Biology

Discuss how we can put microbes to work to facilitate our lives: from keeping our landscape clean to making delicious food and beverages. Review the Learning Activities in Module 9 to assist you with this assignment. Objectives: Recognize the importance of microorganisms in water and sewage treatment plants. Describe food Microbiology, focusing on both preventative infection methods and the implication of specific microbial taxa in food preparation. Describe the employment of microorganisms in industrial Microbiology.Putting bacteria to work Microbial fuel cell

PowerPoint Presentation: Biology and Technology in the Real World  (100 points)Course Outcomes Addressed:recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problemsmake observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanationsweigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific methoduse knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method, and appropriate technologies to ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusionsSelect one of the five topics below.Genetically modified food. Your daughter comes home from school a little perplexed.  In her home economics class, her teacher informed her that you have probably been feeding her genetically modified foods.  She did not fully understand what was meant by genetically modified food.  In an attempt to help her better understand, you prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which you:   1) Explain the purpose of genetically engineering crop plants.  2) Explain how genetically modified foods are created, using the central dogma of molecular biology in your explanation.   3) Name a variety of foods in your supermarket which are or contain genetically modified foods.  4) Explain whether genetically modified foods are safe for human consumption.  Support your answer.   5) List the types of regulations that exist for genetically modified foods. Support your answer.    6) Conclude with your opinion on whether genetically modified food should continue to be produced and consumed, based on information backed by reliable sourcesFor help, you might search the Food and Drug Administration website.Stem cells. Your friend suffered a spinal cord injury after a devastating car accident. The medical team has decided that your friend is a good candidate for a clinical trial using stem cell therapy.  Your friend has not taken a biology course since high school, so he asks you about stem cells.  In order to help your friend make an informed decision about whether to enter the trial for stem cell therapy, you prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which you:  1) Describe the biology of stem cells.   2) Describe how stem cells are unique from other cells.  3) Contrast the different types of stem cells.    4) List the pros and cons for each type of stem cell.   5) Explain how stems cells can be used to treat spinal cord injuries, including information from at least one research study or clinical trial.   6) Conclude with your opinion on whether your friend should enlist in the clinical trial based on information backed by reliable sources The following website from NIH regarding stem cell research will be very helpful: http://stemcells.nih.gov/index.aspFracking (hydraulic fracturing) and tar sands (oil sands). With society’s dependence on nonrenewable fossil fuels, the oil and gas industry is turning more to the use of hydraulic fracturing and tar sands to extract natural gas and oil. Because you are such a conscientious biology student, a friend asks you, “What’s all this controversy in the news about fracking and tar sands?” Showcasing your knowledge on the topic, you prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which you:  1) Explain the process of hydraulic fracturing.   2) Explain the process of tar sands extractions.    3) Describe the environmental issues* that may result from hydraulic fracturing.   4) Describe the environmental issues* that may result from tar (oil) sands.        *Environmental issues that should be addressed involve water, air and soil pollution, with a special focus on global climate change; effects on human health; effects on other species and natural ecosystems.   5)  Explain why the environmental issues are controversial.    6) Conclude with your opinions on possible solutions to these environmental issues, with your solutions backed you information from reliable sources The following websites from EPA may be helpful: http://www2.epa.gov/hydraulicfracturing Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) has been the most recent breakthrough discovery in bioengineering that enables scientists to edit DNA. Because you have studied biology in this course, you have volunteered at your niece’s Middle School Science Club to monitor a student debate about CRISPR. The students will be watching the following video before the discussion: https://www.com/watch?time_continue=252&v=2pp17E4E-O8 .  In order to further educate them on the CRISPR process, you prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which you:  1) Explain what “CRISPR” is.   2) Explain the role that Cas9 plays in the CRISPR process.   3) Explain how the CRISPR-Cas9 system snips and replaces any DNA sequence.   4) Explain how the CRISPR-Cas9 system differs from other gene editing tools.  5) List the potential benefits and drawbacks of gene editing. Include specific examples.  6) Conclude with your opinion on whether the inherent risks of modifying animal DNA is worth the reward, with your reasoning backed by information from reliable sources. Vaccines. Your friend is worried about the many vaccines that his newborn son is scheduled to receive and asks you for advice since you are taking a biology course. In order to help him make an informed decision about whether to allow his son to be vaccinated, you prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which you:  1) Explain how vaccines work.  2) Briefly contrast the traditional methods used to create vaccines with more recently used biotechnology techniques.  3) List some of the diseases that babies and children in the USA are routinely vaccinated against.   4) Share how vaccinations have impacted the frequency of these diseases over the past 100 years.   5) List reasons why people are worried about allowing their children to be vaccinated, including any scientific evidence to support these concerns.  6) Conclude with advice to your friend regarding vaccinating his son, based on what you learned from reliable information sources. Find at least five articles related to one of the topics chosen from above (You can find assistance with searching for articles at the UMUC Library Subject Guides at http://libguides.umuc.edu/science), and then create a PowerPoint presentation according to the following criteria: Presentation Format (20 points) Presentation label (1.5): Label your presentation with your first and last name and your chosen topic (GM Foods, Stem Cells, Fracking/Tar Sands, CRISPR, or Vaccines).  For example:  Regina Miller – CRISPR;Title slide (2.5): presentation title, name, course, instructor, due data Presentation information slides (10): exactly 10 slides, not including title slide and reference slide(s); Presentation font (3):  use 30-point font for ALL type on slides (except for references which are 10-point: see below)Presentation creativity (3):  style, colors, and graphics will be consideredPresentation Content (60 points) Presentation Introduction (Slides 1 & 2): Purpose (5):  state the purpose of the presentation according to the topic chosen including the scenario provided for your topic;  Background: (5) Provide a brief background on the topic chosenPresentation Responses (Slides 3-10) Questions &. Support (40): respond to each of the five questions for the topic chosen supporting each with facts from reliable resource; Conclusion (10): Express personal conclusions based on facts from reliable resourcesPresentation Grammar (5) – spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and sentence structurePresentation References (15 Points) see https://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/apa_tutorial.cfmReferences number – (10) Use at least 5 different references ** DO NOT USE WIKIPEDIA AS A REFERENCE **       Slide references (2.5): use 10-point font in bottom right-hand corner of slides                   End references (2.5): use APA-formatting     

