Nursing

Critiquing A Change Effort
Critiquing A Change Effort
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As a nurse leader, you need to have the skills and knowledge to collaborate and communicate with those who plan for and manage change. This capacity is valuable in any health care setting and for many different types of change. Furthermore, it is essential to be able to evaluate a change effort and determine if it is promoting improved outcomes and making a positive difference within the department or unit, or for the organization as a whole.
To prepare:
· Review Chapters 7 and 8 in the course text. Focus on the strategies for planning and implementing change in an organization, as well as the roles of nurses, managers, and other health care professionals throughout this process.
· Reflect on a specific change that has recently occurred in your organization or one in which you have worked previously. What was the catalyst or purpose of the change?
· How did the change affect your job and responsibilities?
· Consider the results of the change and whether or not the intended outcomes have been achieved.
· Was the change managed skillfully? Why or why not? How might the process have been improved?
On the Week 4 Discussion Board, post on a summary of a specific change within an organization and describe the impact of this change on your role and responsibilities. Explain the rationale for the change, and whether or not the intended outcomes have been met. Assess the management of the change, and propose suggestions for how the process could have been improved.
Course Readings/ Resources
· Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2015). Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
o Chapter 7, “Strategic and Operational Planning” Chapter 8, “Planned Change”
· McAlearney, A., Terris, D., Hardacre, J., Spurgeon, P. Brown, C., Baumgart, A., Nyström, M. (2014). Organizational coherence in health care organizations: Conceptual guidance to facilitate quality improvement and organizational change. Quality Management in Health Care, 23(4), 254-267 doi: 10.1097/QMH.0b013e31828bc37d
· Mitchell, G. (2013). Selecting the best theory to implement planned change. Nursing Management – UK,20(1), 32-37. doi: 10.7748/nm2013.04.20.1.32.e1013
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· Shirey, M. R. (2013). Lewin’s Theory of Planned Change as a strategic resource. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 43(2), 69-72. doi:10.1097/NNA.0b013e31827f20a9

Health Economics Review Paper
Health Economics Review Paper
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Role of Health Economics Literature Review Paper
Research a variety of scholarly peer-reviewed articles that discuss the role of economics in the healthcare industry and the characteristics of the United States healthcare system.
Select one article to complete an in-depth literature review.
Write a 700- to 1,050-word economic analysis brief about the article, including the following
A discussion of the key elements covered in the article
An assessment of the economic policy recommendations for healthcare stakeholders to consider from this article.
Include at least three reputable current references to support your literature review.
Format your Role of Health Economics Literature Review Paper assignment according to APA guidelines.
Submit to the Role of Health Economics Literature Review Paper Assignment Files tab.
DHA 721 WEEK 5 Economic Evaluations Literature Review Paper
Research a variety of scholarly peer-reviewed articles that discuss the role of economic evaluations in the healthcare industry and identify the major types of health outcomes that can be used in economic evaluation analysis.
Select one article to complete an in-depth literature review.
Write a 700- to 1,050-word economic analysis brief about the article, including the following
A discussion of the key elements covered in the article
An assessment of the economic policy recommendations for healthcare stakeholders to consider from this article.
Include at least three reputable current references to support your literature review.
Format your assignment according to APA guidelines.
Submit to the Assignment Files tab.
DHA 721 WEEK 7 Impact of Government Economic Policy in Healthcare Literature Review Paper
Research a variety of scholarly peer-reviewed articles that discuss the role and impact of government economic policy in healthcare.
Select one article to complete an in-depth literature review.
Write a 700- to 1,050-word economic analysis brief about the article, including the following:
A discussion of the key elements covered in the article
An assessment of the economic policy recommendations for healthcare stakeholders to consider from this article.
Include at least three reputable current references to support your literature review.
Format your assignment according to APA guidelines.
Submit to the Assignment Files tab.

