Biology

A paper has to be rewritten to reduce the similarity with another paper previously submitted the submitted copy and the copy with the similarity are both available and the original has to be edited so there’s no plagiarism the cover page is excluded from editing (pages 2-6 are to be editied)

Focus on Case Studies in Neurology ONE REFERENCE INCLUDED BELOW For this assignment you will respond to three case studies. What is a Case Study? “A case study is a narrative used to help you practice real-life analysis and communication skills. It is a learning tool that provides readers with “enough detail…to understand the nature and scope of the problem, and…serve as a springboard for discussion and learning” (O’Rourke, 2007, p. 391). Use your textbook and academic resources from the Library to support your responses. Access the Library directly from Course Resources for this class, or through the student portal. Be sure to cite and reference all your sources. The Library has a feature that allows you to automatically create an APA formatted reference. Your completed case studies should be between 750–1000 words, and all sources must be properly cited using APA format. CASE STUDY #1 1. Amy is cooking dinner for her family. She moves to pull a pot off the stove and accidently touches the burner. She reflexively pulls her finger away from the stove and immediately feels the pain. 1. a. Which receptor neuron is responsible for sending information from her finger to her peripheral nervous system? b. Is this receptor neuron, an afferent or efferent neuron? c. Explain where the information from the receptor neuron is sent and how does it result in Amy moving her finger away from the stove. d. Describe the three classes of neurons involved in this response. e. Evolutionarily, why do you think the human body has this system in place? f. What might happen if we did not have this response? CASE STUDY #2 2. Glen, who is 45 years old, begins to notice that his hands shake (tremors) when he is performing everyday tasks such as signing his signature. His family members have noticed that he also has muffled speech and tends to shuffle when he walks. He is diagnosed with Early Onset Parkinson’s disease. 1. a. What is Early Onset Parkinson’s disease? b. What specific cell type is affected in Parkinson’s disease? c. What is dopamine? What effects does dopamine have on the body? d. Explain the structure of a synapse and why Glen’s neurologist would prescribe him a dopamine agonist? e. Glen has genetic testing performed and it is determined that he does carry an autosomal dominant mutation in the SNCA gene associated with Early Onset Parkinson’s disease. Glen has three children. Would you advise his children to have genetic testing performed to determine if they also carry the disease mutation? Why or why not? CASE STUDY #3 3. Patricia, who is 37 years old, discusses with her physician recent symptoms that she has experienced including blurred vision, numbness in her fingers and face, dizziness, fatigue and weakness. The physician performs multiple neurological tests and she is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). 1. a. What is MS? b. Is MS a disease of the central or peripheral nervous system? c. What is the main cell structure affected in MS? d. How is the action potential of a neuron affected in MS? e. The origins of MS are not clear. What do scientists hypothesize to be the causes of MS? Your assignment should be written in an essay format. The assignment requires you to include details from research including the course materials and sources you locate on your own. Remember to use APA format to cite your sources of information, both within parenthetical citations and also within a reference page at the end of the project. Basic Writing Requirements: • Between 750–1000 words not counting the title or reference pages. • Include a title page, double space, font size 10 or 12. • Include a well-developed introduction and conclusion • Provide exceptional content. • Demonstrate superior organization: use logic. • Free of grammar and spelling errors. • No evidence of plagiarism. • Use APA style for all citations and references. Reference O’Rourke, James S. (2007). Management communication: A case-analysis approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

You will write a one page report on How does an infectious disease become a pandemic disease? Please think about Covid-19 as your example.

This assignment requires you to choose and describe three different protists. It is encouraged that your selection be wildly different. Each description will be no more than one page single spaced. Be aware that this assignment will be analyzed by the Turnitin anti-plagiarism software. Please include the following details: • Describe the evolutionary history • Describe the taxonomy (at least once) • Diagram and label the cell and its contents • Draw and describe the life cycle • Include general information on the organism • Be sure to site any references you used (APA style) Then describe how bacteria grows in half a page three and half pages total

Explain why it is it necessary for the bones of the pelvic girdle to be more massive than the bones of the pectoral girdle. Be sure to list which bones are included in the pelvic girdle and the pectoral girdle as well. Also, explain how weightlessness could affect the skeletal system. For example, astronauts deal with this issue while in space. How might observations of astronauts aid researchers in understanding a condition such as osteoporosis and help develop ways to treat it? Please refer to the handouts I have provided in the “syllabus & resources” section of the course page in Blackboard for guidelines to follow when creating your discussion posts, and for information regarding APA format.

