered around the use of isopropyl alcohol to reduce nausea in the post anesthesia and emergency setting.
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Solution
Framework for Praxis
The selected Phenomenon of Interest (POI) is the use of a non-pharmacological therapy to treat nausea. The POI focuses on using isopropyl alcohol to reduce nausea in post-anesthesia and emergency settings. Various studies have established that isopropyl alcohol can be used as an inhalant to alleviate nausea and vomiting in the pediatric and adult populations (Dalrymple, 2020). The nasal inhalation of isopropyl alcohol is a traditional alternative antiemetic used to alleviate postoperative nausea. Studies have established the efficacy of isopropyl alcohol in reducing the degree of nausea.
Phenomenon of Interest
The use of inhalation isopropyl alcohol is significant to my Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) specialty since I will be managing patients in the ED and post-anesthesia units who often present with nausea and vomiting. Nausea and vomiting are associated with various adverse effects such as dehydration, acid-base balance, and dehiscence of surgical incisions, which affect patient outcomes and prolong hospitalization (Dalrymple, 2020). Therefore, isopropyl alcohol inhalant in ED and postoperative patients can help reduce these complications, improve health outcomes, patient satisfaction, and reduce hospitalization.
Philosophical Influences
The continental philosophy is my preferred philosophical point of view. Continental philosophy focuses on synthesizing people with society, modernity with history, and speculation with the application (Rohlt, 2017). It is viewed as being closer to the humanistic traditions as well as to literature and art and appears to be more politically involved (Rohlt, 2017). When scientists employing the continental viewpoint discover some truth about a phenomenon, they direct their efforts to uncover the whole truth. Continental philosophers normally tackle broad questions using a synthetic or integrative approach (D’Amico, 2018). They deem specific issues as parts of broader unities and as clearly understood and addressed when integrated into those unities.
The continental viewpoint impacts my POI on using isopropyl alcohol as a non-pharmacological treatment for nausea and vomiting. For instance, I have used the concept of the continental view by applying knowledge on modern science to generate knowledge on the non-pharmacological therapies that can alleviate nausea in patients. The treatment modality was first discovered, and it is employed globally to manage patients with nausea (D’Amico, 2018). If patients use isopropyl alcohol in hospital settings and at home to alleviate nausea, then the world will have adopted and embraced the non-pharmacological approach. It will become a continental standpoint that every patient should use isopropyl alcohol to manage nausea owing to its fewer side effects than pharmacological treatments.
Ethical Framework
An ethical framework refers to established principles and values that offer a solid basis for ethical and safe practice within the nursing profession. Ethical decision-making is employed in situations where the right decision is not apparent or where there are conflicts of rights and duties (Copeland, 2019). An ethical framework for addressing ethical dilemmas ensues. The utilitarianism ethical framework will guide my FNP practice. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory proposing that a situation’s value is decided by its implications (Marseille & Kahn, 2019). Therefore, the outcome of an intervention rather than the intervention is used as the criterion for determining the value of that action. The principle of utility is a basic concept of utilitarianism. Utility proposes that action must result in the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people involved in a situation (Marseille & Kahn, 2019). In this case, ‘good’ refers to a positive benefit. The utilitarianism framework is a common approach in ethical decision-making, particularly decisions whose consequences will affect many people. It directs one to weigh the various levels of good and bad that will result from our actions.
Ethical principles are doctrines that govern our actions. Ethical principles associated with the utilitarianism framework include beneficence and nonmaleficence. Beneficence refers to the moral duty to promote good and prevent harm (Copeland, 2019). The elements of beneficence are to offer benefit and balance benefits and harms. Therefore, the potential benefits should be weighed against potential harms before implementing an action when applying the utilitarianism approach. Nonmaleficence refers to the moral duty to cause no harm to other individuals, including potential and actual harm (Copeland, 2019). Nonmaleficence guides decision-making about actions to take to prevent causing more harm than good. In the utilitarianism framework, nonmaleficence applies to ensure that the results of an action will have a reasonable prospect of benefit.
