Ethics

Write an essay comparing utilitarianism and Kant’s theory of ethics. First, briefly define each theory by reference to its fundamental moral principle. Then explain how one would use each theory to determine whether a particular action is morally right. N

Consider the methods of studying religious ethics discussed in Heidt’s work. In what ways do moral decision-making and the goals of social justice (broadly conceived) overlap? In what ways might they differ?

Read Chapter 5 of the Steneck text.Prepare 2-3 paragraphs total that answer the following questions:1. What was the most interesting thing you learned from the reading assignment?2. he chapter describes a variety of different kinds of conflicts of interest. Which of the various types of conflicts do you think are common at Iowa State University (ISU)?3. Describe some conflicts of interest that would be likely in laboratories in your discipline. How should they be managed?

Thread: After studying the Reading & Study materials, compose a 500-600 word argument that is objective, carefully-constructed, and free of emotion (and hence it should not contain any exclamation points) in support of your opinion about ethical relativism and Christian ethics. Formulate your argument by answering BOTH of the following questions:Is Christian ethics relativistic or absolutist? Explain your answer.What, if any, are the differences between ethical relativism and the subjective aspects of Christian ethics?For question 1, answer whether Christian ethics is relativistic or absolutist. First, you should define relativism and absolutism. Don’t simply re-state the reading, but provide an explanation of relativism and absolutism using your own words but also showing that you did the reading and understand the issues. Present the strengths and weaknesses of relativism and how these compare to absolutism. Here you should bring into play the arguments that are discussed in the assigned reading in chapter two of our textbook, Moral Reasoning. You should also incorporate the introduction from our Biblical Ethics textbook. You must read these chapters carefully. Some of the arguments for relativism presented in Moral Reasoning are eventually rejected as fallacious later in the chapter. The more cogent arguments are not presented until the second half of the chapter, where the author sides with the overwhelming majority of ethicists in concluding that ethical relativism is false. You may also read ahead to chapters 8 and 9 in Moral Reasoning, where the author presents a Christian ethic, and you may also consult outside sources. Whichever side you take on the issue, please treat both sides with respect.For question 2, explain the differences between ethical relativism and the subjective elements in Christian ethics. In addition to the textbooks and academic sources, you are encouraged to incorporate important biblical passages such as Romans 14-15.You are expected to cite at least one academic source in your DB threads and replies. These sources would include the course textbooks, books, journal articles, periodicals, and similar publications. Sources such as Wikipedia and online dictionaries do not count as academic sources and should not be used. Biblical references are encouraged, but will not count as an academic source.

This essay must be 1,000 words (+/- 10%) and written in first person. With an understanding of the various conceptual approaches to ethics, choose one, or several, that fit best with your own core beliefs as discussed in Week 1:·        Describe what inspired you to choose these conceptual approaches. How do they fit into your personal belief system as discussed in Week 1?·        Discuss how these approaches can be successfully integrated into the field of applied intelligence within the area of study National Security.·        Identify strengths and shortfalls of utilizing these approaches in your field. Give real-world examples.·        Use both in-class and outside-of-class literature and research to support your conclusions.·        Proper APA formatting is required. For specific APA layout for titles and headings, see https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ (Links to an external site.)  and for a sample APA paper, go here: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/18/ (Links to an external site.).·        Abstracts are not necessary for this assignment and do not count towards the word count. Title page, references, and running heads/footers are not counted towards the word count. Sections should include Title page, Introduction, Main Body OR Discussion, Conclusion or Recommendations, andReferences.Sources below; Birsch and Olson are in-class materials. The rest you can use as well. But find others if you prefer:1.      Gallagher, B. (2019). The Ethical Dilemma (Links to an external site.)2.      Birsch, Introduction to Ethical Theories: A Procedural Approach, Preface & Chapter 1 ‘Beginning to Think About Ethics’3.      Birsch, Introduction to Ethical Theories: A Procedural Approach, Chapter 6 ‘Immanuel Kant’s Theory’4.      Ericson article (2007) ‘The Need for Ethical Norms’ from CIA.gov5.      Bonde, S. & Firenze, P. (2013) article ‘Making Choices: A Framework for Making Ethical Decisions’1.      Birsch, Introduction to Ethical Theories: A Procedural Approach, Chapter 5 ‘Utilitarianism’2.      Birsch, Introduction to Ethical Theories: A Procedural Approach, Chapter 7 ‘Moral Rights Theory’3.      Olson, J. (2006). Fair Play: The Moral Dilemmas of Spying. Scenario No. 8: Journalism Cover, pages 72-76.4.      Velasquez, M., Andre, C., Shanks, T., et al. (2015) article ‘Thinking Ethically’ Rubric:Described what inspired you to choose your conceptual approaches and how they fit into your personal belief system. This is significant for this assignment and should be a major component of your essay.Discussed how ethical approaches can be successfully integrated in the field of applied intelligence within your chosen area of study (National Security)Identified strengths and shortfalls of utilizing the approaches in your field. Provided at least 2 real-world examples. Hypothetical examples are not sufficient. Historical events, current events, or events from your personal experience are expected here.Should include at least 2 references using course materials and at least 3 references that you sourced on your own from outside materials.

https://www.theglobeandmail.com/investing/personal-finance/household-finances/article-menu-science-the-subtle-ways-restaurant-get-you-to-spend-more/•    Analyze the following questions associated with the above article and discuss them.o    What ideals, effects, and consequences are at stake?o    Have any moral rights been violated?o    What would a Utilitarian recommend?o    What would a Kantian recommend?•    Explain your rationale for each of your answers for your chosen article, with supporting evidence.

