Finance

Budgeting for Financial ControlProgram development involves learning and understanding the major principles and models of budgeting. Budgeting for financial control of a human services program involves making decisions about managing the budget, including selecting the appropriate method based upon how the program is structured.Please respond to the following:1)    Explain the concept of financial control.a)    Describe how the financial control purposes of budgeting deals with the relationship between revenues (inputs) and expenses (activities).2)    Identify the three major models of the budgetary process.a)    Describe the similarities and the differences within the models.3)    What are the three principal purposes of budgeting? What are the three major corresponding budgeting systems?a)    Describe the similarities and the differences between the three.4)    In your opinion, should small nonprofit organizations hire outside consultants to help them with budgeting issues, or should they develop their expertise in-house? Use your text or other professional resources to support your answer.READING RESOURCESPlease read the following chapter in the text: Kettner, P. M., Moroney, R., & Martin, L. L. (2017). Designing and managing programs: an effectiveness-based approach (5th ed.). SAGE.•    Chapter 12: “Budgeting for Financial Control, Management, and Planning”Additionally, please review the resources below:Web ResourcesFiscal Management Associates. (n.d.). Resources. https://fmaonline.net/nonprofit-financial-management/financialresources/Nonprofitworks. (2018). Budget basics. https://www.nonprofitworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Budget_Basics.pdfNonprofitworks. (2018). Budget planner. https://www.nonprofitworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Budget_Planner.pdfNonprofitworks. (2018). Sample revenue projection.https://www.nonprofitworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Sample-Revenue_Projection.pdfGrants.Gov. (2019, October 29). What is a Budget Narrative? https://grantsgovprod.wordpress.com/2019/10/29/what-is-a-budget-narrative/Kettner, P., Moroney, R., & Martin, L. (2017). Designing and managing programs: an effectiveness-based approach (5th ed.). SAGE.Office of the State Superintendent of Education. (2017, November 13). Budget Narrative/ Justification Example. https://osse.dc.gov/publication/budget-narrativejustification-exampleDOC should be utilized!

Small businesses account for 99.9% of all firms and are directly responsible for more than half of the new jobs created in the United States. In this course, you have learned about small business models, financing, forecasting, accounting, and management. For this assignment, you will develop a 2,000-2,500-word small business plan.PromptTo start, you should create a fictional small business. You will then write a paper that incorporates all of the following components:Business Description: Summarize your vision for the business. Explain your business model (e.g., direct sales, brick-and-mortar, click-and-mortar, or franchise) and describe the products or services your company will provide.Industry Background: Provide a brief description of the background/history of the industry you have chosen for your business.Financial Plan: Identify the short-term and long-term financial goals for your small business. Explain your plan to obtain financing for the business.Sales Forecast: Provide an immediate (six-month), short-term (two-year), and long-term (five-year) sales forecast for your small business.Feasibility Plan: Develop a feasibility plan to determine if your business can meet operating expenses. The feasibility plan should identify the target market for your business, identify and analyze your direct and indirect competitors, identify the organizational competence of your business, and perform a financial analysis to determine the viability and profitability of your company.Exit/Succession Strategy: Describe how you will determine if the business is failing and what your exit strategy will be should your business fail. In addition, describe the succession strategy you will use if you decide to exit the business.Using SourcesYou may refer to the course material for supporting evidence, but you must also use three sources and cite them using APA format. Please include a mix of both primary and secondary sources, with at least one source from a scholarly peer-reviewed journal. If you use any Study.com lessons as sources, please also cite them in APA (including the lesson title and instructor’s name).Primary sources are first-hand accounts such as interviews, advertisements, speeches, company documents, statements, and press releases published by the company in question.Secondary sources come from peer-reviewed scholarly journals, such as the International Small Business Journal (ISBJ). You may use sources like JSTOR, Google Scholar, and OMICS International to find articles from these journals. Secondary sources may also come from reputable websites with .gov, .edu, or .org in the domain. (Wikipedia is not a reputable source, though the sources listed in Wikipedia articles may be acceptable.)