Theoretical Influences
Grand nursing theories integrate relationships, explanations, principles, and ideas developed through nursing care and practice. They offer knowledge and guidance in providing high-quality and improved patient care (Wills, 2019). Middle-range theories are developed from a set of related ideas engrossed in the limited dimension of nursing realism (Russo et al., 2020). The selected Grand nursing theory is that the non-pharmacological modalities can manage and alleviate nausea and are as effective as medical treatments. The theory will be applied in the POI to create a relationship with nurses and patients by utilizing their knowledge to identify the modality suitable for nausea with no side effects (Wills, 2019). Besides, the theory can be applied to create ideas that will provide patients with high-quality care in emergency and postoperative settings. The selected middle range theory is the Deliberative Nursing Process. The theory centers on the patient’s immediate need for help regarding current stressors (Russo et al., 2020). Therefore, non-pharmacological modalities to alleviate nausea in vomiting can be put into practice founded on nursing knowledge from various spheres, including clinical, educational, and cultural.
Complexity theory is a group of individual agents free to operate in ways that are not entirely predictable and whose actions are interrelated. The action of one agent alters other agents’ context. The complexity theory recognizes the impact of the various factors impacting health while appreciating the uniqueness of every nursing interaction (Butts & Rich, 2018). Complexity science refers to the most recent generation of systems thinking and studying complex systems. The systems center on the relationships of the components of the systems. A complex adaptive system (CAS) is a more complex system with a powerful network of interactions (Butts & Rich, 2018). The CAS’s adaptability is evident when people and their behavior change are consistent with the change-prompting the collections of events.
A CAS related to the POI include action research and appreciative inquiry. Action research integrates an options perception to modify an organization’s patterns by involving key stakeholders (Butts & Rich, 2018). Most stakeholders are interested in protecting financial assets. Thus, treatment approaches that might secure the organization’s assets will be viewed as a procedural change. Appreciative inquiry is a complex CAS that employs a scientific model to establish what works and what is not founded on an organization’s history (Butts & Rich, 2018). In the POI, understanding the nausea treatment interventions that have worked in the past and what can improve the quality of care can steer the organizations’ approach to use isopropyl alcohol.
Concept Map of Praxis Framework
The POI of the praxis framework is using isopropyl alcohol inhalant to reduce nausea in patients in the post-anesthesia and emergency setting. The concept that I chose to relate to the POI includes evidence-based studies that establish that inhaling isopropyl alcohol is a possible treatment for vomiting and nausea in EDs and post-anesthesia units compared to traditional antiemetics. The continental philosophy influences the POI on focusing on non-pharmacological treatments to alleviate nausea. The Grand nursing theory for the framework is that all non-pharmacological modalities can manage and prevent nausea and are as effective as medical treatments, while the middle range theory will be the Deliberative nursing process. Lastly, the utilitarianism ethical framework will guide my FNP practice by focusing on the ethical principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence.
Concept Map
Concept Analysis
Evidence-based studies establish that the inhalation of isopropyl alcohol is a possible treatment for vomiting and nausea in EDs and post-anesthesia units .compared to traditional antiemetics.
POI
Using Isopropyl alcohol inhalant to reduce nausea in post-anesthesia and ED
Theoretical Influences
Grand Nursing Theory- All non-pharmacological modalities can manage and prevent nausea and are as effective as medical treatments.
Middle Range theory- Deliberative nursing process
Complexity theory- Recognizes the impact of the various factors on health while appreciating every nursing interaction’s uniqueness.
Ethical Framework
Utilitarianism framework
Principles- Beneficence and nonmaleficence
Philosophical Influences
The continental philosophy influences the POI on focusing on non-pharmacological treatments to alleviate nausea.
Praxis Framework
References
Butts, J., & Rich, K. (2018). Philosophies and theories for Advanced Nursing Practice (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Copeland, D. (2019). Moral ecology in nursing: A pluralistic approach. SAGE Open Nursing, 5, 2377960819833899. https://doi.org/10.1177/2377960819833899
Dalrymple, R. A. (2020). Inhaling isopropyl alcohol from alcohol wipes was a more effective antiemetic than oral ondansetron in nauseated adults. Archives of disease in childhood. Education and practice edition, 105(3), 190–191. https://doi-org.libproxy.usouthal.edu/10.1136/archdischild-2019-316913
D’Amico, R. (2018). Contemporary continental philosophy. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429501388
Marseille, E., & Kahn, J. G. (2019). Utilitarianism and the ethical foundations of cost-effectiveness analysis in resource allocation for global health. Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine: PEHM, 14(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13010-019-0074-7
Rohlt, T. (2017). On the Divide: Analytic and continental philosophy of music. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 75(1), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/jaac.12331
Russo, I., Pellathy, D., & Omar, A. (2020). Managing Outsourced Reverse Supply Chain Operations: Middle?Range Theory Development. Journal of Supply Chain Management.