Cardiovascular disorders: Case Study
Cardiovascular disorders: Case Study
Cardiovascular disorders: Case Study
Week 4 discussion This week you have learned about common cardiovascular disorders in the Adult and Geriatric patient. For the purpose of this discussion select one of the following cardiovascular disorders and provide the following in your initial post: Common Signs and symptoms seen Screening assessment tools Recommended diagnostic tests (if any) Treatment plans both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic based on current clinical practice guidelines Cardiovascular disorders: CHF Valve disorders Angina PVD
What Are Cardiovascular Diseases?
are conditions that affect the structures or function of your , such as:
, or arrhythmias
and
(narrowing of the )
Heart muscle disease ()
Peripheral vascular disease
(blood vessel disease)
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. It’s important to learn about your heart to help prevent it. If you have it, you can live a healthier, more active life by learning about your disease and taking care of yourself.
Types of cardiovascular disease can have various causes, so it’s important to know the difference.
Abnormal Heart Rhythms
The heart is an amazing organ. It beats in a steady, even rhythm, about 60 to 100 times each minute. That’s about 100,000 times each day. Sometimes your heart gets out of rhythm. Your doctor calls an irregular or abnormal heartbeat an . An arrhythmia (also called a dysrhythmia) can bring on an uneven heartbeat or a heartbeat that is either too slow or too fast.
Aorta Disease and Marfan Syndrome
The aorta is the large artery that leaves your heart and brings oxygen-rich blood to the rest of your body. These two conditions can cause the aorta to widen or tear. This raises the chance of things like:
Atherosclerosis (hardened arteries)
Connective tissue disorders that can weaken your blood vessel walls, such as , osteogenesis imperfecta, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and
Injury
If you have aorta disease, you’ll need a team of specialists and surgeons to take part in your treatment.
Cardiomyopathies
This is the term for diseases of the heart muscle. They’re sometimes simply called enlarged heart. People with these conditions have hearts that are unusually big, thick, or stiff. Their hearts can’t pump blood as well as they should. Without treatment, get worse. They can lead to heart failure and abnormal heart rhythms.
Cardiomyopathy may sometimes run in families, but it can also be caused by high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, metabolic diseases, or infections.

Discussion: Dermatology disorders
Discussion: Dermatology disorders
Discussion: Dermatology disorders
Week 7 discussion This week you have learned about common Dermatology disorders in the Adult and Geriatric patient. For the purpose of this discussion select one of the following Dermatology and provide the following in your initial post: Common Signs and symptoms seen Screening assessment tools Recommended diagnostic tests (if any) Treatment plans both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic based on current clinical practice guidelines Dermatology: Herpes Zoster Melanoma Tinea
Skin disorders vary greatly in symptoms and severity. They can be temporary or permanent, and may be painless or painful. Some have situational causes, while others may be genetic. Some skin conditions are minor, and others can be life-threatening.
While most skin disorders are minor, others can indicate a more serious issue. Contact your doctor if you think you might have one of these common skin problems.
A dermatologist is a doctor that specializes in treating skin, hair, nail, and mucous membrane disorders. There are currently around 8,500 qualified dermatologists in the United States.
A dermatologist can also provide support for cosmetic issues, helping patients to revitalize the appearance of their skin, hair, and nails.
Skin Protects Us
The skin, along with hair and nails, is the protective covering of the body. In addition, the skin prevents germs from entering the body and damaging internal organs. Skin supports the life of all other body parts and plays a role in maintaining the immune system.
Skin also helps to regulate body temperature through the sweat glands. When the body becomes overheated, sweat glands give off moisture (perspiration), which cools the body as it evaporates. As the body part responsible for the sense of touch, the skin works with the nervous system to alert the body to potential dangers by detecting pressure, pain, heat, and cold.
When exposed to the sun’s ultraviolet rays, the skin manufactures Vitamin D, an essential vitamin for healthy skin. Vitamin D promotes the body’s absorption of calcium, which is essential for the normal development of healthy teeth and bones.