Developing Line-Item, Functional, and Program Budgeting SystemsEstablishing and creating a budget is crucial for successful program development and implementation. Chapter 13 examines three different program budgeting systems. A line-item budget identifies all anticipated revenue and proposed expenses.Please respond to the following:1)    List and define budget categories in a line-item budget.a)    Describe the importance of having a line-item budget. Use your text to support your answer.2)    After reviewing Chapter 13, determine a program structure for the new program described in the case example.3)    What direct cost is associated with human services programs? What is indirect cost?a)    Explain the importance of knowing the total cost (indirect and direct) of a human services program.4)    Describe the total direct cost methodology, the direct labor cost methodology, and the direct labor hours methodology.a)    In your opinion, which cost allocation methodology is best? Explain your answer using your text or other resources to support your response.READING AND RESOURCESOverviewAssigned ReadingsPlease read the following chapter in your text:•    Chapter 13: “Developing Line-Item, Functional, and Program Budgeting Systems”•    Chapter 13 will illustrate how a line-item budgeting system is created. You will also review how a functional budgeting system is created. In addition, you will also be introduced to the process in which a program budgeting system is created. You will explore not only how the three systems are created, but when it is appropriate to use them and the pros and cons of each system.Additionally, please review the resources below:Web ResourcesA.    Center for Community Health and Development, University of Kansas. (n.d.). Section 1. Planning and writing an annual budget. Community Tool Box. https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/finances/managingfinances/annual-budget/mainB.    Fiscal Management Associates. (n.d.). Resources. https://fmaonline.net/nonprofit-financial-management/financialresources/C.    Nonprofitworks. (2018). Budget basics.https://www.nonprofitworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Budget_Basics.pdfD.    Nonprofitworks. (2018). Budget planner.https://www.nonprofitworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Budget_Planner.pdfE.    Nonprofitworks. (2018). Sample revenue projection. https://www.nonprofitworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Sample-Revenue_Projection.pdf

Your understanding of the financial statement helps when computing financial metrics. For instance, when we calculate the return on assets, we know that we take the after-tax operating income from the income statement. We retrieve the average total assets from the balance sheet. Below, I am providing a brief balance sheet. Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s EquityASSETSCurrent Assets  Cash  Accounts Receivables  Inventory  Prepaid ExpensesLong-Term Assets  Land  Building  Machinery  EquipmentLIABILITIESCurrent Liabilities  Accounts Payable  Wages and Salaries Payable  Taxes Payable  Interest PayableLong-Term Liabilities  Notes Payable  Bonds PayableOWNERS’ EQUITYBeginning BalanceNet IncomeEnding BalanceHow is the information in the brief balance sheet related to what you already know?

