Biology

How do our microflora affect us? Be sure to do the following before starting your discussion: Go  to http://commonfund.nih.gov/hmp/index and learn about Human Microbiome Project. Go to https://www.bbc.com/news/health-18422288 and listen to the BBC radio program on Human Microbiomes. Read these articles: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/19/science/studies-of-human-microbiome-yield-new-insights.html?emc=eta1 http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/19/magazine/say-hello-to-the-100-trillion-bacteria-that-make-up-your-microbiome.html?pagewanted%3Dall Based what you have learned from the website, article, and chapter 14 (from the textbook Microbiology: An Introduction (13th edition) by Tortora, Funke and Case Published by Pearson/Benjamin Cummings. The 12th edition is also acceptable.) about microflora, write a two paragraph discussion on how microflora influence our health and what can we do to sustain a healthy microflora in our body.

Students are required to write a paper on the topic of trigeminal nerve damage. The content of the paper should include a section describing the function of the trigeminal nerves (V?, V?, V?), potential nerve damage and related side effects, and treatment of the Trigeminal nerve.  The written report should be 3 pages (paragraph form), double spaced, 12pt. font, Times New Roman, 1” margins. A cover sheet must be attached which lists the assignment title, the student’s name, the course title, and the date. At least 3 references are required, with at least 1 reference originating from a peer-reviewed journal (the references is not included in your page count).   Cover Page: (Name, Class Title, Date, Paper Title) References: (does not count toward required pages) Include a copy of at least 2 journals/research papers referenced. Books, magazines or journals, with an author, can be referenced. Use the Learning Resource Center for your research and printing needs. Your access to publications such as books, magazines and journals. https://www.galepages.com/miss22358 (Link will open in new tab.) (Links to an external site.) Use National Library of Medicine (NLM) format. For details: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html (Link will open in new tab.) (Links to an external site.) References are numbered in the order they appear in your report, not alphabetically. Example within the body of the paper: Dental caries has decreased significantly in the past 30 years.1 Notice that there are no spaces between punctuation and the numbered reference Example for references page: 1. Skaar DS, O’Connor H, Luepker, MD. Dental procedures and risk of experiencing a second vascular event in a Medicare population. JADA. 2012;143(11):1190-1198.

Instructors instructions: For this assignment, you will conduct a literature review in support of my ongoing research. I will post some suggestions of useful search terms that you may use inside a google scholar search or library search. All sources described in the paper should be more recent than 2015 (coincidentally the year of my daughter’s birth).You should summarize current research and describe it in such a way that you are demonstrating one of the course learning objectives, specifically to “characterize an organism’s proximal/ecological response to its environment in contrast to its ultimate/adaptive response through evolution.” The key theme is diving behavior of pelagic filter-feeding megafauna, which includes organisms such as whale sharks, basking sharks, and manta rays. However other pelagic species that exhibit deep diving behavior (> 200 m) are also of interest so if tunas, sharks, sperm whales, or other mammals interest you then they can be your focal species. I am also interested in the ecological association with the “sound-scattering layer” or “deep scattering layer.” I may also be interesting to compare multiple species in the same body of water, or the same species in multiple bodies of water. You are free to get creative and let your own curiosity guide your research.    Like any collegiate paper, use proper citations (APA style), and should include a minimum of 5 peer-reviewed scientific journal articles.  Word count: 1600- 2000 words (not including literature cited section, 12 pt font, 1.5 spaced). -Your literature review should be so through that I get a solid understanding of the papers you are describing AND your connection to how this research pertains to our course objectives. The paper should not only have excessive quotations directly from articles, where you were just citing chunks of information rather than synthesizing it!! Instructors on going research:  A manuscript from my whale shark research has been provisionally accepted!  This ties in directly with the literature review, however this is NOT one of the articles that you can include. You must review 5 peer-reviewed journals published since 2015.   The publication in which I am a co-author is titled:  1- Seasonal occurrence, horizontal movements, and habitat use patterns of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) in the Gulf of Mexico  (Links to an external site.)  https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.598515/abstract 2- and is part of a special journal research topic titled:  Movement and Connectivity of Large Pelagic Sharks  (https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/13130/movement-and-connectivity-of-large-pelagic-sharks#articles)

In molecular biology and genetics, mutations are accidental changes in a genomic sequence of DNA. Using the South University Online Library or the Internet, research genetic mutations. On the basis of your research, respond to the following:  Define a genetic mutation. Analyze and describe the different types of genetic mutations and their effects. Then discuss, in detail, the role played by DNA and RNA in genetic diseases. Assess and describe the breakthroughs, if any, in the treatment and management of genetic diseases.  Discussion Question 2  Using the South University Online Library or the Internet as your research tool, respond to the following:  Explain the relation between muscles, ATP energy, and the calcium ion.

Students will discuss reproductive system pathologies Objectives Define the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the reproductive system. Instructions Step 1: Answer the following: Testicular and breast self-examinations are one way to help identify these types of cancer early. Do you think that individuals partake in the self-examinations as often as they should? What do you think can be done to promote the awareness and effectiveness of these examinations? How could explaining the treatment options, if the cancer advances, influence an individual’s desire to be more proactive today?

