Law

Required Textbook: Hagan, Frank E., Research Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology, Pearson Education, Inc., 2014. ISBN: 978-0-13-300861-6. Answer the Review Questions at the end of Chapter 11: APA Formatting, no plagiarism, answer in an essay format, and like teaching others. How does evaluation research fit into the general scheme of policy analysis? Using the NIJ program, what role can research have in public policy debates in criminal justice? Describe the “systems model” of evaluation research. In what way can such a model inform public policy in criminal justice? Evaluation research seldom takes place as planned. Using the discussions in this chapter, elaborate on obstacles to evaluation research in criminal justice.

Module 2 Assignment 2- Parole Board Overview: Overview: For this assignment, you write a summary of the 2017 Parole Hearing about OJ Simpson and write a recommendation about parole. Instructions: Watch the NBC News Stream for the Parole Hearing for OJ Simpson Parole Hearing and then address the following: Note: to view the captions for this video click on the Settings button on the bottom right side of the video screen and select the autogenerated English subtitles. Write a thorough summary of this parole hearing including the factors evaluated by the parole boards in determining whether Mr Simpson should be granted parole. (This summary should be at least 3-4 pages.). Give a recommendation as though you were a parole board member for the inmate in Module 1 that you wrote the PSI report for (Lindsay Lohan, Chris Brown, Lil Kim or Dustin Diamond) whether you would grant parole or not, and your reasons in support of your decision. This recommendation should be 1-2 paragraphs. The entire paper should be approximately 4-5 pages in length, double spaced. Submit your completed assignment to the Module 2 Assignment 2 folder: Summary of NBC Parole Hearing and Parole Recommendation.

In 2-3 paragraphs, compare the punishment options for felonies, misdemeanours, felony-misdemeanours, and infractions. In your opinion, are these punishments just? You are required to post an initial discussion post, answering the entire discussion question or questions,  no later than 11:59 p.m. Wednesday of the discussion week. Students must respond to the discussion posts of at least two of their classmates, no later than 11:59 p.m. Sunday of the discussion week. All initial posts should reference the textbook, Criminal Law, and, at least one outside source. All sources must be cited using APA guidelines. Posts received after 11:59 p.m. Sunday of the discussion week, will be deducted points.

Critical response and knowledge of crime patterns, crime prevention theory and capacity to modify opportunities. Need proper argument with evidence to support. Prefer people with experience with similar work as there is a need for using the crime models/patterns and enough knowledge of criminological research to formulate on heavy empirical literature. 

The purpose of this paper is to present your well-articulated perspective and thoughts from the chapters assigned from the reading. Select a chapter from the assigned reading for the week in which the Chapter Application Paper is due and write an 8-10 page paper that summarizes, synthesizes, and then applies the information from the Chapter to issues/policies relevant to the topic. Each paper must identify the premise and supporting points of the chapter, a synthesis of the information from the chapter, and a critical application of the premise(s) and supporting points from the chapter to an issue of criminal offending. The paper should address Key points, patterns, and trends from the information in the chapter How the chapter information applies to issues of criminal offendingAnalysis of the chapter information from a Christ-centered perspective The organization of your paper is very important. Please follow APA and make sure to use section headings in your paper. Make sure to include a cover page, a reference page, and develop a well-formatted, grammatically correct paper. Your paper must be between 8-10 pages, be well-organized, and be reflective of your thinking and struggles in these very complex areas of dealing with criminal offending.

In 3-4 paragraphs, name and define the three sources of law.  Rank the three sources of law, from highest to lowest. What do you think is the most important? You are required to post an initial discussion post, answering the entire discussion question or questions,  no later than 11:59 p.m. Wednesday of the discussion week. Students must respond to the discussion posts of at least two of their classmates, no later than 11:59 p.m. Sunday of the discussion week.  All initial posts should reference the textbook, Criminal Law, and, at least one outside source. All sources must be cited using APA guidelines. Posts received after 11:59 p.m. Sunday of the discussion week, will be deducted points.

In 2-3 pages, Define criminal and civil law, discuss the difference between each. Provide examples. Use proper APA formatting and citations, including ‘in-text’ citations. Reference at least 2 outside credible resources.

