Ethics

Ethical Decision Making Paper Instructions Purpose: Identifying an ethical dilemma in practice is the responsibility of counselors. Applying an ethical decision-making model to address ethical dilemmas is an ethical requirement and best practice. The assignment aims to help you apply the steps of an ethical decision-making model and understand how the six moral principles influence ethical decision-making. Your paper must be in current APA format including title page and reference page. The body of your paper must be 6–9 pages and include at least 6 references. Your paper must be well-thought-out and demonstrate critical thinking. A.                Begin by reading through the entire document, “A Practitioner’s Guide to Ethical Decision Making.” by copying and pasting the link into your browser (https://www.counseling.org/docs/ethics/practitioners_guide.pdf?sfvrsn=2). This is necessary BEFORE you begin to apply the decision making steps to an ethical scenario. B.                 After reading the ethical decision making document above, choose one of the ethical dilemmas from the document entitled, “Ethical Decision Making Paper Scenarios,” found under the assignment instructions in Blackboard. Read and analyze the chosen scenario. C.                 Approach the scenario as if it has already happened and now you must address the problems the scenario has created. In other words, as in much of real life and practice, you must now do damage control. D.                To apply the steps of the ethical decision making model to your chosen scenario, divide the body of your paper—formatted in current APA style—into the steps outlined in the “A Practitioner’s Guide to Ethical Decision Making” document, and outlined below, making sure to address all questions for each section:   ·         Identify the problem(s). In this section make sure to: o   Outline the facts, separating out innuendos, assumptions, hypotheses, or suspicions. o   Correctly and clearly identify the problem(s) by answering the questions, “Is this problem an ethical, legal, professional, or clinical problem? Is it a combination of more than one of these?” Identify the problem as related to self, client, institution, or agency. In other words, answer the questions, “Is the issue related to me and what I am or am not doing? Is it related to a client and/or the client’s significant others and what they are or are not doing? Is it related to the institution or agency and their policies and procedures?”   ·         Apply the ACA Code of Ethics. In this section make sure to: Identify all applicable ACA Code of Ethics. Which codes apply, or can address, the problem(s) presented in the scenario? Make sure to cite the code numbers.   ·         Determine the nature/dimensions of the dilemma. In this section make sure to: o   Correctly identify the moral principles of the profession that apply. In other words, which of the professional values apply to this problem? Autonomy, beneficence, justice, nonmaleficence, fidelity, and/or veracity? Why? o     o   Identify the relevant professional literature that applies to the dilemma. What does the professional literature say that might help you solve the problem? Go to the LUO databases and find articles or textbooks that address the problem. For example, what do experts say about the confidentiality, technology and counseling, etc.? o   Identify persons that would be consulted. Who could you consult that might help you come up with ideas to address the problem? o   Identify state or national professional associations that would be consulted. What professional associations or state boards might be able to give advice?   ·         Potential courses of action. In this section make sure to: o   List all potential courses of action. Brainstorm as many possible courses of action as possible.   ·         Consider consequences/Determine course of action. In this section make sure to: o   Describe the potential consequences and implications for each course of action. o   Identify the best course of action and explain why. In other words, considering the information you have gathered and the priorities you have set, evaluate each option and assess the potential consequences for all the parties involved. Ponder the implications of each course of action for the client, for others who will be effected, and for yourself as a counselor. Eliminate the options that clearly do not give the desired results or cause even more problematic consequences. Review the remaining options to determine which option or combination of options best fits the situation and addresses the priorities you have identified.   ·         Evaluate the selected course of action. In this section make sure to: o   Review the selected course of action to see if it presents any new ethical problems. o   Apply the tests of justice, publicity, and universality.   ·         Implement the course of action. In this section make sure to: o   Describe what steps will be taken to implement the course of action. In other words, step-by-step, what are you now going to do to address the problem and do damage control?   When you have completed your paper, save it as a Microsoft Word document under your name and assignment title (Example: Doe_J_Ethical_Minute_Paper). Submit it via the SafeAssign draft link in Module/Week 7 by Friday. Wait until the link indicates that SafeAssign has analyzed your paper and prepared a report. Return to the safe assign report and evaluate the report. You will notice that SafeAssign often matches on headings, titles, and references. If you see matches on entire sentences or paragraphs that are not enclosed in quotation marks, then you have unintentionally plagiarized. You will need to go back and re-write those sections in your own words.

1st Milestone: Select an issue/event to analyze through the four general education lenses. You will explain the issue/event and the relationship to diversity, as well as describe the connection to all four lenses. I am able to pick a different topic if you have one in mind.

1. Describe an ethical dilemma you might encounter in your current or future profession and how you would handle it. (You may use a real-life scenario you have encountered in the workplace, summarize one of the hypothetical scenarios in the reading, or describe a possible scenario you could imagine happening in the future.)2. Would you use professional ethics, personal values, or legal considerations to make your decision?3. How does your profession’s code of ethics help you solve the dilemma or make a decision? Which ethical considerations override other ethical considerations or seem most relevant or helpful? Explain.4. Optional: How do you intend to demonstrate ethical and responsible behaviors in your Capstone Portfolio?