Sustainability in asset management including financial portfolio management Kindly don’t miss the last paragraph which is  important to note.This is a small project for a bank in Germany. It focuses on the two business areas of asset investment and commercial real estate interim financing. In asset investment, the bank focuses on long-term business relationships with high net worth individuals, institutional clients, foundations and other entities that need or want to delegate decision-making. No proprietary investment products are developed or offered. In addition, the Bank engages in proprietary securities trading for liquidity management purposes and, to a minor extent, for strategic capital investment.The bank has four target groups in asset management:1. professional investors and asset managers who do not require advice but appreciate the service and support of a private bank2. well-informed private investors who want to take advantage of short-term market opportunities and who are supported by the bank in doing so3. traditional private investors who pursue specific investment goals and receive individual support from the bank’semployees in this regard4. institutional clients, smaller pension funds, foundations, church districts and other institutions.For support in asset management, target customers should generally be able to provide the bank with free assets of between EUR 300 thousand and EUR 30,000 thousand.Background:The European Commission already published an action plan for a sustainable financial system in the first quarter of 2018, based on the goals from the Paris Climate Agreement and the United Nations’ Agenda 2030. The aim of the action plan is to align capital flows sustainably, to integrate the topic into the risk management steering cycle and to create more transparency for financial products.A central measure for achieving the goals is the consideration of sustainability in securities transactions and in securities (ancillary) services. This measure is intended to direct private money flows specifically into sustainable investments by taking into account the environmental (E – “Environment”), social (S – “Social”) and corporate governance (G – “Government”) factors.The proposals of the European Commission accompanying the measure, as well as the amendments of the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA), have implications for the conduct of business and organizational obligations under the Second European Financial Markets Directive (MiFID II). Of central importance in the legislative activities is the EU taxonomy. It defines what can be classified as sustainable economic activity in the future and is the core instrument of the EU action plan. In the coming months, further legal developments in the area of sustainability can be expected at national and European level.Student project assignment:In our opinion, sustainability is only promising within the framework of a strategic overall system, taking into account business and socio-ecological aspects. For this purpose, a systemic sustainability management is to be prepared and elaborated in the bank with regard to the overall bank management, governance, IT and business areas. The project assignment refers to the preparation and elaboration of the relevant and possible aspects for the integration of sustainability for asset management including financial portfolio management. This is to be done taking into account value chains and costs. It should be noted that sustainability issues are not to be considered one-dimensionally, but are to be provided with multi-dimensional levels. These possibly multiple conflicts of objectives must be processed transparently in order to submit recommendations for action to the bank’s management on this basis. In this context, it should be noted that our target group of institutional customers in particular is interested in suitable products for ethically sustainable investment.The following issues are of particular interest to us:I. Regulation1) What requirements, instruments, codes and voluntary commitments regarding sustainability exist for securities (ancillary) services for credit institutions?2) What are the minimum regulatory requirements that the bank must comply with in the future for securities (ancillary) services?3. what is the minimum amount of sustainability-related information that the bank must publish in the future?II. strategy1) What opportunities and risks do you see for us with regard to the following aspects?a) Customer needs (existing and new customers)b) Productsc) Pricing policy2. what strategic implications would you recommend to us with regard to the aspects mentioned in above?III Organization and pricing model(1) What organizational and/or technical requirements are necessary, e.g. for the sustainability assessment of investment products (sustainability ratings, ESG indicators), or do you consider them to be reasonable from acost perspective?2)What process-related effects do you see on the bank’s advisory and investment process?3) What could a future-oriented pricing model look like for our sustainability-conscious customers? (Keywords: flat-rate pricing, individual pricing, tiered pricing model).IV ESG Related CostsIs it worth investing in ESG? What is the profit of current investments on ESG companies,what are the costs of implementing it?IV. Personnel and corporate management1) What could a training concept for employees look like?2. which key performance indicators would you use for sales controlling?Important Note: We are a group of three who are responsible to submit this entire report to bank by next week. I am responsible to write a report / ppt on “ESG related cost (Point IV) and future oriented pricing model (III. 3)” part from the above. So I would like to assign this task for this two points only.