Post 1 (SS): Fibers are a wide range type of evidence. As we move around, fibers are constantly being transferred to people, places and things (Houck, 2015). Fibers are classified as either natural or manufactured. This can help forensic investigators match up fibers to a suspects clothing.The admissibility of all evidence is guided by rules of evidence. The rules of evidence determine what evidence may be admitted, for what uses and under what conditions. The criminal investigation begins when a criminal action begins as a result of activity by the police, prosecutor, or grand jury. Photographs, measurements, witness statements and physical evidence such as firearms, cartridge casings, and bullets found at the scene. Each investigator who handles the evidence must ensure that the chain of custody is maintained and must be able to accurately report on each piece of evidence he or she examines (2009). Forensics become involved in a number of ways such as response to the crime scene and collecting evidence, analysis of the evidence, depositions, and court testimony. Chain of custody is the most important part of handling evidence and presenting it in court. Without the chain of custody or any tampering with this chain, evidence may be thrown out and the qualifications of the forensic investigator may come into question.One challenge that can discredit the evidence is that many types of analysis rely on standard operating procedures meaning that lab reports would be repetitive and unduly consumptive of time (Houck, 2015). Also scientists are called to testify in many situations about methods, procedures, results and conclusions concerning a particular case. If a trial occurs shortly after after the evidence was analyzed, then the scientist should be able to testify directly from memory. There are times that the trial does not occur months or years later and the lab report has to used to memorialize the evidence. The scientist needs to stay within their areas of expertise and not be tempted to answer questions or speculate an answer.Post 2 (JB): At the scene of the hit and run there were tire impression found. The prosecution is trying to convince the court that an 18-year-old female was driving drunk after a party. The woman blew through a red light hitting four college age students. These students were walking across campus. Three were killed instantly, the third did not see anything because of the heavy rain.The prosecutor could do a few things with the impression evidence. Firstly, the prosecutor could use the evidence to tie the woman’s vehicle to the crime scene. Forensic scientists can determine the make and model of the vehicle based on the impressions that were left behind (Houck & Siegel, 2015, p.90). Tire impressions would make good demonstrative evidence as well. According to the Scientific Working Group for Shoeprint and Tire Tread Evidence (2007) Photographs and casting are one of the first things done when dealing with impression evidence (p.2). The analyst could describe and point out definitive features in the tire impressions. Photographic evidence and a possibility a cast would help construct the crime scene in the minds of the jury. Skid marks could be used to explain how many suspected vehicles were in the intersection at the time of the hit and run.The defense could discredit the evidence by talking about the heavy rain. According to SWGTREAD (2007), the usefulness of impressions can be influenced by environmental conditions, quality, and quantity of evidence. The material used in casting can have an impact (p2). In this case, the evidence and prints would have been affected by the heavy rainfall. If casting material was used whose to say it was not impacted by the conditions. The defense could also talk about who should be considered an expert witness. It would be easy for a forensic scientist to overstep their credibility. Karagioziz (2005) goes into detail about the Wilson vs Woods case. Mr. Rosenhan was an expert in arson reconstruction. He was pulled into this case to reconstruct the scene of a vehicle accident. The court ruled that he was not an expert in this area and thus his testimony was worthless (p.61). Due to legal precedent the same argument could be made on this case.Post 3(BS): An important type of trace evidence is hair evidence. This can be presented as direct evidence, circumstantial evidence, or demonstrative evidence. Direct evidence establishes unreasonable doubt that a person was involved in a crime. This is typically done when DNA is contained within the follicular bulb at the root of the hair (Houck & Siegel, 2015, p. 307). If the follicular bulb is not present on a hair, it may contain circumstantial evidence which suggests a link between a person and a crime scene. Circumstantial evidence is presented in court when the color, shape, treatment, or location of hairs on the body of the suspect match those found at the crime scene (Houck & Siegel, 2015, pp. 301-05). Demonstrative evidence of hairs is presented in court as sketches of the location of hair found within the scene, or photographs of the hair at overall range, midrange, and closeups. Circumstantial evidence is most likely to be discredited in court, and this can be done by pointing out that hairs without DNA only suggest what hair the suspect has, and is not absolutely certain.Footwear impressions can also be demonstrated as direct evidence, circumstantial evidence, and demonstrative evidence. If a shoe is left at the scene of the crime and happens to match the impression, this serves as direct evidence. If a cast is to be taken of the impression, this serves as circumstantial evidence. It may help forensic scientists to determine the shoe size, manufacturer of the shoe, and gait of the owner (Houck & Siegel, 2015, p. 580). This type of evidence will help to suggest a suspect with the same shoe size and ownership of the same type of shoe was possibly present at the scene during the crime. Demonstrative evidence of footwear impressions consist of sketches of the location of the footwear impression within the scene or photographs of the impression with and without a scale in place. Circumstantial evidence may be discredited in court if a cast of the impression does not contain enough unique markings, suggesting there is not a sufficient link that a particular shoe matches that of the suspect’s.Tool mark evidence can be portrayed as direct evidence, circumstantial evidence, and demonstrative evidence. Tools that are left at the scene which match any marks made serve as direct evidence. Tool marks that are cut out of the medium in which they are made also serve as direct evidence. When tool marks in a medium cannot be transported to the lab, casts of the tool marks may also be taken (Pass & Embar-Seddon, 2015, p. 947). Casting of tool marks serves as circumstantial evidence, and may contain striations or unique markings that are similar to those found on a questioned tool. Demonstrative evidence of tool marks may be presented in court as sketches of the location of tool marks within the scene or photographs of the tool marks with and without a scale at overall, midrange, and closeup viewpoints. Unfortunately, if not all striations present in a cast do not match a tool, it will not be accepted as a match, and defense can use this evidentiary standard to discredit any evidence that is not a perfect match (Pass & Embar-Seddon, 2015, p. 947).

Question 1:  You work for a metal fabrication company that has a trustworthy system for anonymously reporting accounting improprieties within the company. It has a clear policy that favors internal reporting.  Should a whistleblower be allowed to bypass that system and go straight to law enforcement officials? Question 2:  A prospective new client literally walked up to your CPA firm’s reception desk, and asked to speak with you. She proceeded to tell you about her “scummy” ex-boyfriend’s under-the-table unreported cash income and requested your help in filing an IRS Whistleblower Claim. You reviewed the evidentiary documents, authored the filing, and filed the claim in your own name, with your new client’s consent. You have agreed in writing to split any award with your client. You never have had a professional relationship with her ex-boyfriend. Are you legally and ethically allowed to receive and keep your share of the reward?

Problem Description will require you to identify a criminal justice professional or inter-group conflict issue that is of importance to you. The paper for this assignment will be 5 to 8 pages in length consistent with current APA style and will consist of the following elements: The Problem Description – This should support your assertion that the situation you have identified is indeed one in which both a conflict is present and could benefit from a conflict resolution intervention. Detailed Background – this is needed to provide detailed background information and context related to the conflict. Examples of Manifestation – specific examples of how the specific conflict manifests itself should be provided. The paper should also review how the conflict escalates and de-escalates and the interpersonal or social-psychological facets of the conflict. Previous Efforts of Resolution – You will need to review any previous efforts to resolve the conflict. Further assignment specific instructions are given in the Assignment One – Problem Description instruction sheet.