DO NOT MAKE A TITLE/COVER PAGE–Required ResourcesRead/review the following resources for this activityTextbook: Chapter 13LessonIntroductionIn this session, you have been considering moral-ethical dilemmas you yourself faced or that you know of that you either resolved or failed to resolve, but hopefully learned from. You may never have given much thought to ethical theory nor what ethical premises/paradigms you have unconsciously held.You will be focusing on this case for this assignment:Jane Doe is a nursing student at University X. Jane is in week eight of a course entitled: “Introduction to Ethics”.For the week one discussion, Jane copied work done by her friend John Doe in the same class two months ago (with a different professor). John told Jane it was okay to use his work as John’s professor never checked any work in the class using Turnitin.com. John claimed to have earned an A on the work also.In week two, Jane went to StudentPapering.com and paid ten dollars for a week two essay done by a student (not John Doe) who took the same course four months ago. StudentPapering promises that all its archived work is of excellent quality and cannot be detected as copied. Jane then uploaded an exact copy of the work for the week two assignment.In week three, Jane paid a worker at PaperingStudent.com ten dollars to write for Jane a brand new essay after Jane shared with the worker the essay assignment instructions.In week four, Jane relied on her knowledge of Esperanto. She felt pressed for time and found an article by a professor from Esperanto on the week four topic. She translated Esperanto into English using Moogle Translate, and the translated text served as her week four paper.In week five, Jane was running late again. Jane purposely uploaded a blank paper hoping that she would later claim it was an innocent mistake and not be assessed a late penalty. In a previous course on History, she had done the same (with an earlier paper from the History class rather than simply a blank) and had not seen any late penalty assessed.In week six, Jane took work she did in a nursing course from a year ago and submitted that for her discussion posting in her current class. She simply copied and pasted the work she had labored intensively on a year ago (even though University X forbids this practice as ‘self-plagiarism’). Jane was confident her Nursing instructor never checked that work using Turnitin.com or another method.In week seven, Jane copied and pasted work found on website.com for the paper. Jane did not use any quotation marks or other documentation to show the text was not by Jane.Since Jane’s Ethics professor did not check papers and posting for any issues by using Turnitin.com or another method, the professor graded all of Jane’s work unaware of Jane’s actions throughout the weeks of the class. Jane feels her actions are morally justified both because her economic situation requires her to work too much to devote time to school (although other students are well-off enough to have such time) and her religion forbids cheating, but Jane ignores her religion’s teachings.InstructionsNow that you have had an opportunity to explore ethics formally, create a reflective assessment of your learning experience and the collaborations you engaged in throughout this session. You will submit both of the following:A written reflectionFor the written reflection, address Jane Doe’s and respond to the following:Articulate again your moral theory from week eight discussion (You can revise it if you wish). What two ethical theories best apply to it? Why those two?Apply to Jane Doe’s case your personal moral philosophy as developed in week eight discussion and now. Use it to determine if what Jane Doe did was ethical or unethical per your own moral philosophy.Consider if some of these examples are more grave instances of ethical transgressions than others. Explain.Propose a course of social action and a solution by using the ethics of egoism, utilitarianism, the “veil of ignorance” method, deontological principles, and/or a theory of justice to deal with students like  Jane. Consider social values such as those concerning ways of life while appraising the interests of diverse populations (for instance, those of differing religions and economic status).For the oral presentation, briefly summarize your feelings about taking a course in Ethics and explore your process of transformation in this course.Discuss your experiences of the course, your beginnings, and where you are now. Consider your interaction in discussions. Should health care workers be required to take a course in Ethics? Why or why notWriting Requirements (APA format)Length: 3-4 pages (not including title page or references page)1-inch marginsDouble spaced12-point Times New Roman fontTitle pageReferences page (minimum of 2 scholarly sources)

