Criminology

CRIJ 5331 Instructor: Dr. Cheng-Hsien Lin Research Proposal Writing Direction Blue print paragraphs are additional for complete research papers Due date for Paper Presentation PPT file: See syllabus or announced by the instructor Due date for the completed report: See syllabus Objective: To familiarize you with the process of survey research from conceptualization, questionnaire design, face to face interview, data entry, and elementary data analysis to report writing. OUTLINE OF WRITING PROCEDURES I. Introduction Describe why the topic of your choice is a worthy studied social issue (which will essentially be your dependent variable). Write a brief introduction that introduces your topic and describes why it is of general interest or importance by relating the topic to any theoretical, social or practical significance. One page or so should be enough for this session. II. Literature Review Literature Review past studies examining the topic and find out what variables have been studied that are related to the dependent variable(s). For example, alcohol abuse has been found to be related unstable family relationship, depression, failed school experiences, etc. You should summarize how you have learned from the literature you reviewed and what variables you are trying to study and analyze in your research. Especially, if you have some unique variables to be examined in your research but have not been studied in the past studies, you need provide reasons why this new variable needs to be examined. Hypotheses 1. Select at least THREE factors (which will be your independent variables) that you believe will influence your dependent variable. Write a mini theoretical statement (check your theory book for reference) that can be just a couple of sentences explaining HOW and WHY each independent variable will affect your dependent variable. For example, it’s not enough to say men will support legalization of prostitution more than women. You must also explain WHY. 2. Following your mini theory, prepare a hypothesis that is simply a one-sentence statement of the relationship you expect to find between each independent variable and the dependent variable. Here is an example of hypothesis, “Hypothesis #1: Men are more likely to support legalization of prostitution than women.” You should have at least three hypotheses. III. Method. 2 Write two paragraphs describing: (1) Data: where and when you conducted the interview, and how you selected your sample. (2) Measurement: how you measured each concept (describe the questionnaire items). (3) Analysis: how you conduct your statistical analysis (descriptive data: frequency/percentage of study variables; explanatory analysis: correlation between independent variables and dependent variables). Data Collection (procedures for questionnaire construction and data collection 1. Operationalization: Explain how you WORD your questions for independent and dependent variables (other than demographic variables), and explain how your questions are able to measure the concepts of those variables. o List and describe all independent variables, briefly describe how they were measured. o Many of your variables were operationalized into multiple different questions. Describe what those scale means (higher the number, the higher agreement the subjects responded to the question statements (from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree in a scale) 2. Sample: Describe how you sampled your subjects. You may have to justify why the sampling methods (or classes being chosen) was chosen. Make sure you report the details of each step. Also, you should state how the class project is cooperated with everyone’s effort to collect the data and how many cases were collected. Analysis Write two paragraphs describing: (1) Descriptive data analysis procedure. (2) Explanatory data analysis procedure. IV. Expected Results: Write your expected result section to describe if your research hypotheses will be supported. This is for you to review if your hypotheses are strong enough according to your applied theories and past similar findings in this regard. However, if what you hypothesized is to challenge what have been found in the literature, you may want to be open-minded of you’re your results (support or deny your hypotheses) may be. In that case, you may discuss what conditions can possibly to affect your results of being supporting or denying your hypotheses. If you are to write a complete paper (and you are NOT asked to submit a completed research paper with completed research analysis), then the following sessions should be included in your complete paper. (For proposals, NO RESULTS are to be write up but only the Expected Results that should be quite brief). 1. Univariate analysis: i) Report the characteristics of your sample by describing the percentage distribution from the frequency table for each of your nominal and ordinal variables including the recoded independent variable. You simply need to report the percentages (based on the percent column) in each attribute of a variable. For example, “43% of our samples were males and 57% were females.” Make comment about the extent of the representativeness of your sample. 