I need to write a research paper on coral reefs. My professor gave me some pointers including but not limited to: What groups they classify in and Phylum, how they get energy, how they produce skeleton, habitat requirements, how they feed, and how many different species for the introduction. I’m assuming that the body will be about different kinds of corals that exist, and fun facts about them. in conclusion I’d like to talk about how they are in trouble and what we can do to help.

In your own words, and in a well-formed paragraph, please answer the following questions. You must cite any and all sources of information. Kelly sprained her ankle and had to use crutches. After about two weeks she noticed her fingers were becoming numb, followed by weakness in her arms, accompanied by tingling . Explain what has happened with respect to specific nerves in that region. What plexus and nerves are involved, and what is causing her symptoms.  Can you propose a remedy?  In your own words list and describe three anatomical differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System. Be sure to define and explain the terms you use. You step a sharp object and remove your foot quickly while maintaining your balance.  What type of reflex is this?  Describe the reflex arc in detail, identifying all components and describing their role in carrying out the actions involved.   How does this differ from the reflex activated by touching a hot object?

Discuss in details the Clostridium difficile infection. Make sure to include: background info, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, statistical studies

A biological community is made up of many different species. Some of these species interact directly with each other. The most common type of direct interaction is the relationship is represented by the lines on a food web: one species eating another. These can be herbivore/plant interactions, predator/prey interactions, scavenger/detritus interactions, etc. There are also other, less obvious types of direct interactions: one species might rely on another for survival or reproduction (think about plants and their pollinators, for example). There can also be indirect interactions between species. In this case, species A and species B might not interact directly, but if they both interact with species C, then changes in species A can affect species C, which can in turn affect species B. Competition is a common example of an indirect interaction – when two species rely on the same third species, an increase in the population of one of the two species can have indirect effects on the population of the other species, mediated by its effect on their shared resource. In this activity, we’re asking you to think about some of these direct and indirect species interactions and how they scale up to shape the overall structure and function of ecological communities. Question 1: Think of an organism you’ve encountered in the wild (perhaps during your Module 12 Eukaryotes assignment?), and decide on 4 additional species with which this focal organism interacts, either directly or indirectly. Your five species can be terrestrial or aquatic, but should all be species within a single community, and should include organisms at several different trophic levels.  (NOTE: You should select species that have not already been used as examples in this course.  So no sea otters / kelp forests, or Isle Royale wolves / moose, etc.) Draw these the interactions between your focal species and the 4 interacting species, using solid lines for direct interactions and dotted lines for indirect interactions. For each species you include, identify its trophic level, and make sure to identify which of the five species is your focal species. You can draw this by hand and take a picture/scan it, or you can use the drawing tools in MS Office. If you draw it by hand, please make sure to write your name on the paper.  If you use images that you did not create in your submission, please make sure to cite the sources they came from. Question 2: In full sentences/paragraphs, describe the qualitative nature of the interactions between your focal species and each of the other four species you chose. For which species is each interaction beneficial? Harmful? Neutral? Which relationships are cases of competition? Predation/parasitism? Mutualism? Commensalism? Question 3: Next, imagine that the ecosystem where your focal species lives undergoes one of the following changes: Strange and unseasonable weather strikes your ecosystem: higher air temperatures reduce soil moisture levels and raise water temperatures (if you are thinking of an aquatic system); OR An exotic herbivorous invertebrate is accidentally introduced to the ecosystem through the mass transit system. Choose one environmental change and describe in full sentences/paragraphs how it might directly affect your focal species. Question 4: Now, predict how the environmental change may indirectly affect your focal organism by affecting each of the four interacting species you drew. Hint: Write down a short prediction for the overall effect of the environmental change on each of the four interacting organisms and then, based on the type of species interaction you drew between it and the focal organism, predict the indirect effect on the focal organism. Question 5: How might the changes you described in questions 3 & 4 affect humans? These effects can be ecological, social and/or economic in nature. Question 6: Imagine you’re a land manager whose job it is to protect the ecological community of Yellowstone National Park. You’ve been asked to allow people to acquire permits that would let them hunt wolves from the reestablished population in and around the park. What would the direct consequences of allowing this hunting be? What would the indirect consequences be? What factors would be important to consider in making the decision of whether or not to allow hunting? Why do you think decisions of this sort often have unexpected or unintended consequences?

create a pamphlet with pictures explaining the muscular system The following project will be to a tri-fold pamphlet where you can decide which three you will create your own special projects. Some of the following guidelines are as followed: 1. Minimum of six sections. (you choose the topic: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 2. You can create this pamphlet by hand, publisher, word…..  3. Drawings and labels are necessary.  4. Define and underline terms.  5. State the obvious about the topic.  6. The project has to be in your own words.  7. If you copied your work from another person, the project does not count. (You earn a Zero) (Remember that this project is to help you understand the topics that will be applied in future biology courses)  8. Include a bibliography on where you received your information.  9. If you just cut and paste your information it is called plagiarism and it will not be tolerated.  10. Use the provided rubric and if you have any question about your brochure please see me. (As many times as you need. Do not procrastinate…) Due Date: You must email the three trifold three days prior to the final exam. If your three trifolds are sent after the due date, then you will not be able to earn maximum points.