I need a full page single space and 12 size font . question: Which phase of aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria matrix? Answer: Citric Acid cycle The full page is regarding the question and the answer and can have examples.

Write a 3-4 paragraph essay over a disease of the respiratory system. You must include the name of the disease, symptoms and their mechanism, who the disease is likely to affect and why, treatments, cures, and how they work. Be sure to use a large portion of your essay explaining the process or mechanism of what goes wrong.” Those are the instructions for the assignment. You can pick any respiratory disease you’d like to write about. It’s not a serious paper, so it doesn’t need to be any certain format. Just make sure the questions are answered in 3-4 paragraphs. Also, the assignment doesn’t require any sources, but please put them on there anyway because I’d like to read over them. Super easy, I just don’t have time to write it right now. Thank you!

Antibiotics are drugs that either kill bacteria or stop their growth. Antibiotics are powerful, important drugs in the war against infectious disease, but how do they work? What is antibiotic resistance? How big is this problem? What is causing it, and how do we fight back? We will explore these questions in this discussion below. You should spend about 2 hours on this assignment. Instructions Choose one of the following antibiotics to focus on and answer the questions below. Here are your choice for antibiotics: cephalosporins, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, penicillins. 1. Answer these questions about your chosen antibiotic: How does it kill bacteria? Is your antibiotic selectively toxic? How could a bacteria become resistant to your antibiotic? What are some actions that we, as a society, can take to limit antibiotic resistance? Initial discussion posts should be a minimum length of 150 words.

