Criminology

My proposal for my topic is the effectiveness of stop and frisk. Stop and frisk fails to promote justice and fair society because it creates a society where one group is lesser than another. The stop and frisk policy upholds racial profiling which is a kind of racism committed by the police. This policy is utterly unconstitutional and impinging on one’s civil right of freedom to movement and freedom to privacy. Is stop and frisk justifiable, is it justifiable in certain circumstances. It is assume that the stop and frisk promote racial profiling and guides to prejudice towards Blacks and Latinos.  Teacher: Your paper needs to focus on the effectiveness of the practice: does it reduce crime? Submit an annotated bibliography of at least five scholarly articles for your approved research paper topic. An annotated bibliography is an alphabetical list of sources. In addition to the bibliographic information, for each source you provide a paragraph-length annotation. Each annotation should identify the source’s topic, research question(s), argument, and major findings or conclusions. Annotations should also identify how the source will be useful for your project.  Please provide a link to the article. The bibliography should be in APA format. See posted materials for guidance on creating an annotated bibliography.

1.  What are the assumptions your professional socialization and/or popular culture holds about convicted felons? 2.   What do you believe accounts for the resistance to Restorative Justice?   Why?   What would be the impact, if any,  of a widespread acceptance of such a program?

Mizrahi, Stephanie Lipson, Joshua Dressler, and George Thomas III. 2018. The Law of Criminal Investigations: A College Casebook. St. Paul, MN: West Academic Publishing.Each discussion should be labeled by discussion number so please make that clear to tell by numbering the questions. Each discussion question should be around 100-175 words. Plagiarism free and I want the plagiarism report / turn it in report after assignment is completed.Discussion Question 1-1: Based on your readings this week, identify where you see the failures and successes in the criminal justice system. Based on what you have read, what do you think are the key requirements of a successful criminal justice system. Put another way, how do you define a “successful” criminal justice system. How do you think we are doing so far?Very nice posts by all in this thread! I post these remarks here simply for feedback — not to shut down the conversation. All posts made through December 17 still count.The failures identified in the cases of Brown and Powell are pretty obvious and, I think we can safely say, would not happen today. Most of you also pointed out the key success. The convictions were overturned; no one was actually executed. I know this seems like a pretty low bar by which to judge the success of a criminal justice system, but in the South of the 1930s it was huge. As noted in one of the Notes after Powell, citizens and officials both in Alabama were shocked at the public outrage the original convictions caused. Their reasoning: “We held a trial. They weren’t lynched.”A variety of criteria were listed as part of a successful criminal justice system — of the ideal we are striving for — including integrity, equality, fairness, and punishment that holds people accountable for their actions and provides for justice but also rehabilitates. The general view seems to be that while we have improved tremendously over the decades, very much still needs to be done. The basic foundations and structure of the system are sound — the implementation needs a lot of work.Many called for all defendants to be treated equally. Here lies one of the greatest tensions in the system between fairness and equality, both key values this country was founded on. Equality requires that all defendants accused of the same crime be treated the same and given the same sentence. Fairness requires that individual circumstances such as criminal history, age, mental capacity, intent, and others be taken into account in sentencing. This should be the function of judicial discretion, but abuse of that discretion led to mandatory minimums and other strict sentencing guidelines that reduced judges’ ability to take individual differences into account. Hence, the concerns raised by many of you about overly harsh sentences and a lack of any ability to equip those in prison to return to society. Some of that is a function of the fact that the prison system is simply overwhelmed by the sheer numbers it was never meant to deal with. As a result, we are starting to see a backlash against rigid sentencing schemes and a return of more discretion to frontline judges.Discussion Question 2-1: The now famous concurrence by Justice Harlan in Katz v. United States sets out the two-pronged test that has governed Fourth Amendment law ever since. What is that test? Think about the questions posed in Note 4 following Katz (pg. 90 of our text). As you progress through this course and you (hopefully) gain a better understanding of what the government can and cannot do under the Fourth Amendment, does your expectation of privacy change? Put another way, do criminal justice professionals have a different basis for their expectation of privacy under the Fourth Amendment than do lay citizens? Should they? What role, if any, do the cases of U.S. v. White and Smith v. Maryland play in your answer?Discussion Question 3-1: On page 209, our textbook briefly describes a case called Warden v. Hayden. In note 4 on page 218, our book discusses the case of Welsh v. Wisconsin. Briefly describe the difference between the two cases based on the information you are given. Do you agree with how the Court distinguished these two cases?Discussion Question 4-1: Review note 4 (page 342) following the seminal case of Terry v. Ohio. Which arguments — those of Amar or those of Sundby — do you agree with and why? Assuming that probable cause and the requirements of exigent circumstances obviated the need for McFadden to get a warrant (feel free to challenge that assumption if you wish), was the concept of “reasonable suspicion” needed and worth the uncertainty in the law it seems to have generated?Use this for this link for this question : Discussion Question 6-1: Compare the “questioning” in Rhode Island v. Innis and Brewer v. Williams. Briefly describe what happened in each case. If you were the judge in both cases, which of the incriminating statements would you allow to be used at trial (if either one) and why? Should the answer be different depending on whether the right to counsel is being invoked under the 5th Amendment or the 6th Amendment?Discussion Question 7-1: Do you think we have met the promise of cases like Powell v. Alabama and Gideon v. Wainright? In what ways? What is still left to do? Have your views on the successes and failures of the criminal justice system changed in any way from the beginning of the semester? Why or why not? Support your answer. (For this question, you may want to pay particular attention to the notes and readings after the cases as well as the cases themselves).