Please read the scenario below, and then answer the questions that follow in a 3-page analysis. The questions will guide your analysis of the situation, but they will need to be presented as part of your assessment of risk as a healthcare manager.Scenario:In 2001, the National Academy of Medicine (NAM), formerly the Institute of Medicine (IoM), reported serious quality gaps in the U.S. health system, identified the six dimensions of quality in healthcare, and identified the need to apply new technology safely to improve the quality of health services. Since this report—and in the face of high healthcare costs, an aging population, and the need to apply scientific and systematic approaches to improve the quality and safety of healthcare—the U.S. healthcare system is experiencing tremendous changes. Safety, quality of care, and healthcare consumer satisfaction are at the forefront of healthcare organizations’ goals.The triple objectives of healthcare improvement in the country are as follows:To improve experience of careTo reduce per capita costTo improve population health outcomesHealthcare organizations are implementing quality improvement programs to achieve these objectives. Funding and regulatory agencies are initiating standards and providing financial incentivesto facilitate the achievement of these objectives, too. For instance, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) supports health services research to promote quality of care and evidence-based decision making. The National Quality Forum (NQF) improves the quality of care by setting national priorities and goals for performance improvement, supports education, and creates outreach programs.As part of a broader quality strategy to the delivery of health services, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) introduced the pay-for-performance program, or value-based healthcare. Many see this approach as transformational. The program reimburses health organizations based on the quality (value) of care, cost, and outcomes of service rather than the volume or the number of patients. The following are included in CMS’s approach:Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) ProgramHospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP)Hospital-Acquired Condition (HAC) Reduction ProgramFor each program, CMS compares performance data annually from individual hospitals with national data, and payment rates are adjusted as incentive for better performance.As a healthcare manager, you will lead your team to establish standards and use technologies to provide safe, effective, and high-quality patient care. However, it is necessary to identify the key stakeholders in the healthcare organization—patients, care providers, and payers—and to understand their interests and perception of quality. In addition to performance and professional standards, stakeholder expectations are important.Please address the following questions in your response:What is quality improvement synonymous with?What is one of the steps in process improvement?What does technology support to enhance quality improvement?What function do the CMS value-based programs and quality metrics perform?What factors are part of the CMS value-based programs?What do the CMS quality metrics include?What are the eight measurements for the patient- and caregiver-centered experience?How is the value-based approach affecting health organizations?What legislation supports the value-based program?Submitting your assignment in APA format means, at a minimum, you will need the following:Title page: Remember the running head. The title should be in all capitals.Length: 3 pages minimumBody: This begins on the page following the title page and abstract page and must be double-spaced (be careful not to triple- or quadruple-space between paragraphs). The typeface should be 12-pt. Times Roman or 12-pt. Courier in regular black type. Do not use color, bold type, or italics, except as required for APA-level headings and references. The deliverable length of the body of your paper for this assignment is 3 pages. In-body academic citations to support your decisions and analysis are required. A variety of academic sources is encouraged.Reference page: References that align with your in-body academic sources are listed on the final page of your paper. The references must be in APA format using appropriate spacing, hanging indent, italics, and uppercase and lowercase usage as appropriate for the type of resource used. Remember, the Reference page is not a bibliography but a further listing of the abbreviated in-body citations used in the paper. Every referenced item must have a corresponding in-body citation.

How has Bahrain benefitted from signing free trade agreements and how has it affected investment activity?The project will test ability to select a topic of interest, learn widely of related facts and previous research, and think deeply and critically about existing literature. The  project  contains  two  parts:  background  facts  and  literature  review.The sources that have to be used are:Weiss, M. (2005). Proposed U.S.-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement. Retrieved 8 April 2021, fromhttps://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20050404_RS21846_1fcb28e5d4cd3ee48576d939350b379edd0f05de.pdfBH-US Free Trade Agreement. (2021). Retrieved 8 April 2021, from https://www.moic.gov.bh/en/Tiles/ForeignInvestment/free-trade-area-agreement#:~:text=By%20removing%20or%20reducing%20tariffs,and%20services%20more%20cost%20competitiveThe Bahrain-United States Free Trade Agreement. Retrieved 8 April 2021, from http://www.sice.oas.org/TPD/USA_BHR/Studies/Overview_e.pdfWaheed, A., & Abbas, S. (2015). Potential Export Markets for Bahrain: A Panel Data Analysis. Retrieved 8 April 2021, from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shujaat Abbas/publication/280568080_Potential_Export_Markets_for_Bahrain_A_Panel_Data_Analysis/links/55ba4cea08ae9289a092704d/Potential-Export-Markets-for-Bahrain-A-Panel-Data-Analysis.pdfBahrain Free Trade Agreement | United States Trade Representative. Retrieved 8 April 2021, from https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/bahrain-ftaSuri, D. (2017). Implications of U.S.-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement on Textile and Apparel Industry in Bahrain. Retrieved 8 April 2021, from https://www.ijac.org.uk/images/frontImages/gallery/Vol._6_No._6/4._36-45.pdfThe Bahrain-United States Free Trade Agreement. Retrieved 8 April 2021, from http://www.sice.oas.org/TPD/USA_BHR/Studies/Overview_e.pdfBackground facts: These are the facts that are relevant for your topic. Please  do  not  simply  restate  another  researcher’s  observation  or  copy  a  graph  or  a  table from an earlier paper. Instead, I expect you to obtain, play with, and present the data, even if in some case this is an exact replication of an earlier work. This is important because in existing papers, an author presents facts in a way that is most supportive of his or her own points. You will likely import another person’s opinion if you take his graph as the “fact”. Also having the data at hand makes it easy for you to explore patterns or check a simple idea.Literature review: Read the sources very  carefully. Gain knowledge  on  the  topic and come  up  with  a coherent  map  of  the current  state  of  knowledge on  the  topic. While literatures on some issues have a long history, your literature review should weigh toward the newer papers. It is essential that the final literature review is well synthesized, instead of being a list of summaries.  The  set  of  papers  you  select  should  be  published  or  publishable  in  a  peer-reviewed academic journal. You should conclude the literature review section with a summary of the literature review findings. Think about the limitation of the current research and how additional steps can be taken to improve it.