Assignment – The human body is a whole consisting of the following systems that are interconnected: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, sensory, endocrine, cardiovascular and lymphatic, body’s defense, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive. Explain the major functions of each system and link one function to another system explaining how the two systems are interconnected. You can start with any system that you like. ????????????: 2000 ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? 2000 ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? 2,000 Example: 1. Start with the skeletal system that has the following functions (explain each function): support for soft tissues, movement gives a place of attachment for muscles, protection internal organs, storage of minerals (particularly calcium and phosphorus), storage of fat, and production of blood cells in the marrow of certain bones. 2. Then select one function like production of blood cells and discuss the cardiocirculatory system functions (explain briefly each function: gas exchange (red blood cells), blood clotting (platelets), defense (white blood cells) 3. Link white blood cells to protection from diseases and talk of the lymphatic system functions (explain briefly each function). Protecting body against pathogens, remove cellular waste, absorb fats from digestive system. 4. and then continue to link to digestive system and so on…….

Do not use direct quotes at all in this paper. That is plagiarism in science even if you cite it. Title page Introduction paragraph Should include thesis statement that summarizes the main points of body paragraphs / subject of entire paper Broadly introduce topic. Explain enzymes, what affects them, what the paper is about, etc. Body paragraphs Should be at least 3 paragraphs – meaning you have 3 main points to explain about the topic Should have one sentence that summarizes the paragraph or introduces what the paragraph is talking about. Explain how different environmental variables affect enzymes and their function For example, each paragraph could be a different environmental variable, like pH or temp. Conclusion One paragraph that resummarizes the entire research paper Make sure to restate the thesis statement Don’t plagiarize your introduction Literature cited Put 3 sources in apa format in alphabetical order Be sure you cited each source in the text

Lab Report Guidelines For the lab report, you will setup and perform designated 2 experiments. One will demonstrate diffusion, and the other will demonstrate osmosis. Based on the 2 experiments, you will prepare one lab report with experiments on Diffusion and Osmosis. See the experiment instructions provided. Be sure to follow these guidelines for your report. 1. A minimum of 2 references is required. – Credible websites, periodicals, books, newspapers, and journals to compliment your data may be used. 2. PLAGIARIZED PAPERS WILL AUTOMATICALLY RECEIVE A ZERO. NO COPYING and PASTING from websites! 3. Each section in the lap report must be properly labeled as Introduction, Materials & Methods…etc. 4. The length of the total lab report is a minimum of 7 pages –double spaced. See the lab report section instructions on the next page. 5. You may only use Times New Roman, Arial, or Calibri 12 pt font. 6. The margins for each page should NOT be greater than 1 inch. 7. The report and each section MUST be organized in the following order. a. Title page b. Introduction c. Materials & Methods d. Results e. Discussions & Conclusions f. Works Cited 8. Each lab report section should follow the “Lab Report Section Instructions.” See the following page. 9. Grammar, spelling, and punctuation should be used correctly and consistently. Lab Report Section Instructions TITLE PAGE (1 page): Include the lab report title, class name, your name, and due date INTRODUCTION (1 FULL page min.): NO PICTURES • Introduce the topic of the experiment with sufficient background to show your clear understanding of the main topics in the lab exercise. • Background discussion(s) MUST include the following topics: diffusion, osmosis, selective permeability, cell membrane, tonicity, hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions, etc. • For your hypothesis, state what you predict the outcome of each experiment will be and why you think so. MATERIALS AND METHODS (1-2 full pages): NO PICTURES in this section. First, list all materials used through each entire experiment Then, describe all procedures as they were performed (refer to instructions in the powerpoint). DO NOT copy and paste form my document. List the procedures with bullets or numbers. RESULTS: (2 pages min) • Include your pictures AND a graph or table displaying the results (time values, observations, & measured lengths) w • For each image, table, or graph, explain clearly, in sentence form, what the images or graphs are showing. Doing this provides a necessary description. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS: (3/4 page min) • Summarize your results. • Explain why the solutions and materials used in the experiments are suitable. • Discuss whether or not the outcome is as predicted – the results support or refute your hypothesis • If it supports your hypothesis, how closely does it match – are there other factors involved • If not, why? What other factors might be involved? • Indicate the significance of this study (why should we study osmosis and diffusion) WORKS CITIED: (1 page) • Cite all references. The reference should include the author(s) name or initials, year of publication, journal or source, specific volume, and the pages.

Read, analyze and evaluate the article, Three roundabouts, summer and an ice age. Submit a one page double-spaced summary. What is the crux of the article? What new information did you learn? Do you agree or disagree with the views expressed by the author(s)? Why?

After reading the web article on “Early life stress can leave lasting impacts on the brain”, please answer the following: What is the main function of the hippocampus? How is stress related to the hippocampus and amygdala? The authors mention that “unless we understand what part of the brain is affected, we won’t be able to tailor something to do about it,”. What type of therapy or treatment could you envision for a child with these experiences? Or an adult that had them and is now living with the long-term negative effects of a stressful childhood?