Medicine

Autonomy is a major principle for health care organizations and individuals. However, there are often conflicts between patient and family member’s autonomy and the provider’s autonomy and decision making. Using the information from your text, discuss arguments for and against patients, family members and health providers being able to practice autonomy in clinical situations.Submit written papers that clearly and concisely answers the question(s) in the assignment.You should include:A cover pageA purpose statementIntroductionSection headersConclusionA minimum of four external referencesInclude a Works Cited/References PageYour work should:Be written professionally, be grammatically correct, and cited appropriately.Reflect a logical process, flow, transitions, structure, and appropriate content.Cohesively, clearly, and comprehensively explain ethical issues relating to healthcare today.Have proper paragraph development, transitions, and academic tone.General Guidelines:Avoid use of I, you, we12-point Times New Roman1-in marginsLeft alignedDouble spacedSpell words out first time used, then abbreviations are acceptableUse complete sentences in the active voiceDo not use contractionsCite appropriately

Autonomy is a major principle for health care organizations and individuals. However, there are often conflicts between patient and family member’s autonomy and the provider’s autonomy and decision making. Using the information from your text, discuss arguments for and against patients, family members and health providers being able to practice autonomy in clinical situations.Submit written papers that clearly and concisely answers the question(s) in the assignment.You should include:A cover pageA purpose statementIntroductionSection headersConclusionA minimum of four external referencesInclude a Works Cited/References PageYour work should:Be written professionally, be grammatically correct, and cited appropriately.Reflect a logical process, flow, transitions, structure, and appropriate content.Cohesively, clearly, and comprehensively explain ethical issues relating to healthcare today.Have proper paragraph development, transitions, and academic tone.General Guidelines:Avoid use of I, you, we12-point Times New Roman1-in marginsLeft alignedDouble spacedSpell words out first time used, then abbreviations are acceptableUse complete sentences in the active voiceDo not use contractionsCite appropriately

Interdisciplinary Paper/Care PlanAssignment Patient Gender/Race Medical condition Situation 1- 69-year old Female Diabetes and heart disease Patient has fallen 3 times in Nursing Home 2- 95-year old Male Depression and anorexia Patient is forgetful and lives alone 3- 73-year old Transgender BPH with hematuria Patient has stage 4 Cancer 4- 102-year old Stage 3 Decubitus ulcer and HOH Patient is widowed and lives in ALF 5- 87-year old Non-Hispanic White Alzheimer’s disease with new dentures Patient is currently employed supporting a family 6- 61-year old 7- Hispanic Arthritis and new colostomy Patient is homeless 8- African American History of Tuberculosis and is legally blind Patient just arrived to the United States and has no health insurance 9- Asian Bipolar and is a smoker of 2 packs of cigarettes a day Patient lives his son and 3 grandchildren 10- White Deaf and mute newly diagnosed with Hyperlipidemia Patient lives in acute care facility 11- Pacific Islander Left BKA and PTSD Patient is wheelchair bound living at home alone Research and organize literature for the Interdisciplinary paper due in week 14. Incorporate health outcomes of the health promotion, detection of disease and disease prevention. Organize an interdisciplinary plan of care for your client and the delivery of safe and effective care. Choose a patient, a gender, a medical condition and a situation of patient condition and their disease process and apply standards that are evidenced based which help support for the protection of your client. Incorporate concepts from Care of the Aging weekly powerpoints and the book-Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging (Toughy & Jett, 2018). Paper should be 3 pages not including title and reference page. Paper should follow APA guidelines with a minimum of 5 references within 5 year span.