3 ii) Provide a complete interpretation of the frequency table about your ratio independent variable. Choose any row except the first row and show that you can interpret each column in the frequency table (frequency, percent, valid percent and cumulative percent columns). Report the following univariate statistics from the output: mean, median, mode, range, variance, and standard deviation. Calculate the confidence interval for the 95% confidence level based on the mean and the standard deviation. iii) Report the percentage distribution (based on the percent column) from the frequency tables for the two dependent variables. Describe the general pattern of people’s attitude about this issue, i.e. whether most people were on the supporting side or the opposing side. 2. Bivariate analysis: You need to use the information and statistics in the printout to test EACH of your hypotheses. i) Report whether the results are consistent with the directions of your predictions/hypotheses. For each of the CROSSTAB tables, choose one row, either “agree” or “disagree”, to report the percentages from each category of the independent variable. For example, “47% of the men compared 52% of the women agreed with the statement that both husband and wife should contribute to household income.” Are the patterns of your results for the two dependent variables consistent with each of your predictions/hypotheses? For each hypothesis, if there are inconsistencies for one or both dependent variables, provide some explanations, comments or discussions. ii) Report and interpret the significance level for chi-square. The interpretation of the significance levels should address the issue of how likely the relationship is due to sampling error and whether it is statistically significant at the .05 level. Can the results reject the null hypothesis or not? Is your hypothesis supported or not using the .05 significance level as your criterion? Don’t forget that all of this must be done thoroughly for each hypothesis. For example, “the significance level for the gender effect on this statement was greater than .05. Therefore the null hypothesis that says there is no gender effect on people’s attitude on this issue cannot be rejected and our hypothesis about the gender effect is not supported.” Remember that you cannot “PROVE” anything. Your results only support or fail to support your theory. If a hypothesis is supported by using one dependent variable but not the other, you should provide some explanations, comments or discussions. V. Expected Challenges and Their Solutions You should describe what kinds of difficulties you might encounter in the whole research process. The more your can foresee those possible obstacles, the more likely you can prevent them or prepare some solutions when they occurs. This session can show the research evaluators how thoughtful you are while designing your research. V. Conclusion This section may begin with a brief summary, reviewing the highlights of your major findings regarding your hypotheses, both in terms of being consistent with the directions of your hypothesis and providing support for your hypothesis based on the statistical significance. For each hypothesis, if there are inconsistencies for the two dependent variables, reiterate your explanations, comments or discussions.  4 Discuss the shortcomings of the research, point out inconsistencies, account for anomalies, and suggest improvements in the research design. Finally, you may place the whole project into a broader perspective, mention the theoretical and practical implications of the study, and discuss possible future work. Be sure to include a list of your instrument (questions) used in your study. Notes: Total length of the written portion should not exceed 20 pages (typed, double-spaced). The suggested proportions are: intro = .05-1 page, Literature and theory = 5-7 pages, methods = 2-5 pages, results= 4-6 pages, conclusion= 0.5 -2 pages. Reference page(s) should be one to two pages depending on how many references you have. Page setup should be one inch for all margins and double space for all lines. Font size and style are 12 point Times New Roman. You should use APA format for paper text, tables and references. All students should submit a data analysis OUTPUT file to blackboard to show the instructor what data analyses you have done for the research. Additional Notes for Results (Statistical Analysis results from SPSS) 1. Frequencies i) Generate frequency tables of those study variables (you may have with either a bar chart based on percentages or a pie chart for each of your nominal or ordinal variables, depending on your needs to emphasize your findings to the readers). ii) Some frequency tables may be suitable for your ratio independent variable with a histogram and the following statistics: Mean, Median and Mode under the Central Tendency column. Select Std. Deviation, Variance, Range, Minimum, and Maximum. 2. Cross-tabulation results You will report those significant correlations found in your research. For example, whether alcohol abuse is related depression? Whether males are more likely to use alcohol? Or if males are more likely to use alcohol heavily than females, etc. You should describe those findings and make sure the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable(s) are all reported. Direction of how to do Cross-tabulation in SPSS program. In the Crosstabs procedure, move your dependent variables to the Row box and move the three nominal and ordinal measures of your independent variables and your recoded independent variable to the Column box. Make sure to select Column percentage in the Cells window and select Chis-quare in Statistics window.