Assignment: Research Process Unit4
Assignment: Research Process Unit4
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1. Which design uses no control group and no random selection?
a. true experimental
b. quasi-experimental
c. pre-experimental
d. causal-comparative
2. What is an example of a true experimental design?
a. pretest posttest control group design
b. one-group pretest posttest design
c. one-shot case study design
d. nonequivalent control group design
3. What term is synonymous with internal validity?
a. generalizability
b. accuracy
c. reliability
d. control
4. Most threats to ______________ are taken care of by the experiment’s design, while most threats to _____________ need to be taken care of by the designer of the experiment.
a. internal validity, external validity
b. external validity, internal validity
c. randomization, reliability
d. reliability, randomization
5. Jim was coming down with a cold and decided to take his friend’s advice and drink hot lemon
juice with a dash of salt to help his throat. Jim’s experimentation can be categorized as what
type of research?
a. one-group pretest posttest design
b. quasi-experimental
c. one-shot case study
d. pretest posttest control group design
6. The experimental design that uses one group, a treatment, and a posttest is called
_____________.
a. one-shot case study design
b. pretest posttest control group design
c. Solomon four-group design
d. one-group pretest posttest design
7. The experimental design that uses one group and a pretest and posttest is called
______________.
a. one-group pretest posttest design
b. posttest only control group design
c. Solomon four-group design
d. one-shot case study
8. Which allows for in-depth examination of specific behaviors?
a. nonequivalent control group design
b. static group comparison
c. single-subject design
d. one-group pretest posttest design
9. Which of the following notes that the treatment is reintroduced?
a. ABA
b. ABC
c. ABAB
d. ABAC
10. What is the primary advantage of ABAB design?
a. addressing ethical concerns
b. lower cost
c. less time involved
d. easier training
11. If it is not possible to randomize or administer a pretest, what is the best choice of design?
a. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA)
b. static group design
c. nonequivalent control group design
d. Solomon four-group design
12. What is one suggested limitation of the single subject design?
a. significant expense
b. internal validity
c. external validity
d. None of the above.
13. Single-subject designs have roots in which of the following views of development?
a. Piagetian
b. behavioral
c. organismic
d. social learning
14. Which of the following would NOT be considered a major section of a research proposal?
a. terminology
b. a review of the literature
c. the method
d. implications and limitations
15. Which part of a research proposal is included at the author’s discretion?
a. introduction
b. implications and limitations
c. review of literature
d. method
16. Which is NOT a common criticism of research articles?
a. data collection not carefully controlled
b. weaknesses in design of research
c. hypothesis was not interesting
d. limitations of the study were not stated
17. Which of the following would be found in the method section?
a. introduction
b. running head
c. rationale for the research
d. participants
18. Which of the following would be found in the introduction section?
a. current status of topic
b. problem statement
c. timeline
d. research design
19. Which of the following would be found in the literature review section?
a. current status of topic
b. problem statement
c. timeline
d. research design
20. In what order are multiple authors listed on a manuscript?
a. alphabetically
b. order of contribution
c. alphabetically by institution
d. ranked by number of publications
21. A shortened title which appears at the top of each manuscript page is called a(n)
_____________.
a. abstract
b. running head
c. introduction
d. reference
22. How many words in length should your abstract be?
a. 50
b. 120
c. 300
d. There is no limit.
23. All tables and graphs to be used in the manuscript usually appear in which section?
a. references
b. method
c. discussion
d. results
24. In a manuscript, the hypothesis ______________.
a. is not always stated
b. is stated in the method section
c. may be found in the introduction
d. both a and c
25. Manuscripts should be _______________.
a. single-spaced
b. double-spaced
c. triple-spaced
d. half-spaced

Assignment: Preschool Plan
Assignment: Preschool Plan
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Preschool Plan
For this Final Project, you will be given the opportunity to pull together everything you have learned these past five weeks into a cohesive classroom plan for a three- to five- year-old preschool program. The following is the make-up of your classroom.
You have 12 students total:
Eight students are typically developing.
One student has an Autism Spectrum Disorder.
One student exhibits the following behaviors but has not been diagnosed with any particular learning need or disability.