Answer the result questions following the text. (NO sources needed, just answer questions) Microbiology of Foods The presence of microorganisms in food does not necessarily indicate that the food is spoiled or has the potential to cause disease. Some foods can have high counts because microorganisms are used for production. Yogurt, sauerkraut and summer sausage are examples of foods prepared by microbial fermentation and, therefore, have high bacterial counts due to production. However, post-production treatments such as pasteurization or smoking will significantly reduce the numbers of bacteria present. During processing and preparation, food can become contaminated with bacteria, which naturally occur in the environment. These bacteria may not be necessarily harmful or pathogenic. Some bacteria are naturally associated with foods during the growing and harvesting period. For example, green beans, potatoes and beets contain attached soil bacteria when harvested. Even after washing some bacteria can remain and will be preserved with the food when frozen. The chalky appearance of grapes is due to yeasts that are naturally associated with grapes and many other fruits. Milk in the udders of healthy cows is sterile, but bacterial flora normally associated with the outside of the udder, such as Streptococcus and Lactobacillus, are introduced during milking and processing. Pasteurization kills many of the bacteria introduced during processing and any pathogens that may be present, but does not kill all the bacteria present in milk. Some bacteria in milk can survive pasteurization temperatures and eventually cause spoilage and souring of milk. These are called thermoduric bacteria. Hamburger can also have high counts of bacteria introduced during processing and grinding of the meat. Many bacteria in hamburger are harmless saprophytes (organisms that live on decaying plant and animal material) that come from the environment where processing occurs. For example, endospore-forming bacteria and others can be introduced into ground beef during preparation (Brown and Smith, 2015). Food can also be an important means for the transmission of disease. The Centers for Disease Control estimates that 76 million people per year in the United States become ill, 300,000 are hospitalized and 5,000 people die from foodborne illnesses. Foodborne illnesses usually result because pathogenic bacteria or bacterial toxins are introduced into food products during processing, handling or preparation. Food handlers can transmit opportunistic pathogens associated with the human body, such as, Staphylococcus aureus or intestinal bacteria, because of unsanitary practices such as failure to wash hands before preparing or handling food. Botulism food poisoning results from ingesting a toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum when endospores grow in improperly canned foods. The endospores occur in the soil and the environment and contaminate the prepared vegetables. Salmonella and Campylobacter are associated with poultry and eggs and can cause illness if these foods are not properly prepared. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is found in the intestines of cattle and can become associated with meat if fecal material from the animal’s intestines contaminates meat during the butchering process. This pathogen is then incorporated into hamburger during grinding and processing. Serious illness results from eating improperly cooked hamburger because cooking temperatures are insufficient to kill the organism. Transmission of this pathogen has also occurred when fecal material of cattle contaminated fruits and vegetables such as lettuce and spinach (Brown and Smith, 2015). Although high bacterial counts in food do not necessarily mean that the food is spoiled or harbors disease-causing organisms, it can suggest the potential for more rapid spoilage of the food. Coliforms are organisms such as Escherichia coli that occur in the intestines of humans and warm-blooded animals. When present in food or water, fecal contamination has occurred and that there is the high potential for the spread of serious disease such as typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery, cholera and intestinal viral diseases (Brown and Smith, 2015). In this exercise, the quantity and identification of bacteria in food will be examined. Material and Method Tube containing a sample of lunch Label plate with initials Break food into small pieces and place back into the test tube. Add sterile water to test tube containing food and mix vigorously. Remove one mL of slurry and add to TSA plate and spread evenly. Keep plate upright until slurry has absorbed into the agar. Results Presence of Microorganisms in Food __1. Coliform bacteria are common contaminants of meat. a. a. Why might one expect to find coliforms in samples of meat? b. b. High coliform counts in food indicate the potential for finding which intestinal pathogens? c. In terms of food safety, why is it suggested to cook hamburgers medium-well to well-done whereas steaks can be cooked rare? 2. What considerations should be made to safely thaw frozen foods for later consumption? 3. Why is refrigeration not always an effective means for preventing food spoilage? 4. Why are dried fruits somewhat resistant to spoilage? 5. Give two examples of foods that have high bacterial counts but are not spoiled. (Brown and Smith, 2015) Literature Cited Modified from Brown, Alfred and Smith, Heidi. Benson’s Microbiological Applications. Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology. New York: McGraw Hill Education. 2015.