Text to use: Mizrahi, Stephanie Lipson, Joshua Dressler, and George Thomas III. 2018. The Law of Criminal Investigations: A College Casebook. St. Paul, MN: West Academic Publishing. Each discussion should be labeled by discussion number so please make that clear to tell by numbering the questions. Each discussion question should be around 100-175 words. Plagiarism free and I want the plagiarism report / turn it in report after assignment is completed.  Discussion Question 1-1: Based on your readings this week, identify where you see the failures and successes in the criminal justice system. Based on what you have read, what do you think are the key requirements of a successful criminal justice system. Put another way, how do you define a “successful” criminal justice system. How do you think we are doing so far? Very nice posts by all in this thread! I post these remarks here simply for feedback — not to shut down the conversation. All posts made through December 17 still count. The failures identified in the cases of Brown and Powell are pretty obvious and, I think we can safely say, would not happen today. Most of you also pointed out the key success. The convictions were overturned; no one was actually executed. I know this seems like a pretty low bar by which to judge the success of a criminal justice system, but in the South of the 1930s it was huge. As noted in one of the Notes after Powell, citizens and officials both in Alabama were shocked at the public outrage the original convictions caused. Their reasoning: “We held a trial. They weren’t lynched.” A variety of criteria were listed as part of a successful criminal justice system — of the ideal we are striving for — including integrity, equality, fairness, and punishment that holds people accountable for their actions and provides for justice but also rehabilitates. The general view seems to be that while we have improved tremendously over the decades, very much still needs to be done. The basic foundations and structure of the system are sound — the implementation needs a lot of work. Many called for all defendants to be treated equally. Here lies one of the greatest tensions in the system between fairness and equality, both key values this country was founded on. Equality requires that all defendants accused of the same crime be treated the same and given the same sentence. Fairness requires that individual circumstances such as criminal history, age, mental capacity, intent, and others be taken into account in sentencing. This should be the function of judicial discretion, but abuse of that discretion led to mandatory minimums and other strict sentencing guidelines that reduced judges’ ability to take individual differences into account. Hence, the concerns raised by many of you about overly harsh sentences and a lack of any ability to equip those in prison to return to society. Some of that is a function of the fact that the prison system is simply overwhelmed by the sheer numbers it was never meant to deal with. As a result, we are starting to see a backlash against rigid sentencing schemes and a return of more discretion to frontline judges. Discussion Question 2-1: The now famous concurrence by Justice Harlan in Katz v. United States sets out the two-pronged test that has governed Fourth Amendment law ever since. What is that test? Think about the questions posed in Note 4 following Katz (pg. 90 of our text). As you progress through this course and you (hopefully) gain a better understanding of what the government can and cannot do under the Fourth Amendment, does your expectation of privacy change? Put another way, do criminal justice professionals have a different basis for their expectation of privacy under the Fourth Amendment than do lay citizens? Should they? What role, if any, do the cases of U.S. v. White and Smith v. Maryland play in your answer? Discussion Question 3-1: On page 209, our textbook briefly describes a case called Warden v. Hayden. In note 4 on page 218, our book discusses the case of Welsh v. Wisconsin. Briefly describe the difference between the two cases based on the information you are given. Do you agree with how the Court distinguished these two cases? Discussion Question 4-1: Review note 4 (page 342) following the seminal case of Terry v. Ohio. Which arguments — those of Amar or those of Sundby — do you agree with and why? Assuming that probable cause and the requirements of exigent circumstances obviated the need for McFadden to get a warrant (feel free to challenge that assumption if you wish), was the concept of “reasonable suspicion” needed and worth the uncertainty in the law it seems to have generated? Use this for this link for this question : 

