Biology

Pick 1 neurotransmitters out of this list (acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate, or GABA)  and discuss their functions, as well as the brain areas they originate in and/or affect. After describing this, talk about 1 drug that affects each of these neurotransmitters. You should describe how the drug affects the neurotransmitter and the effects it produces in the body. Be sure to use complete sentences when answering this question.

The effects of anthropogenic activities on the biosphere including climate change and Ocean acidification The ocean absorbs around 30% of carbon dioxide (CO2) released to the atmosphere as a result of human activities. As CO2 dissolves in seawater, it forms carbonic acid, decreasing the ocean’s pH. This is called ocean acidification. The acidity of the ocean has increased by 26% since the beginning of the industrial era. In at least 2 pages , define anthropogenic activities, describe how such activities can have a negative effect on ocean acidification and climate change, and provide some solutions to overcome these issues. 25 – 30 points Met learning outcome 10:Understand the effects of anthropogenic activities on the biosphere including climate change and Ocean acidification and answered all the questions on the prompt and  properly cited from acceptable sources.

Type your submission, double-spaced, in a Times New Roman font, size 12. Use a standard document format with 1-inch margins. (Do not use any fancy or cursive fonts.) Use proper APA formatting. Include in-text citations and a reference page in APA style. On this page list websites, journals, and all other references used in preparing the submission. Also include a cover page and in-text citations.  Describe the background and basic issue of your chosen topic. Describe the basic argument of opposing viewpoints. Identify the strengths and weaknesses of both views. Choose which view you agree with. (Only in the conclusion) Explain why you agree with that view.

Relying on the most recent research findings, since 2014 and after, critically evaluate, analyze, and discuss the interdependence between the Lymphatic System & the Nervous System. No more than 1 page (references NOT included), typed, single spaced, 1-inch margins, 10-point type size, supported by(2) peer review journal articles.

Notes: Although there is a minimum word count of 2,000 words for this exam, you will find that it is likely going to require more than the minimum to fully answer the question. You may not copy or quote from any source. All information must be re-written in your own words. Answer all questions. Point value: 100 points. Read the course Style Guide for detailed instructions of structure and format. Exams must be submitted by the due date and time. Late Exams are NOT accepted without prior approval. Submit early to Turnitin.comDo not include the questions on your essays and exams.Question 1: Fertilization and Nerve Conduction (25 points) Describe fertilization and nerve conduction in terms of the properties of membranes and membrane polarization. Include in your answer:a. the development of the “resting potential” in the egg and the neuron and the events occurring during fertilization and an”action potential”b. the events that lead to slow and fast blocks to polyspermyc. a description of the differences between the “wave of depolarization” that passes over the egg and the “action potential” that propagates along a neuron Question 2: Excretion and Osmoregulation (25 points) Describe nitrogenous waste removal and salt and water balance (osmoregulation) of birds. Include in your answer: a. a comparison of avian and mammalian kidneys with special reference to the structures and functions of nephrons b. the blood circulatory pattern of the avian kidney and the function of the renal portal valves c. the structure and function of salt glands and the advantage for birds of a non-pressure based compared to a pressure-based osmoregulatory mechanism Question 3: Animal Life Histories (25 points) Compare and contrast the life histories (life cycles) of invertebrate animals from different phyla using specific animal examples.Include in your answer:a. a description of fertilization, cleavage, and embryonic development of eggs with different amounts of yolkb. the many advantages of life histories that include a larval stage for marine animals and for insects c. a description of the life history of parasitic trematode worms and the features that increase reproductive success even thoughthe life histories are complex and must pass through multiple hosts d. the advantages of asexual reproduction and the advantages of sexual reproductionQuestion 4: Tides and Seasons (25 points)Compare and contrast seasons and tides in temperate and tropical areas with respect to the positions of Earth and Luna, Earth’s tilt relative to its orbital plane, and insolation. Include in your answer: a. a description for the reasons for seasons b. how tides are produced and the reasons that tides are more extreme in temperate latitudes compared to tropical latitudes c. how tides affect the vertical distribution (zonation) of marine animals d. descriptions of specific adaptations of animals for survival in splash, high tide, middle tide and low tide zones.References Immediately following the essay, two lines below the last line of your essay, list all sources used in writing your essay to answer the question. Do not use in-text citations and do not use footnotes. Simply list your sources in this “References” section. You must have a References section with at least five references which you have used in preparing your answers: the course textbook, and at least four additional sources. If you do not include a References section, you will lose 10 points (2 points for each missing source). Be sure to include the References section with your submission to Turnitin. If you forget, you are able to re-submit until the deadline, but not after.

Acid Base Case Study Henry was admitted to the emergency room with the following symptoms headache, nauseous, confused and extreme sleepiness. Labs were drawn and the following results were returned: Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) pH: 7.25 Pco2: 33 HCO3-: 15 mEq/L Answer the following questions, including detail and appropriate explanations: o What is an ABG? Why or when is it usually performed? What are the normal values for the labs listed above? Describe the 3 systems in the body that work together to regulate pH. What type of acid/base imbalance is present in Henry? Is Henry’s body compensating? If so is it partially or fully compensated? Explain your reasoning. Explain how the compensatory mechanism is going to affect this imbalance. Relate your answer to the following equation:  CO2 + H20 ? H2CO3 ? HCO3- + H+ What organ system is responsible for compensating in this case? What changes will be observable when the organ system compensates?  Explain 3 common causes of this type of acid/base imbalance.

Biology is a dynamic science in the sense that our understanding of biology may change as new information is gathered through its study. Describe how biology is a dynamic science and how that relates to your own personal career path. For example, if you plan to go into the medical field – what aspects of our understanding of biology are dynamic? You should reflect on your broad understanding of the biological sciences and how the study of biology must be flexible to change. Describe how that change persists in your field of choice and measures taken in that field to be amenable to change.  3-5 paragraphs Include references where relevant (e.g., direct quotations, data, principles/ideas not your own, etc.)

Microbiology Unknown Organism Assignment Unknown Organism: Salmonella typhimurium.   Must be APA format, more than one paragraph, references cited. Describe one disease or condition, human or veterinary, that the identified organism is a pathogen for. If the organism is non-pathogenic, describe in full one use of it as tool in biotechnology. (Infection does not count; you must be more specific). Your answer to this question should be in complete sentences and more than one paragraph, references should be provided. The research for this section should be complete and detailed. All sources must be cited using APA format.  Disease or condition: Full name of disease, mechanism of the disease (what does this organism do that causes a disease state in the host), toxins or cell damage description. Treatment of the disease both supportive and pharmaceutical. Include the prevalence of the disease in the United States and any programs or research that may be ongoing for the disease. Biotechnology Use: What field of biotechnology is the organism being used in. List the use, what it is being used to produce and what the purpose and function of that biotech product is. Describe if it is used for industrial or pharmaceutical purposes. List the company currently using the organism and of the product is already on the market or still in research.

Congestive Heart Failure Pathophysiology: How and Why Does it Happen? I need a reference page Please make sure it is SPECIFICALLY about congestive heart failure.  Use this website as one of the sources please: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430873/

In this discussion, you will examine the body’s immune mechanisms. Objectives Describe the different types of immunity. Describe selected disorders of the immune system, including allergies and lupus. Explain the difference between active immunity and passive immunity. Instructions Step 1: Respond to the following: When the human body is invaded by foreign microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses, it produces an immune response. Choose one example of a bacterium or virus to discuss. What actions does the body produce in its immune response to invasion by the particular bacterium or virus you selected? Explain your answer. Would active or passive immunity be more effective against this bacterium or virus? Why?