Develop a dichotomous key for 20 species of dragonflies

You will keep a reading journal for each of these two books. I’m looking for both a critique of the material, but also an indication of what you might have learned from reading the material, or if the reading has or has not changed your point-of-view on a particular topic. You should discuss what points in the reading impacted a particular viewpoint you did or currently hold, and explain why the reading material did or did not sway your viewpoint. Each journal is worth 50 points. Each journal should be composed in Microsoft Word and uploaded before the stated deadline. You will compose 1-2 paragraphs after reading each chapter of each book in a single Word document. Once you have written these 1-2 paragraphs for each chapter of one of the books, you should upload the Word document via Canvas. (Please do not upload material for each chapter as multiple, individual files.) These journals will be analyzed using Turnitin to check for content originality. Your document should be formatted as follows: First line – title of book the journal is for 1-2 blank lines Chapter # underlined 1 blank line 1-2 paragraphs on that chapter 1 blank line Next chapter # underlined 1 blank line 1-2 paragraphs on that chapter 1 blank line, repeat 7-9 for all remaining chapters

Part ARDo a domain architecture analysis on your assigned sequence using all programs posted in resources.1. Show results fromeach program.2. Generate your own consensus for the domain architecture based on this analysis.3. Generate a final cartoon of the domain architecture of your protein ( draw by hand and take a picture OR use an editing software like word OR use ‘My domains’ – http://prosite.expasy.org/mydomains/, OR IBS – http://ibs.biocuckoo.org/online.php).4. Discuss any unresolved issues or ambiguities remaining after completing the analysis.Sample analyses in 2 different formats are also attached from previous assignments. Note: These only include the results/analysis, not the discussion, citation, etc.Part BWrite a formal methods section for your assignment. Example of how methods are written for computational biology papers was attached in the previous assignment and another example is attached to this assignmentDon’t forget to cite your work for both Parts A and B.ABOVE ARE THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ASSIGNMNET FROM PROFESSOR, BELOW IS MINE:1) I already did the table and the results, I also draw the cartoon but I am not able to do the analysis, method, discussion extra!2) You don’t need to add any resources I will put down the links for the program s I used you only need to put them in an CSE citation format.3) Professor posted PowerPoints about each program so I will upload these and you can use them to do analysis or discussion4) I will upload the sample that she posted and another sample for my friend that didn’t get good grade so don’t follow any it’s just to give you an idea of how I want this paper to be.The websites I used for the graph and cartoon are:1) SMART http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/2) Pfam http://pfam.xfam.org/3) CDD http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cdd.shtml4) Prosite http://prosite.expasy.org/5) Interpro http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/6) IBS – http://ibs.biocuckoo.org/online.php (For the Cartoon)

Objective: The purpose of this discussion board is to reflect on the benefits and challenges of internetresearch as it applies to using the W.I.S.E. Approach to Critical Thinking. Make sure you use APA style citations and references in your initial response. In your responses, continue to cite the referencesbut you do not need to establish a new reference list.MAKE SURE your reference list includes Ruggiero, the Ted talk, and the two websites.Read chapter 2 carefully https://brytewave.redshelf.com/library/Watch the TED talk by Markham Nolan: How to Separate Fact andFictionOnline.https://www.ted.com/talks/markham_nolan_how_to_separate_fact_and_fiction_online#t-149009Explore these two sites—one a legitimate corporate sponsored site, the second, videos from a copy-cat site (the actual site has been taken down) with a very similar look.CAUTION—the copy-cat videos have graphic material and is not suitable for children.http://www.kelloggs.com/en_US/kellogg-s-frosted-flakes-cereal-product.htmlhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtiyxVeXyURJ3Aukxk0-ZTQDiscussion Prompt: In 300 words or less, write on BOTH of these two questions:1. 1. What principles or lessons can you draw from Markham Nolan’s presentation, and how are they important in the critical thinking process? How could the Copy-cat site and the Corporate site for Kellogg’s confuse viewers?Make sure you refer to the content from chapter three as part of your reflection. Specifically cite an element of the W.I.S.E Approach.What did you learn that you can apply to your own discipline of thinking? Have you had classmates/patients/clients share something from the internet where you questioned the source?