How would you compare the peace settlement after World War II with the Treaty of Versailles in 1919? Do you think the settlement signed at Potsdam was better or worse than its predecessor?

How did the Roman and Byzantine worlds influence African art?

Include your name, student number, course number, course title and unit number with your writing assignment.  • Begin each writing assignment by identifying the question number you are answering followed by the actual question itself (in bold type).  • Use a standard essay format for responses to all questions (i.e., an introduction, middle paragraphs and conclusion).  • Responses must be typed double-spaced, using a standard font (i.e. Times New Roman) and 12 point type size.

Students will be required to research a correctional institution or jurisdiction and select a program from its treatment options. Students are responsible to provide an overview and analysis of the program from the lens of concepts learned in class to include how offenders are assessed and selected for the program, for whom the program is most beneficial, how the program addresses offenders’ risk and criminogenic needs, demonstrated program effectiveness, program model etc. Students need to compose a 3-5 page paper The paper also must include supporting information from a minimum of three primary academic journal resources. 1.    Program description including who (risk) and what (needs) the program targets; 2.    Overview of program format and duration; 3.    How offenders are assessed and selected for the program; 4.    General research that provides empirical findings about the type of program being analyzed, its effectiveness, how it addresses criminogenic needs etc.; 5.    Specific research, if available, about the program’s effectiveness and suggestions for improvement, expansion etc. Grading will be conducted based on the following: ·        Submission of proposed subject and list of three (minimum) academic journal sources (Due by 11/10) ·        Students are required to develop a description of the program and the jurisdiction in which the program operates  ·       Students must synthesize concepts from the course and empirical research from a minimum of three academic journal sources within the analysis of the program ·       Students must articulate who and what the program targets, provide information known about the program’s effectiveness, if available, and/or any research that would be beneficial to assess the program ·        Papers should be free of typos and grammatical errors and should flow in an organized format. Writing style should be formal, concise and clear. All sources must be cited in text.  Citations are required to be in APA format and the paper is required to have a bibliography.  Papers should have 1 inch margins and 12 point font. ·       Students are required to present their program analysis to the class as if he/she is assessing the program within the jurisdiction in which it operates.  Students should also participate in others’ presentations by asking questions, provide  comments etc. regarding the program analysis.

what are the “social facts” or social norms that we take for granted within our current economic, political, and social systems? Do those social facts lead to strong solidarity across the nation? Or do they weaken solidarity across the nation? Do they strengthen solidarity in more isolated ways and settings? Or do they weaken solidarity in more isolated ways and settings?In order to answer this, you should provide at least one piece of outside evidence from the news / world events. You will also be using your own life as an example, as well, but that cannot take the place of this piece of outside evidence, because part of what we’re looking for here is the ability to apply our own arguments and theoretical frameworks to an analysis of the world.

My proposal for my topic is the effectiveness of stop and frisk. Stop and frisk fails to promote justice and fair society because it creates a society where one group is lesser than another. The stop and frisk policy upholds racial profiling which is a kind of racism committed by the police. This policy is utterly unconstitutional and impinging on one’s civil right of freedom to movement and freedom to privacy. Is stop and frisk justifiable, is it justifiable in certain circumstances. It is assume that the stop and frisk promote racial profiling and guides to prejudice towards Blacks and Latinos.  Teacher: Your paper needs to focus on the effectiveness of the practice: does it reduce crime? Submit an annotated bibliography of at least five scholarly articles for your approved research paper topic. An annotated bibliography is an alphabetical list of sources. In addition to the bibliographic information, for each source you provide a paragraph-length annotation. Each annotation should identify the source’s topic, research question(s), argument, and major findings or conclusions. Annotations should also identify how the source will be useful for your project.  Please provide a link to the article. The bibliography should be in APA format. See posted materials for guidance on creating an annotated bibliography.