Wills, E. M. (2019). Overview of grand nursing theories. Theoretical Basis for Nursing. 5th ed. China: Wolters Kluwer, 116-158.

Describe data security and privacy threats within a health care system. What are the most common causes of health information system breaches, and how can these be prevented?
Explain data security and privacy threats within a health care system.
Analyze the effect of risk assessments within an organization.
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Solution
Security and Privacy threats within Health care system
The health record system requires adequate safeguarding to ensure that information is available when needed and that it is not disclosed, accessed, altered, or deleted while being stored or retrieved, or transmitted (Wang, 2013). Security measures need to be put in place to ensure that the safety of data is guaranteed. Health sectors are required to comply with privacy and security standards. Data breaches are the most widespread privacy risk that arises from the loss of control of data, either in electronic or paper form. Some of the major healthcare data breaches and threats to data privacy and security include theft of data, unauthorized access, inappropriate disposal of data, hacking IT incidences, loss of records and equipment containing sensitive information among others (Tentori, Favela, & Rodríguez, 2006).
Prevention of Health information breaches
Healthcare data breaches can be prevented by carrying out an annual security risk analysis to detect any form of vulnerability within the healthcare system. It is also important to create and implement a response plan to avoid escalations when a breach occurs. This will provide clear guidelines for the necessary decisions as well as follow-up measures. Limited access to healthcare records is also one way of preventing healthcare data breaches. Users should be identified and their activities tracked by ensuring that the right procedures for logging in and out are used. Other measures include updating software regularly, creating subnetworks, reviewing service-level agreements, and encrypting data (Rothstein, Talbott, 2007).
Effects of Risk Assessment in an organization
Risk assessment helps in the identification of hazards that could possibly have a negative impact on the ability of an organization to carry out its business activities. By carrying out a risk assessment, an organization will be able to recognize and control hazards within the workplace. Awareness among employees will be created and they will know how to go about in case a risk occurs (Wellington, 2013). The risk assessment will also ensure that the right management standards are put in place based on acceptable safe practices and legal requirements. Risk incidences will be reduced in the workplace leading to saving on the cost through proactive measures.
References
Wang, J. (2013). A Research on Security and Privacy Issues for Patient-Related Data in Medical Organization System. International Journal of Security and Its Applications, 2013. 7(4): p. 287-298.
Wellington, K., (2013). Cyberattacks on Medical Devices and Hospital Networks: Legal Gaps and Regulatory Solutions. Santa Clara High Tech. LJ, 2013. 30: p. 139
Tentori, M., Favela, J., & Rodríguez, M.D. (2006) Privacy-Aware Autonomous Agents for Pervasive Healthcare, IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol.21, no.6, pp 55 – 62
Rothstein, M.A., Talbott, M.K. (2007). Compelled Authorizations for Disclosure of Health Records: Magnitude and Implications, The American Journal of Bioethics, vol.7, no.3, pp 38-45

Shadow Health: Digital Clinical Experience Orientation
Shadow Health: Digital Clinical Experience Orientation
Within the Shadow Health platform, complete the Digital Clinical Experience Orientation. Upon completion, submit the lab pass through the assignment dropbox.
You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.
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Experience Overview
Student Performance Index Score: 2.0 of 2.0 (100.0%)
Time
19 minutes spent interacting with patient
10 minutes spent in post-exam activities
29 minutes total spent in assignment
Examination
No interview questions were asked
1 empathetic statement made
1 educational statement made
13 tool and tests conducted
Documentation
No documentation was written
Transcript
Started: Dec 06, 2019 | Total Time:19 min
hello, my name is Chinwe, and I am here to interview and examine you.
Greet
12/06/19 9:59 AM MST
Hey.
Treating high cholesterol helps lower your risk of stroke.
Educate
12/06/19 10:01 AM MST
Thanks for telling me.
It sounds like that was a challenging time for you.
Empathize
12/06/19 10:03 AM MST
Thanks.
Examined right eye.
Exam Action
12/06/19 10:06 AM MST
Examined left eye.