The Case of the Sweaty Salesman – Michael is a 30-year old salesman who spends approximately 4 days each week traveling to visit with customers in his region. During his routine physical he casually mentions to his physician that he seems to be sweating more profusely than normal and most rooms that once were comfortable are now too “hot”. He thought that it was simply due to the change in seasons and companies being slow to turn down the thermostats from the winter temperatures, however this problem seems to persist even when he is at home. A room that his wife and children find to be comfortable causes him to sweat profusely. Michael also reports that he seems to be loosing weight even though his appetite has increased. He also complains that he has a shortened attention span and that he always wants to be moving around. Despite the fact that he feels fatigued, Michael claims to have difficulty sleeping and seems to have more frequent bowel movements, occasionally accompanied by diarrhea. The physician checks Michael’s medical history and finds that indeed he has lost 15 pounds since his last physical. Wanting to rule out the possibility of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the physician asks Michael questions about his sexual history and practices and finds that he is not at risk for HIV infection. Also in checking his chart, the physician finds that Michael has a negative history for chronic illnesses, does not smoke, and has a low risk for cardiovascular disease. He does however have a positive family history for autoimmune diseases. His father suffers from idiopathic thrombocytopenia, his mother has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and his oldest sister was recently diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. Results of Michael’s physical examination were within normal ranges with the exception of the following: he demonstrated tachycardia, loud heart sounds, and apparent cardiac arrhythmias accompanied by slight hypertension. These arrhythmias were confirmed by electrocardiogram to be supraventricular in origin. Michael’s eyeballs appeared large and protruding and his hair was fine and soft. He was also beginning to demonstrate some degree of alopecia. Michael was also observed to have palmar erythema. Palpation of the neck revealed the presence of goiter. Results of blood tests indicated elevated concentrations of thyroid hormones (thyroxin and triiodothyronine), hypercalcemia, and decreased circulating concentrations of lipids. Based on the physical characteristics and the results of the blood tests, Michael’s physician suspected that Michael was suffering from some form of hyper-thyroidism and sent him to an endocrinologist to confirm the initial diagnosis. Following the initial consultation and examination, the endocrinologist ordered tests to determine whether Michael was indeed hyperthyroid. The test results indicated an elevation in the concentration of thyroid hormones in the blood and the presence of thyroid-stimulating antibodies. These antibodies specifically stimulate the thyroid gland by binding with the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor located on the plasma membrane of the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. Based on these results, the endocrinologist concluded that Michael had Grave’s disease, a form of hyperthyroidism believed to be autoimmune in nature. Michael was presented with a number of possible treatment options. These included treatment with chemicals (propylthiouracil and methimazole) that decrease the production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland, radioisotopic destruction of the thyroid gland by the use of 131I, and surgical removal of the thyroid gland. After considering all the options, especially the possible effects of radiation on gamete development, Michael chose surgery. Following successful surgery, Michael was prescribed synthetic thyroid hormone to ensure that his body was receiving adequate thyroid hormone and told to return within 2 months for a follow-up evaluation of circulating thyroid hormone concentrations. He was also cautioned to carefully monitor his calcium intake. 1 Define the bold terms in the text. autoimmune diseases: thrombocytopenia: rheumatoid arthritis: alopecia: erythema: hypercalcemia: hyperthyroidism: 2 Thyroid hormones exert their effects on cells in a manner similar to steroid hormones; describe the mechanism of action of thyroid hormones. 3 Evaluate why an imbalance in thyroid hormones have such widespread effects on the body? 4 Propose two ways that allow diagnosis of Michael’s symptoms as goiter. 5 Analyze why calcium homeostasis would be impaired in response to removal of the thyroid gland? 6 Explain why 131I could be used to specifically destroy the thyroid gland and have minimal effects on other cells and tissues in the body? 7 Knowing that Michael and his wife may want to have more children infer/ explain why it was ruled out to use highly radioactive isotope for the destruction of the thyroid gland ? 8 Define the terms ‘Graves Disease’ and ‘goiter’ and explain what causes ‘each. [Goiter has more than one cause.]

Develop an Ayurvedic nutrition program for weight loss. Give details of the 8 factors affecting food, and general dietary guidelines and design an Ayurvedic food program for weight loss which includes all the Ayurvedic food groups. Design some of the Ayurvedic lifestyle changes which you would suggest for the condition of overweight (page length for this paper can be 5-6 pages long). Style format for all written assignments Submit the documents as Word (.doc or .docx) files. The document should be double-spaced, 12 point Times Roman or Courier Fonts. Use APA 6th or 7th edition to format the paper and cite references. References: Frawley, D., & Lad, V. (1992). The yoga of herbs: An ayurvedic guide to herbal medicine. Lotus Press. Ninnivaggi F. (2010). Ayurveda: A comprehensive guide to traditional Indian medicine for the west. Praeger.

Q1 Value: Angiomax is a blood-thinning drug, or anticoagulant, used in emergency coronary heart care. Angiomax is positioned as an alternative to heparin, the most commonly used anticoagulant in emergency coronary heart care, so to assess Angiomax value to a hospital is required to compare these two drugs. First of all is necessary to analyze […]

You are receiving an intra-muscular vaccination in your right deltoid muscle. Examine how the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems participate in host immune defenses?1. Describe the anatomical locations of major organs in the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. 2 Differentiate how blood flow is different from lymph flow. 3. Describe the homeostatic mechanisms that create a microbiota free environment in blood and lymph. 4. Trace the path of the vaccine through the body and describe how it reaches all parts of the body via blood and lymphatic vessels.