You are a new economist for a major financial institution, and you’ve been invited to speak as a guest lecturer for a Freshman Finance course at the local university.Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:Share how you would describe the overall purpose and mechanics of both primary and secondary markets.How would you explain the way the performance of your company is influenced by the activity of the markets you described?After your initial post, choose a classmate’s approach that is different from the approach you’d take on the guest lecture. What additional information might you include in your lecture based on your classmate’s approach?

Coursework Brief:You must be aware that only you share responsibility for any academic integrity breaches or other issues that may arise from your coursework submission. Rubric I do expect tables / graphs / diagrams in this assignment (embedded in the main text).Each table, graph or diagram will count as 25 words. Any table/graph must be explained contextualizing the results to the context of the question. Remember that the graphs and tables you present are properly contextualized and form an important aspect of our explanations. Additional graphs and tables can be put in the appendix as well as the output from any statistical software you have used for the analysis.There are TWO compulsory questions for this Assignment.Question OneBackground information for Question OneIn Question One, we have provided cross-market time series data for Bitcoin (one of the popular cryptocurrencies floating in the market). The Bitcoin is traded in various currencies, such as in Euros, USD, Korea, etc. The data have been collected from Coincheck (one of the platforms that provides aggregate price data for Bitcoin). In the Blackboard site of the course (see Assignment folder), we have included Bitcoin price data for six exchange markets (Europe, USA, Australia, Korea, Japan, Indonesia).You can choose ANY file(s) depending on your interest. Eviews, Stata, R, Python or other any econometric software may be used for empirical estimation purpose.Tasks for Question One(1)By plotting the selected Bitcoin price series explain if you find any ‘trend’ in the price behavior. Use Hodrick-Prescott (H-P) Filtering Technique and Hamilton Filtering Techniques respectively to extract the ‘cycles’ from the ‘trends’. Plot the Autocorrelation Function and comment on the persistence behavior of the series.(2)Test for (non-)stationarity in the selected series by using Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Phillips-Perron, and KPSS tests. Use options of intercept with and without trend term to compare your results. What implications do the ‘presence or absence of a unit root’ imply for the selected Bitcoin price regarding ‘weak, strong, semi-strong efficiency’  of the Bitcoin market?(3)Assume that the Bitcoin series you selected is neither I(1) nor I(0). Then what would an I(d)with 0

Determining Whether IFE Holds Use an online data source to record the interest rate differential between the interest rate of the foreign country( Japan)  in which you plan to do business and the U.S. interest rate over the last five or so quarters. Then, review the exchange rate percentage change in the foreign currency of concern over each of those corresponding quarters to determine whether the international Fisher effect (IFE) appears to hold over those quarters for that currency. IT MUST INCLUDE A GRAPH