I will provide my student log in information if i hire you so that you have access to all my subject materials with the sources the essay should be mainly based from. These are the instructions: Answer ONE of the following questions. The answer should include material from at least two weeks (ie totalling four weeks). The two answers must not cover the same weeks  (Word count of 1250 words EXACTLY) 1. How does holding an ‘office’ impact accountability?  2. How does viewing raise ethical questions for law or accountability more generally?

you will be analyzing your program to see how closely it follows the principles and pillars of restorative justice. In this summary, you should answer the following questions: you will be using this link for the assignment, this is the program that you are evaluating: it is call Insightprisonprogram.org http://www.insightprisonproject.org/what-we-do.html 1. What is the name of the program and what types of restorative justice model does it follow (FGC, Victim-Offender Mediation, Sentencing circle – etc…). 2. What is the specific structure of the program (you can talk about how a victim and/or offender ends up in the program, who comes to the meetings, what is discussed at the interactions, is there a plan or action or something different at the end?). (Must be two paragraphs for this answer and number 3) 3. How well does this program follow the restorative justice principles and pillars? You should refer to the lectures and reading materials from earlier in the semester to answer this question. ( For this section I have attached lectures and an article that you can compare to the program the article is ouch easier to compare the program too ) here is the link to the article : https://charterforcompassion.org/restorative-justice/restorative-justice-some-facts-and-history Formatting, Grammar and Citations: Your paper needs to clearly written with an introduction, analysis, and conclusion Intro: tell readers what you are doing, the name of the program and a brief description Analysis: see how well the program follows restorative justice This should be at least 2 paragraphs answering points 2 and 3 above Conclusion: overall, how well does the program follow the principles of restorative justice? Grammar – few errors Citations: APA – use both inline and include your sources (website of the program, readings, or class lectures) Double-spaced, 11 or 12 point font, Calibri or Times New Roman font Word Documents Only

I.D.E.A. Journal (100 points total) Due Date: 11/06/2020 by 11:59pm  The I.D.E.A. Journal is assigned to serve several purposes in this course. Most importantly, this assignment will demonstrate how well each student understands the material, as well as encourage you to view situations in life with an open and objective perspective. This assignment will require you to complete four (4) journal entries over the course of the semester. For each entry you will be required to Identify a situation in real life that exhibits some form of gender bias or gender difference. Once you have identified it, you need to Describe the situation in detail; basically painting a picture of what you witnessed. Then you will need to Explain what you witnessed, including why you think this gender difference occurred. Finally, you need to Apply explanations we have discussed in class and material we have covered to the specific situation you observed.    Ideally, I would like for all journal entries to be from personal experience; however, you will be able to use news sources for up to two (2) of your entries. The other two (2) of your journal entries must be from either your personal experience or that of someone very close to you that has relayed the experience to you. This assignment is going to require you to “think outside the box”.    Each journal entry should be 1-2 pages in length, typed, double-spaced, Times New Roman 12 pt font, with 1 inch margins on all sides. Your completed journal (not each entry) should include one title page that includes your name, the current semester, and the name of the assignment. The only information that should be provided on each entry should be the entry number, date of observation, and location of observation. You have a significant amount of freedom with this assignment. Your journal will be graded based on writing conventions, content, and application of course material to real-life situations.    I have provided some example entries from past students for you to look over to get a better idea of what I expect from this assignment. Please do not hesitate to ask any questions if you have them.

In the search for the “criminal man,” many theories and explanations have been posited throughout many different contexts, or eras. Yet, it appears that from early times of spiritualism, to the post Enlightenment eras of the Classical and Positivists Schools, none of these theories have been able to crack the secret regarding the sole reason for criminal conduct, accurately predict crime trends, nor necessarily clearly forecast the future of “criminal man.  (Links to an external site.) Please respond to the following question. Make sure you include at least one peer-reviewed reference: Why is it so difficult to pinpoint the root cause of criminal behavior, or to accurately predict crime trends?

For this project, you need to write a film critique of the movie Forrest Gump. Using course content, write an essay explaining whether or not the crimes portrayed in the movie are accurate to how things happen in real life. You may discuss crime trends during the 1960s, specific crimes in the movie such as drug abuse, aggravated assault, racism, and sexual abuse, or apply class theories to characters’ actions.  Requirements: -5 pages in length -3 references to crimes or crime theories (example: Strain Theory, Jenny’s drug use, aggravated assault during the protests) -Statistics and class content to support each reference to crimes or crime theories.  -PROPER GRAMMAR; any paper with more than 10 mistakes in the first paragraph is an automatic re-write before I will grade it. You are always permitted to have someone else look over your paper when it is finished and suggest edits. ——- This is not a research paper. Nothing needs to be cited. If you have questions about information from class or the book I can send it. Statistics that you do find online, please leave the links at the end but most information should come from the book and/or powerpoints. ——- This the book:  Criminology (Justice Series) (3rd Edition) by Frank Schmalleger ISBN-13: 978-0133805628 ISBN-10: 013380562X I have powerpoints but the book is more in-depth. We’ve only read Chapter: 1, 2, 3, 9, 10, 11 and 12

Please write a 2 and a half page essay plus the cited references page using the criminal case of the 3 articles attached. Relate it to juvenile delinquency in general. Must be APA 6th 12PT Instructor Instructions: APA format, Times New Roman, 12 pt. You may use more than one newspaper article and make sure you cite what article(s) that were used.