Limited language
Jumps from activity to activity
Engages only in parallel play
One student who has a Sensory Processing Disorder (e.g. she is sensitive to light, sound, smells, and textures such as paint, sand, glue, and clothing and she avoids physical proximity to people).
One student who is both cognitively and linguistically advanced.
For this classroom plan, you must show your administration or director that you have the necessary strategies in place to effectively instruct each of your 12 students based on their individual needs. You will present this in the form of a PowerPoint presentation. The presentation will be 14 to 16 slides (not including title and reference slides), one slide for each of the following elements:
A title slide
A reference slide
Create a mission statement regarding developmentally appropriate practices with three- to five-year-olds (i.e. what is DAP and how does it apply to your teaching of these children?)
An outline of the laws governing exceptional children that impact your instruction
A description of the classroom environment you will provide for these 12 children
A discussion of how you will communicate with the families of your students in order to meet the individual needs of each child
A description of two to three specific instructional approaches you will utilize in your instruction, as well as why you feel your chosen approaches will be effective
An explanation of your instructional techniques/plans for the eight typically developing students
A description of your instructional plan, including accommodations, modifications, and services available to your student who has an Autism Spectrum Disorder
A discussion of your instructional plan, including accommodations, modifications and services available to your student who exhibits certain behaviors but has not been diagnosed
An explanation of your instructional plan, including accommodations, modifications and services available to your student who has a Sensory Processing Disorder
A description of your instructional plan, including modifications/extensions for your student who is cognitively and linguistically advanced
Create a sample lesson plan (use the ) showing how you will meet the needs of all learners for your chosen lesson (remember, the lesson you choose must be developmentally appropriate)
An explanation of why you feel you have a comprehensive plan for meeting the needs of all of your students
You are encouraged to creatively address the material by including graphics, charts, and/or graphs. This presentation must be formatted according to APA style, including the title and reference slides and citing within slides when applicable. The notes section of the PowerPoint should be utilized in order to effectively elaborate on each necessary component. Lastly, you must use at least five scholarly resources (e.g. peer-reviewed journal article, book, website for a special education organization, etc.) as well as the course text. Remember to cite your sources throughout the presentation in order to support your ideas.

Assignment: Software Application Process
Assignment: Software Application Process
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Software Application Process in Health Care Organization
Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper on the evolution of a software application currently used in a health care organization.
Select one of the following organizations to complete the paper:
Your own health care organization
Another health care organization, such as a clinic, surgical center, hospital, imaging center, cancer center, etc
The Moreno Medical Center Virtual Organization
Note: Contact the instructor early in the week to discuss any issues or challenges with selecting an organization.
Explain how the software application process functioned before the software application was implemented, or changed with a new software product and vendor. Software Application Process in Health Care Organization
Diagram the timeline and decision makers involved in recognizing system vulnerabilities. Address the following:
Identify viable alternatives and select the initial and current optimal software.
Insert the diagram as a table or figure.
Format both the paper and diagram consistent with APA guidelines.
Submit to the Software Application Process in Health Care Organization Assignment Files tab.
DHA 723 WEEK 7 Electronic Health Records Summary
Select two segments of the videos that you watched in the Electronic Health Records Video Discussion team activity in Week 6.
Reflect on your team’s discussion of the pros and cons of the speakers’ statements.
Write a 525- to 700-word summary addressing the following:
Recapitulate your viewpoint.
Articulate your rationale for agreeing or disagreeing with the speakers
Describe how to apply the speakers’ ideas into the organization that you selected in Week 3.
Support your summary using the course readings, scholarly research, and personal experience.
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
Submit to the Assignment Files tab.
DHA 723 WEEK 8 Achieving Post Implementation Adoption
Read the University of Phoenix Material: Strategic Plan Proposal.
Write, using the information in the Strategic Plan Proposal, a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper outlining a proposal for a health care initiative.
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
Submit to the Assignment Files tab.