Virtue ethics is the integration of personal and professional life. A person could not act one way at home and a completely different way in public. What might the integration of personal and professional life look like, and how can we apply it within the relationships that are the foundation of business? To answer this question, consider the essence of the virtuous person that each ethical system strove to create.Write a 2- to 3-page paper (minimum of 500 words) in APA format comparing the perspectives of Aristotelian and Confucian virtue ethics. Your paper should answer the following questions:1- How do personal and professional roles relate to one another based on Aristotelian and Confucian virtue ethics?2- How do Aristotle and Confucius define a virtuous individual?3- How does the concept of virtue through education apply to individual and professional ethical standards? How can a virtue approach help to inform ethical conduct in professional settings?4- Describe issues related to ethical relativism in a global context as raised by the Chiquita case study. How could a virtue approach inform universal standards to address issues raised in a global business environment such as those raised in the Chiquita case?

Is Ethics of Care is a teleological ethical system or a deontological ethical system?In 500 words or more (no less), argue whether the Ethics of Care is a teleological ethical system or a deontological ethical system, support your claim. You may use examples, but you will still need to include a full scholarly definition of each, with commentary. You may use any scholarly source other than a dictionary, to include online video lectures. You may use Wikipedia as a starting point, but be aware that Wikipedia is not a scholarly source and therefore can never be quoted in your paper. You will need to include in-text citations in your essay (last name, date, pg#) along with an APA formatted References page. You can find tools and examples of APA citation formats at the Purdue University Online Writing Lab.

OverviewInstead of taking an exam for our midterm, we will be working on a research-based argumentative essay, which will be due in its final form at the end of the semester. For the midterm component of this project, you will be gathering and organizing your research and working out your main arguments and your counter-arguments. The actual drafting of this essay will come later.TopicsFor your topic, you must choose either a specific ethical dilemma (like the cases of Dax Cowert or Teri Schiavo) or a broader ethical issue, such as environmental ethics, euthanasia, abortion rights, etc. You are free to choose your own topic, but my advice is that you should choose something small and limited in scope, and ideally something that has been written about by many well-educated and knowledgeable people. Don’t take on all of environmental ethics, for example, it’s too big, and don’t choose a dilemma that’s only relevant to your own life, that’s too small. If in doubt, please discuss this with me. Our live session will be the perfect opportunity for this discussion.DetailsFor this assignment, you will submit a Word document containing the following 4 sections:1. A clear thesis statement that makes the main claim that you will be defending in your essay. This should be one sentence that captures the complexity of your argument and makes clear what position you will be taking and defending.2. Two separate arguments based in two separate ethical theories that we have discussed so far. These arguments will be two different ways of supporting your thesis.  For example, you might first take a utilitarian approach and second a deontological approach to your argument.3. Two separate counter-arguments to your thesis. These are arguments that someone else might offer as a way of denying your thesis. Imagine that you are making your claim to another person who is well-educated on your topic but who holds a different position on it. What would that person argue?4. A Works Cited page containing the Works you intend to cite as you develop your arguments and counter-arguments. Your essay should include at least 10 credible sources.OrganizationCreate an outline, and only an outline. Do not write out a full draft yet. That will come later. For reference, please see the example outlines here in this module.Begin with a title.In the introduction section, include a very brief overview of the different positions common to your argument.Include your thesis statement.List each paragraph you will include. The entries in your outline should be just your topic sentences of each paragraph. No more.Include the Works you will cite in each paragraph as a Works Cited entry below the topic sentence.Then include the complete Works Cited page as the final page.That’s it!Be sure to study the example outline posted in this module.FormattingAll work should be done in MLA format. Please reference the MLA materials posted in the early modules here in Canvas, or reference the Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL), or consult with me directly. The formatting is important because it helps you present your ideas in a recognizable and easy-to-follow style.GuidanceA good outline for an essay like this should take you 2-5 pages, depending on how many points you wish to make, how many counter-arguments you wish to deal with, and how many sources you intend to include. There is no official length requirement, only a quality requirement. Generally speaking, more detail is better and therefore longer is better–not because length is what you want, but because a fully-detailed and well-planned essay will require a longer, rather than a shorter, outline.The overall length of the final essay can vary, and again there’s no requirement for length. However, after having read over 10,000 of these through the years, I can tell with confidence that the best ones will require 6-10 pages. I don’t think more pages will help, and I’m certain fewer pages will not allow for enough detail to adequately cover your topic.