Written Assignment 1In the lecture “Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do,” Harvard professor Michael Sandel discusses two types of moral reasoning: categorical and consequentialist. Categorical moral reasoning is a type of deontological moral reasoning based on rights and duties regardless of the consequences. Consequentialist moral reasoning bases morality on the consequences of an act rather than the act itself. Sandel describes what is often called the “trolley dilemma.”With the advent of self-driving vehicles we have an updated version of the trolley dilemma. The Moral Machine is a project by MIT that is using crowdsourcing to help make autonomous vehicles “moral.” Visit the Moral Machine website provided in the Study Materials for this module and view the short video. Click “Start Judging” at the bottom of the page and go through a few scenarios.Consider the trolley dilemma that is described in Sandel’s lecture. In an essay of 500 words, discuss the following:Do you find yourself siding with a consequentialist or categorical (deontological) approach to moral reasoning in this case? Why?After reviewing the Moral Machine, describe the observations you can make about yourself in how you are judging moral actions. What ethical questions are being raised for you?Which scenario do you think is most ethical of the two scenarios described below? Which type of moral reasoning (categorical or consequentialist) would support your view? Explain. Consider the legal issues like vehicular manslaughter and liability. Who is accountable? How might laws need to be reexamined to accommodate self-driving vehicles?Scenario 1The self-driving car with sudden brake failure will continue ahead and crash into a barrier. This will result in the following deaths of the passengers in the car:1 man1 woman1 boyScenario 2The self-driving car with sudden brake failure will swerve and drive through a pedestrian crossing in the other lane. This will result in the following deaths of pedestrians:1 man1 woman1 dog(Note that the affected pedestrians are abiding by the law by crossing on the green signal.)Diagram of Scenario 1 on left and diagram of Scenario 2 on right

research potential issues with the use of electronic medical records? Discuss the issues and define the problems. Provide applicable prevention tips to the issues. Finally, in your opinion, do you think that these issues can be 100% eliminated? Why or why not.

Read/review the following resources for this activity:Textbook: Chapter 13 (Rachels, S., & Rachels, J. (2019). The elements of moral philosophy (9th ed.). Mcgraw-Hill Education) (attached)LessonIntroductionIn this session, you have been considering moral-ethical dilemmas you yourself faced or that you know of that you either resolved or failed to resolve, but hopefully learned from. You may never have given much thought to ethical theory nor what ethical premises/paradigms you have unconsciously held.You will be focusing on this case for this assignment:Jane Doe is a nursing student at University X. Jane is in week eight of a course entitled: “Introduction to Ethics”.For the week one discussion, Jane copied work done by her friend John Doe in the same class two months ago (with a different professor). John told Jane it was okay to use his work as John’s professor never checked any work in the class using Turnitin.com. John claimed to have earned an A on the work also.In week two, Jane went to StudentPapering.com and paid ten dollars for a week two essay done by a student (not John Doe) who took the same course four months ago. StudentPapering promises that all its archived work is of excellent quality and cannot be detected as copied. Jane then uploaded an exact copy of the work for the week two assignment.In week three, Jane paid a worker at PaperingStudent.com ten dollars to write for Jane a brand new essay after Jane shared with the worker the essay assignment instructions.In week four, Jane relied on her knowledge of Esperanto. She felt pressed for time and found an article by a professor from Esperanto on the week four topic. She translated Esperanto into English using Moogle Translate, and the translated text served as her week four paper.In week five, Jane was running late again. Jane purposely uploaded a blank paper hoping that she would later claim it was an innocent mistake and not be assessed a late penalty. In a previous course on History, she had done the same (with an earlier paper from the History class rather than simply a blank) and had not seen any late penalty assessed.In week six, Jane took work she did in a nursing course from a year ago and submitted that for her discussion posting in her current class. She simply copied and pasted the work she had labored intensively on a year ago (even though University X forbids this practice as ‘self-plagiarism’). Jane was confident her Nursing instructor never checked that work using Turnitin.com or another method.In week seven, Jane copied and pasted work found on website.com for the paper. Jane did not use any quotation marks or other documentation to show the text was not by Jane.Since Jane’s Ethics professor did not check papers and posting for any issues by using Turnitin.com or another method, the professor graded all of Jane’s work unaware of Jane’s actions throughout the weeks of the class. Jane feels her actions are morally justified both because her economic situation requires her to work too much to devote time to school (although other students are well-off enough to have such time) and her religion forbids cheating, but Jane ignores her religion’s teachings.InstructionsNow that you have had an opportunity to explore ethics formally, create a reflective assessment of your learning experience and the collaborations you engaged in throughout this session. You will submit both of the following:A written reflectionAn oral presentation using a PowerPoint narrated slide show.For the written reflection, address Jane Doe’s and respond to the following:Articulate again your moral theory from week eight discussion (You can revise it if you wish). What two ethical theories best apply to it? Why those two?Apply to Jane Doe’s case your personal moral philosophy as developed in week eight discussion and now. Use it to determine if what Jane Doe did was ethical or unethical per your own moral philosophy.Consider if some of these examples are more grave instances of ethical transgressions than others. Explain.Propose a course of social action and a solution by using the ethics of egoism, utilitarianism, the “veil of ignorance” method, deontological principles, and/or a theory of justice to deal with students like  Jane. Consider social values such as those concerning ways of life while appraising the interests of diverse populations (for instance, those of differing religions and economic status).For the oral presentation, briefly summarize your feelings about taking a course in Ethics and explore your process of transformation in this course.Discuss your experiences of the course, your beginnings, and where you are now. Consider your interaction in discussions.Should health care workers be required to take a course in Ethics? Why or why notWriting Requirements (APA format)Length: 3-4 pages (not including title page or references page)1-inch marginsDouble spaced12-point Times New Roman fontTitle pageReferences page (minimum of 2 scholarly sources)Presentation RequirementsLength: 2-3 minutes