HealthCare Contemporary Issues Proposal
HealthCare Contemporary Issues Proposal
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Select a significant contemporary issue in health care relevant to current and future generations. Review of the Concept Paper Tab of the Dissertation Criteria and Rating Scale is useful for this assignment. If you have previously completed DOC/721R and written a Concept Paper, you may review the paper to identify strengths and weaknesses in your proposed study.
Reflect on how your proposed study may influence health care marketing (products/services, placement, promotion, pricing, and/or positioning)
Write a 1,750- to 2,450-word paper, analyzing the effect of the issue on consumers and health care organizations’ marketing and propose how the issue could be studied.
Include the following information: Contemporary Issues in Health Care Research Proposal
Introduction: Orientation to the general topic of the proposed study
Background: Discussion about why the research issue is of important social concern or theoretical interest
Problem: Inclusion of a clear statement identifying the need to study the issue and statistics documenting the issue’s scope with credible research published in the past five years. Contemporary Issues in Health Care Research Proposal
Purpose: Inclusion of a clear statement identifying the aim of the study as well as its method (qualitative, quantitative, or mixed) and design (e.g., phenomenological, correlational, descriptive, case study, Delphi, experiment, pre-test/post-test, etc.)
Research questions: One or two broad, open-ended questions for the proposed study that examine the issue, avoiding dichotomous research questions
Significance
General significance: Discussion about the importance of studying the issue as well as the contribution the research may make to current and future studies
Leadership significance: Discussion about how studying the issue may add to the body of leadership knowledge and literature
Conceptual Framework: Overview of the conceptual framework that will guide the study.
Research recommendations
Research method: Identification and defense of a suggested quantitative, qualitative, or mixed method for the proposed study
Research design: Identification and defense of an appropriate research design (e.g., phenomenological, ethnographic, descriptive, exploratory, correlational, etc.) for the proposed study
Sample/Venue: Identification and defense of an appropriate sample and location for the proposed study
Data collection: Identification and defense of an appropriate data collection strategy for the proposed study
Instrumentation: Identification and defense of appropriate data instrumentation for the proposed study
Conclusion: Explanation of how the proposed study may influence health care marketing
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
Submit a copy of the Plagiarism Checker report with the assignment. Allow yourself time to receive and submit the originality report. If the Plagiarism Checker is down, submit your assignment on time and inform your facilitator via private message. Post the Plagiarism Checker report when it arrives.
Click the Contemporary Issues in Health Care Research Proposal Assignment Files tab to submit your paper and Plagiarism Checker report.

Assignment: Conducting A Z Test
Assignment: Conducting A Z Test
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Castel, A. D., Benjamin, A. S., Craik, F. I. M., & Watkins, M. J. (2002). The effects of aging on selectivity and control in short-term recall. Memory & Cognition, 30, 1078–1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/ BF03194325.
Castel, A. D., Lee, S. S., Humphreys, K. L., & Moore, A. N. (2011). Memory capacity, selective control, and value-directed remembering in children with and without attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuropsychology, 25, 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ a0020298.
Castel, A. D., Murayama, K., Friedman, M. C., McGillivray, S., & Link, I. (2013). Selecting valuable information to remember: Age-related differences and similarities in self- regulated learning. Psychology and Aging, 28, 232–242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0030678.
Dudukovic, N. M., & Knowlton, B. J. (2006). Remember-know judgments and retrieval of contextual details. Acta Psychologica, 122, 160–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2005.11.002.
Dunn, J. C. (2004). Remember-Know: A matter of confidence. Psychological Review, 111, 524–542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033- 295X.111.2.524.
Eldridge, L. L., Knowlton, B. J., Furmanski, C. S., Bookheimer, S. Y., & Engel, S. A. (2000). Remembering episodes: A selective role for the
hippocampus during retrieval. Nature Neuroscience, 3, 1149–1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/80671.
Fawcett, J. M., Lawrence, M. A., & Taylor, T. L. (2016). The representational consequences of intentional forgetting: Impairments to both the probability and fidelity of long-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145(1), 56–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ xge0000128.