2. Critical Analysis (4 ¾  pages, double-spaced, maximum)   a)     Directly quote what you found to be the most compelling thesis statement, related to gendered violence, in the readings of the module.  State the thesis statement in your own words. b)    Respond analytically to the thesis statement, using the material in the module as a framework for your analysis. Explain why you find the argument compelling. Explain, in your own words, a few important pieces of evidence used by the author to support their argument. Develop your own analysis in response to the compelling argument and evidence. Use the module readings and videos, and their analyses, concepts, and evidence in crafting your analytical response. Make sure you support your own analysis with credible evidence.   The content of the paper must reflect an understanding of all of the course readings, videos, and seminar discussions. You may use other course readings to support your analysis, but the focus must be on the material from the module chosen. Personal examples or examples from your own life cannot be used in this assignment.   Avoid lengthy quotes, but adhere to academic integrity in the use of other authors’ and students’ words and ideas. This assignment should convey your ideas and                                                 your analysis of other authors’ work.   Your development of analytical thinking and writing is important to this assignment. ***Sources will be provided to you.

Annotated Bibliography (5 entries) NOTE: This assignment is preparation for the literature review (paper). The more effort you put into this assignment, the less time-consuming completing the literature review will be. NOTE: Before you complete this assignment, you must first come up with a question that you wish to answer? This will also be the question that you will answer with your literature review. Example Questions A) What is the relationship between media consumption and attitudes toward tough on crime policies? B) How does media depiction of crime and criminality vary across demographic factors?? C) Which form of media (new vs. entertainment) has the most influence on public attitudes towards crime and justice? NOTE: Each annotated bibliography entry must describe an empirical study that helps you answer your question. In other words, all five entries must be about the same specific topic/question. NOTE: If you cannot find studies to help you answer your question, you must refine/develop a new one. NOTE: Use Times New Roman – font size 12. Save your paper as a Word document in the following format: First and Last name_CRIM_105_Annotated Bib. Example: John Snow_CRIM 105_Annotated Bib. Paper: Literature Review Write a literature review on one of the preselected questions (see D2L) NOTE: You can write a literature review on a crime and media topic of your choosing, but you must first get it approved by me. NOTE: Your paper must include at least five peer-reviewed empirical studies. Your paper must be presented in APA format. Please submit an electronic copy of your paper via email. Please use Times New Roman – font size 12. Save your paper as a Word document in the following format: First and Last Name_CRIM 105 _Lit. Rev. Paper (Literature Review) 1000 – 1200 words (content only)

Students will be required to research a correctional institution or jurisdiction and select a program from its treatment options. Students are responsible to provide an overview and analysis of the program from the lens of concepts learned in class to include how offenders are assessed and selected for the program, for whom the program is most beneficial, how the program addresses offenders’ risk and criminogenic needs, demonstrated program effectiveness, program model etc. Students need to compose a 3-5 page paper The paper also must include supporting information from a minimum of three primary academic journal resources. 1.    Program description including who (risk) and what (needs) the program targets; 2.    Overview of program format and duration; 3.    How offenders are assessed and selected for the program; 4.    General research that provides empirical findings about the type of program being analyzed, its effectiveness, how it addresses criminogenic needs etc.; 5.    Specific research, if available, about the program’s effectiveness and suggestions for improvement, expansion etc. Grading will be conducted based on the following: ·        Submission of proposed subject and list of three (minimum) academic journal sources (Due by 11/10) ·        Students are required to develop a description of the program and the jurisdiction in which the program operates  ·       Students must synthesize concepts from the course and empirical research from a minimum of three academic journal sources within the analysis of the program ·       Students must articulate who and what the program targets, provide information known about the program’s effectiveness, if available, and/or any research that would be beneficial to assess the program ·        Papers should be free of typos and grammatical errors and should flow in an organized format. Writing style should be formal, concise and clear. All sources must be cited in text.  Citations are required to be in APA format and the paper is required to have a bibliography.  Papers should have 1 inch margins and 12 point font. ·       Students are required to present their program analysis to the class as if he/she is assessing the program within the jurisdiction in which it operates.  Students should also participate in others’ presentations by asking questions, provide  comments etc. regarding the program analysis.