Step #1 – Study the theory: The first task is to conduct research on virtue and Kantian ethics (PICK ONE THEORY) and contribute quality information to this forum about one of the ethical theories.Step #1 should be at least one paragraph with a link to your research contentGive a good summary of the content you found in your research, why you think it is helpful for other students interested in this theory, and post the link so other students can review the source.Examples of the type of content I am looking for: web articles, YouTube videos, journal articles. It is important tofind credible sources. Here is a link to a video on finding credible sources: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLTOVoHbH5cStep #2 – Apply the theory: The second task is to find an example of an ethical issue from social media, politics, business, health and legal fields, work and/or school and analyze it from the perspective of the theory you picked in step #1. Step #2 should be one to two paragraphs and thoroughly cover issue from the perspective of the theory. The Perspective is a good website to find ethical issues that are current and trending(https://www.theperspective.com/)Explain the ethical issue you picked and use the theory you picked to evaluate the issue using the principles, strengths, and weaknesses of the theory. You can also use an example from your life, but please do not mention names or give away the identity of the persons involved. Post a link to the article if appropriate.For example, if you picked virtue ethics, you would need to use the principles of that theory to analyze a moral issue such as the actions of Edward Snowden virtuous or traitorous. Here is a link to a website with two perspectives – https://www.theperspective.com/debates/politics/edward-snowden-hero-traitor/

For this paper, read the attached court case and write a paper explaining how utilitarianism and Kantian ethics would each evaluate the situation.  What would each think is the morally correct action to take regarding the cabin boy’s plight?  Explain both theories in detail and apply them to the facts of the case.  What do you think?  Which theory makes the most sense to you?  What are the strengths of that theory and what are the weaknesses of the other theory?In this unit, we’ve looked at two competing approaches to morality–consequentialism and deontology, and in particular we’ve examined the two most prominent examples of those ideas, utilitarianism and Kantian ethics.You may only use course materials–the reading assignments, PowerPoint presentations, and lectures.  Papers must be in 12-point font and double-spaced.  No title page is needed–just put your name and UC 410 in the top left corner of the first page–and you also do not need a reference or works cited page.  Refer to each author by last name, to make it clear that you are discussing their ideas (cite “PowerPoint” for any general points in a PowerPoint that aren’t specific to one philosopher).  Alternatively, you can use any citation format you prefer (APA, MLA, Chicago). As before, don’t get caught up in the page limits–this is a suggested page range.  I don’t think you can adequately cover the topics in less than 5 pages but I also don’t want you to have to write a novel.  That being said, a well-written and thorough shorter paper will earn a higher grade than a poorly-written longer paper. Your grade will be based on the following factors:  (1) Did you correctly explain the main tenets of Kantian ethics, including key concepts such as the first two formulations of the categorical imperative, the difference between perfect and imperfect duties, and Kant’s reasons for not basing morality on consequences; (2) Did you accurately describe utilitarianism, including key details such as how to calculate the amount of happiness, the differences between the qualities and quantities of pleasure, and the differences between act and rule utilitarianism; (3) Did you correctly apply both theories to the plight of the cabin boy scenario; (4) Did you address strengths and weaknesses of each theory; and (5) Did you provide strong reasons in support of your own views regarding the approach that you find most persuasive.  I use holistic grading, so I assess the paper as a whole, rather than assigning points to specific elements.  However, my primary focus is on how well you demonstrate an understanding of the key philosophical concepts behind utilitarianism and Kantian ethics.  A paper taking a clear position towards one theory without fully explaining the underlying ideas will receive a lower grade than a paper that demonstrates a clear understanding of the theories but which fails to explain or justify why one theory is more persuasive. Attached below are all the documents you need for this paper.Please let me know if you have any questions.

Apply the Four Major Points of UtilitarianismApply two or more aspect on Bentham’s Felicific CalculusApply three or more Utilitarian claims provided in course materials.

In the past two modules, you created a simple visual of your default mode of ethical reasoning and then began adding to it, in order to represent what it means to you to be an ethical professional using such concepts as relationship, well-being, and trust. In this activity, you will temporarily put that aside in order to visualize a workable method of ethical decision-making. (You’ll consolidate them later.) You’ll personalize the method outlined in Meyers Chapter 2, 2.6 and 2.7. When you are done, you will have the foundation of your personal ethical decision-making toolkit.Task:Design your SmartArt image based on what you learned this week. You explored how ethical decision-making can be understood as a process of reasoning and used it to test and understand the experience of a fictional character. Now, visualize your own process and highlight the tools that you believe will be the most useful to you. As you design your image, ask yourself, when the decision is difficult and you don’t know what to do, what steps do you want to take? What factors will you consider? How will you determine the extent to which relevant factors are involved? How will you incorporate, in advance, the outcomes of your decision? The visual map you create here should be the tool that you want to have on hand when you have to make the tough decisions.Use your essay to help you do this. How did your character come to their decision? Would you do it the same way? If so, create a visual model of that. Would you have made a different decision? If so, which factors, principles, and values would you use, and how would you justify your decision? Remember, this is not an exercise in emotion or belief. Those are not insignificant, and neither is conscience, but your faculty of reason must, in the end, be the arbiter of all of these inputs. Map your desired process in SmartArt (or a comparable tool), and as you create, think about your future self and your future clients. Prepare yourself for your calling with a process that is meaningful to you, that says something about you as an ethical person, and that is represented in a visual that will guide you when challenges arise.Once you are satisfied with your model, post it to the discussion for this activity, and comment briefly on the following questions:What did you learn about yourself in relationship to the ethical concepts that you tried to portray in your visual?Why did you use a certain template or include certain parts or concepts?