Case Study One – Bad Fish: A Case on Nervous Tissue One evening during a recent trip to Indonesia, Dr. Marshall Westwood sat down to a meal of puffer fish and rice. Within an hour of returning to his hotel room, Dr. Westwood felt numbness in his lips and tongue, which quickly spread to his face and neck. Before he could call the front desk, he began to feel pains in his stomach and throat, which produced feelings of nausea and eventually severe vomiting.   Fearing that he had eaten some “bad fish” for dinner, Dr. Westwood called a local hospital to describe his condition.  The numbness in his lips and face made it almost impossible for him to communicate, but the hospital staff managed to at least understand the address he gave them and they sent an ambulance. As Dr. Westwood was rushed to the hospital, his breathing became increasingly labored.   The patient presented in the ED with diaphoresis, motor dysfunction, paresthesias, nausea, and an ascending paralysis that started in his legs and spread to the upper body, arms, face, and head. The patient was cyanotic and hypoventilating. Within 30 minutes of presenting in the ED, Dr. Westwood developed bradycardia with a BP of 90/50 mmHg. Atropine was administered in response to the bradycardia. Intravenous hydration, gastric lavage, and activated charcoal followed a presumptive diagnosis of tetrodotoxin poisoning that was based on the clinical presentation in the ED. Five hours after treatment, the following vital signs were noted: •        BP 125/79 mmHg •        HR 78 bpm •        Oxygen saturation: 97% on room air After discussing his case with his physician, he learned that he had probably been the victim of puffer fish poisoning. The active toxin in the tissues of this fish is a chemical called tetrodotoxin (TTX). Tetrodotoxin is in a class of chemicals known as neurotoxins because it exerts its effects on neurons. The specific action of tetrodotoxin is that it blocks voltage-gated sodium ion channels. Define the following phrases and terms associated with the signs and symptoms of Dr. Westwood’s TTX poisoning: diaphoresis motor dysfunction paresthesias cyanotic hypoventilating  bradycardia gastric lavage oxygen saturation As mentioned in the case description, tetrodotoxin is a molecule that blocks voltage-gated sodium ion channels. What is a voltage-gated sodium ion channel and what is its function? When nerve cells are at rest, there is an unequal amount of positive and negative charges on either side of a nerve cell membrane. This charge difference creates an electrical potential. Describe how the resting membrane potential (resting potential) is generated. What is happening to the electrical potential of a neuron when it generates an action potential? What is the function of the action potential in neurons? Describe the role of sodium ions and sodium channels in generating an action potential. What would happen to a neuron if it was exposed to tetrodotoxin? Be specific regarding its effect on the ability of a neuron to communicate. Now that you have addressed some of the basic biology of this case, explain why Dr. Westwood experienced numbness after eating the puffer fish meal. Paralysis is a term used to describe the loss of muscle function. If tetrodotoxin’s effect is on neurons, why did Dr. Westwood experience paralysis?   Case Study 2 – “My Leg is on Fire”: A Case Study on Spinal and Peripheral Nerve Anatomy Sarah Mitchell is a 68-year-old female who is normally healthy. However, about five days ago she began to feel very fatigued and started to experience a burning and tingling sensation on her right thigh.   You ask to see the area and upon visual inspection you notice 3–4 small, red, swollen areas with vesicles on the posterior aspect of her right thigh. She describes the pain to you, saying “it feels like the back of my leg is on fire and it hurts so bad.” She denies being exposed to any excessive heat sources, any changes in her diet, and any changes in the type of body soap, lotion, or laundry detergent she is using. All other physical findings are within normal limits, but her oral temperature is 100.6?F. She complains about being under a lot of stress for the past three months because she has been helping take care of her husband, who is in the end stages of Alzheimer’s disease. She has no known drug allergies, is a non-smoker, and attends a water aerobics class twice a week. You suspect she may be suffering from a particular viral infection, so you ask if she had chicken pox as a child. Sarah confirms that she had chicken pox and measles during childhood. Her answer confirms your suspicions that she is likely suffering from shingles (herpes zoster) due to varicella-zoster virus infection.   Define the following terms, used in the case and also in associated questions. paresthesia skin vesicle dorsal ventral dormant The list below classifies sensory receptors by the stimulus that activates them. Using your textbook or other resource, name the receptor for each stimulus type. activated by touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch. activated by changes in temperature activated by light or changes in light wavelengths activated by changes in chemical concentrations in a solution activated by tissue injury or situations that may lead to tissue injury Based on what you know about their stimuli, which type of sensory receptor is activated and causing Sarah’s symptoms of pain and paresthesia? The virus infecting Sarah lies dormant in the dorsal root ganglion. What part of a neuron is located in the dorsal root ganglion? Does the dorsal root and its ganglion carry sensory input, motor output, or both? Based on the pattern of skin vesicles and pain, which of Sarah’s peripheral nerves is infected? To which peripheral nerve plexus does this nerve belong? If Sarah had skin vesicles on the anterolateral region of her neck, which peripheral nerve is infected by the virus? To which peripheral nerve plexus does this nerve belong? If Sarah had a viral infection that affected neuron function in the ventral root of the same spinal nerve, how would the signs and symptoms be different than those she has now? If we traced the sensory pathways that carry Sarah’s thigh pain up to her brain, which cerebral lobe AND which part of the cortex would be active when she feels this sensation?

Etymology is the study of word origins and their evolution throughout time.  I have included an article that should stimulate your curiosity about many of the anatomical terms you have heard and may already be using. Step 1: Please read Dr. Wulff’s article Actions  (click the link to download the article) on a brief history of medical terminology. Step 2: Give some thought to the Greek tradition he discusses and choose 2 anatomic terms to research. These terms can come from anywhere; your book, a website, a term you already know, etc. Step 3: For each term, please: List the term Define it List its origin (is it Greek, Latin? etc.) Finally, tell me a bit about the “story” of your chosen terms. Was it named because it looks like something else? Did the name come from a previous form of the word? How did this term develop over time?

Compare the structure and function of the cranial nerves and spinal nerves. Select one cranial nerve and one spinal nerve and describe the specific functions of each. What would happen if those two nerves were not working properly?