Gardiner, J. M., Gawlik, B., & Richardson-Klavehn, A. (1994). Maintenance rehearsal affects knowing, not remembering; elaborative rehearsal affects remembering, not knowing. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1, 107–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03200764.
What is a Z-Test?
A z-test is a statistical test used to determine whether two population means are different when the variances are known and the sample size is large. The test statistic is assumed to have a , and nuisance parameters such as should be known in order for an accurate z-test to be performed.
Understanding Z-Test
A one-sample location test, two-sample location test, paired difference test and maximum likelihood estimate are examples of tests that can be conducted as z-tests. Z-tests are closely related to , but t-tests are best performed when an experiment has a small sample size. Also, t-tests assume the standard deviation is unknown, while z-tests assume it is known. If the standard deviation of the population is unknown, the assumption of the sample equaling the population variance is made.
Hypothesis Test
The z-test is also a hypothesis test in which the z-statistic follows a normal distribution. The z-test is best used for greater than 30 samples because, under the , as the number of samples gets larger, the samples are considered to be approximately normally distributed. When conducting a z-test, the null and alternative hypotheses, alpha and should be stated. Next, the test statistic should be calculated, and the results and conclusion stated.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
A Z-test is a statistical test to determine whether two population means are different when the variances are known and the sample size is large.
It can used to test hypotheses in which the z-test follows a normal distribution.
One-Sample Z-Test Example
For example, assume an investor wishes to test whether the average daily return of a stock is greater than 1%. A simple random sample of 50 returns is calculated and has an average of 2%. Assume the standard deviation of the returns is 2.50%. Therefore, the is when the average, or mean, is equal to 3%.
Conversely, the alternative hypothesis is whether the mean return is greater than 3%. Assume an alpha of 0.05% is selected with a . Consequently, there is 0.025% of the samples in each tail, and the alpha has a critical value of 1.96 or -1.96. If the value of z is greater than 1.96 or less than -1.96, the null hypothesis is rejected.
The value for z is calculated by subtracting the value of the average daily return selected for the test, or 1% in this case, from the observed average of the samples. Next, divide the resulting value by the standard deviation divided by the square root of the number of observed values. Therefore, the test statistic is calculated to be 2.83, or (0.02 – 0.01) / (0.025 / (50)^(1/2)). The investor rejects the null hypothesis since z is greater than 1.96, and concludes that the average daily return is greater than 1%.

Assignment: Values Of Individual Nurses
Assignment: Values Of Individual Nurses
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Prepare a 10-minute presentation (10-15 slides, not including title or reference slide) on organizational culture and values.
Describe how alignment between the values of an organization and the values of the nurse impact nurse engagement and patient outcomes.
Discuss how an individual can use effective communication techniques to overcome workplace challenges, encourage collaboration across groups, and promote effective problem-solving.
Identify a specific instance from your own professional experience in which the values of the organization and the values of the individual nurses did or did not align. Describe the impact this had on nurse engagement and patient outcomes.
While GCU style format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using GCU documentation guidelines, which can be found in the GCU Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
While the elements of nurse planning in a hospital can be defined in many ways, Punnakitikashem suggested that nurse planning (or nurse workforce planning) has four distinct stages: budgeting, scheduling, rescheduling, and assignment . Punnakitikashem defines each of these four stages as follows. Budgeting consists of strategically planning for the number of nurses needed during a fiscal year based on the predicted needs of each hospital unit . Scheduling is the process of assigning individual nurses to a set of shifts over a given time horizon, such as a 28-day period. This stage is what many define as nurse rostering. Rescheduling involves making revisions to the current schedule due to staffing and patient load changes on the unit. This activity is completed by a unit coordinator approximately ninety minutes before the shift begins. Finally, assignment, or nurse-patient assignment, is typically the responsibility of the unit charge nurse who has approximately thirty minutes to assign each nurse (as the primary caregiver) to a set of unit patients at the start of a shift. The focus of this work is on this final stage of nurse planning. To date, nurse-patient assignments have received very little attention in the literature even though they have a direct and immediate impact on nurses’