Exam Action
12/06/19 10:06 AM MST
Percussed posterior left upper chest wall
Exam Action
12/06/19 10:08 AM MST
Percussed posterior right upper chest wall
Exam Action
12/06/19 10:08 AM MST
Percussed posterior left middle chest wall
Exam Action
12/06/19 10:08 AM MST
Percussed posterior right middle chest wall
Exam Action
12/06/19 10:08 AM MST
Percussed posterior left lower chest wall
Exam Action
12/06/19 10:08 AM MST
Percussed posterior left lower chest wall
Exam Action
12/06/19 10:08 AM MST
Percussed posterior left lower chest wall
Exam Action
12/06/19 10:08 AM MST
Percussed posterior right lower chest wall
Exam Action
12/06/19 10:08 AM MST
Percussed posterior right lower chest wall
Exam Action
12/06/19 10:08 AM MST
Percussed posterior right lower chest wall
Exam Action
12/06/19 10:08 AM MST
CompletedOrientation
Objective Data Collection: 2 of 2 (100%)
Correct
Partially correct
Incorrect
Missed
Inspected pupils
1 of 1 point
Observations With Penlight (1/1 point)
No visible abnormal findings (PERRL)
Unequal
Irregular
Miosis
Mydriasis
Non-reactive to light
Percussed chest wall
1 of 1 point
Observations (1/2 point)
All areas resonant
Some areas dull, some resonant
Location (1/2 point)
No areas of dullness
Dullness, anterior right upper lobe
Dullness, anterior right lower lobe
Dullness, anterior left upper lobe
Dullness, anterior left lower lobe
Dullness, posterior right upper lobe
Dullness, posterior right lower lobe
Dullness, posterior left upper lobe
Dullness, posterior left lower lobe
Hallway Interaction Activity Time: 2 min
Diana
Your Preceptor
Hi there! How would you like to improve your interprofessional communication skills within the DCE?
This is you.
Ask open-ended questions
Multiple Choice Question Activity Time: 1 min
Select the right answer from the available choices.
Correct:We are here to support you as you develop your clinical reasoning and therapeutic communication skills. If at any time you have questions or concerns, please contact us! There is a direct link to our Help Desk in the upper right hand corner of your screen.
Wrong Answer
Right Answer (Correct Response)
Wrong Answer
Wrong Answer
Open Text Question Activity Time: 4 min
Please describe what you look forward to most in your upcoming activities within the DCE.
Student Response: Learn how to properly interview and examine a patient.
Model Note: There are many opportunities to learn and practice your clinical skills within the DCE, and we hope you are looking forward to all of them!
Reflection Prompt Activity Time: 3 min
How do you think the DCE can help you improve your clinical reasoning skills?
Student Response: By equipping me with the knowledge and skills to perform proper health interviews and assessments.
Description:
View the GCU Library tutorial.
Optional: Breastfeeding
Description:
For additional information, the following is recommended:
“Breastfeeding,” located on the National Women’s Health Information Center website. Familiarize yourself with the reasons why breastfeeding is important and the resources that are available for patients.
Optional: Family History Resources
Description:
For additional information, the following is recommended:
“Family History Resources,” located on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.
Optional: Never Shake a Baby Educational Video
Description:
For additional information, the following is recommended:
“Never Shake a Baby Educational Video,” by warrenman4u (2008), located on the YouTube website. In particular, familiarize yourself with prevention of abuse.
Optional: 14 Diseases You Almost Forgot About Thanks to Vaccines
Description:
For additional information, the following is recommended:
Health Literacy Basics for Health Professionals
Description:
Watch “Health Literacy Basics for Health Professionals,” by VHC Primary Care (2014), located on the YouTube website.
A Comprehensive Newborn Examination: Part I. General, Head and Neck, Cardiopulmonary
Description:
Read “A Comprehensive Newborn Examination: Part I. General, Head and Neck, Cardiopulmonary,” by Lewis, from
American Family Physician (2014).
A Comprehensive Newborn Examination: Part II. Skin, Trunk, Extremities, Neurologic
Description:
Read “A Comprehensive Newborn Examination: Part II. Skin, Trunk, Extremities, Neurologic,” by Lewis, from
American Family Physician (2014).
Loom
Description:
Utilize Loom to complete the topic assignment. Refer to the resource, “Loom,” located in the Student Success Center, for additional guidance on recording your presentation.