Biology

Cardiovascular Disorders AssignmentChoose one of the following conditions below providing the following information:• Causes• Symptoms• How it is diagnosed• Risk factors• Treatment and PrognosisMake sure to cite your source and use a reliable source to get your information. Upload into Dropbox by Tuesday, April 6, 2021. It is worth 25 points.I. Hypertension: Additionally, include values for prehypertension, stage 1 and stage 2, as well as a healthy range.II. Atherosclerosis: Additionally, define HDL and LDL and give the healthy values.III. Congestive heart failure: Additionally, explain right and left-sided heart failure.IV. Coronary artery disease: Additionally, explain the condition angina.V. Problems with the electrical conduction system of the heart

Description of the infectious agentA very detailed description of the organism is provided- name, classification, morphology, genetic characteristics, history, etc…A description is provided, but lacks several specific detailsThe organism is identified, but there is almost no other information providedNo identification of the organism is madeOrganism link to diseaseA very clear connection between the organism and the disease is established- organism’s life cycle, potential hosts, vectors, toxins produced, etc…the cause behind the symptoms of the disease is connected to the agentA basic link between the organism and the disease is provided, but with little detail- mode of infection is discussed, but little information on the actual cause of diseaseVery little connection established; the cause of the disease poorly explainedNo connection between the organism and the disease is providedDescription of the diseaseA very detailed description of the disease is provided- name origin, target cells or tissues, warning signs, symptoms, time lengths, etc…Symptoms of the disease are provided, but little else is discussedComponents of disease are simply listed and lack any detailNo disease information is providedPotential treatments, cures and researchA detailed description of medical diagnostics and treatments is provided- surgeries, drugs, how the drugs act on the body or organism, vaccines, etc…- this description will include preventative measures and symptomatic treatmentif there is no cure, an explanation why is providedTreatments are mentioned, but not discussed in detail- no mention how the drug acts on the organism, how long treatments take, etc…A single treatment option is listed and no other detail is providedNo treatments or diagnostic tools are providedStudent gathered information from a variety of relevant sources- (scholarly, popular, print, electronic as needed)Student consistently gives credit for works used by correctly paraphrasing,- Summarizing or quoting resources AND listing sourcesCommunicates finding in an appropriate style and format. Grammar and syntax areexcellent. Logic of thought flows.Presentation is neat and easy to read, typed, clear headings for diagrams

1. Using the video presentation provided below, answer the question at the end of the video. (What is the difference between a genome and a transcriptome?)2. Provide 6 different topics from the lecture that you found interesting, frustrating, fun, or wanted to learn more about.https://stjohnsu.instructuremedia.com/embed/de8ed821-58af-47db-8330-9031d0b1938c

Instructions for the BYS 318 Vertebrate ReproductionThe assignment centers on an analysis of a recent article from the journal Science, “Rapid speciation via the evolution of pre-mating isolation in the Iberá Seedeater” by Turbek et al. The article is available in the Files tab of Canvas. Notice that the structure of this article places Materials and Methods at the end. It is not necessary to read the M&M closely (we’re not concerned about the details of analyzing genomes), but you should pay attention to reported Results and generally why. I would expect that to fully discuss the findings of this research in context will require about 2000 words.The title of the article tells you what this assignment is about: the evolution and maintenance of pre-mating isolation in a bird. Your assignment is to describe how this pre-mating isolation functions and may have originated, and compare these mechanisms to what we’ve read about this semester. The authors examine the evolutionary and behavioral relationship of two very similar species of bird from Argentina. You must consider and compare the authors’ conclusions to findings by authors with other animals in readings in this class this semester. In particular, you should consider:• Assortative mating;• Various possible aspects of sexual selection such as male plumage, song, territoriality (this includes evidence for color patterns in light wavelengths not visible to humans);• Significance of the pattern of extra pair copulations found;• Chromosomal linkage of sexual selection related genes, especially on the Z chromosome;• The significance of genetic similarities and differences between the two species, and genomic techniques used;• Why might the above observations create reproductive isolation, even those these two species are syntopic (have completely overlapping ranges and habitat usage)?In short, I’m asking you to write a comparative synthesis of evidence presented on the seedeaters compared to work and concepts we’ve read about this semester. This could be along the lines of, how would think Badyaev and Qvarnstrom would interpret these findings, how does this work compare to the findings of Tuttle with white throated sparrows, would the findings about sex linkage in poeciliid fishes be relevant or informative to this research, does the paper on complex phenotypes in salmon by Thompson et al. inform Turbek et al.’s findings. You can and probably should reference ideas by theoreticians as Fish and Trivers to place the article findings in correct context.Jargon:SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism: A difference of nucleotide found at a specific sequence position in DNA, useful for characterizing relatedness and evolutionary divergence.PCA, principal components analysis. A commonly used statistical technique for ordination – with a data set about different individuals or species, how do you rank their similarity or difference.FST, the fixation index (FST) is a measure of population differentiation due to genetic structure. It is frequently estimated from genetic polymorphism data, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) or microsatellites. It’s reported on a scale from 0 to 1, with a value of 0 meaning total mixing, and a value of 1 meaning total separation.

Discussion: Human Impact on the Carbon CycleAs the winter holidays near, you hear several neighborhood children complain about the lack of snow in your area. You realize it has been a bit warmer this season. In fact, as you think about the weather a bit longer, you realize you did not have much snow last year, either. Is this what scientists are talking about when they refer to global warming?Global warming is a popular topic in today’s media. In spite of this wealth of information, it may be difficult to understand what global warming is, the science that explains it, and itsimpact on the survival of living organisms on the Earth.For both this week’s Discussion and Assignment, you have the opportunity to gain a better understanding of global warming and its relationship to the carbon cycle on which all living things depend. For this week’s Discussion, you explore global warming’s correlation with CO2 (carbon dioxide) levels in the Earth’s atmosphere and evaluate how your own activities, as well as human activity, in general, influence the carbon cycle.To prepare for this Discussion:•    Review Chapter 5, “Life in the Greenhouse” in Biology: Science for Life, and focus on the following:o    What the greenhouse effect iso    How water, heat, and temperature are relatedo    What CO2 is and how its amount in the atmosphere is changingo    How CO2 levels correlate with global warming•    Consider how your personal actions may increase or decrease CO2 levels by calculating your carbon footprint. Links to severalcarbon footprint calculators are listed in the Required Resources section. Use one of these calculators to estimate your carbon footprint.https://www.conservation.org/carbon-footprint-calculator?gclid=CO_pm7OH4awCFUdn5Qod6Hjxpg#/•    Learn about the atmospheric history of CO2 by reading the article “Past Climate Change” listed in the Required Resources section.https://www.epa.gov/climate-change-science/causes-climate-change•    Conduct additional research to learn more about the relationship between human carbon footprints and CO2 levels in the atmosphere.With these thoughts in mind:Post two or more paragraphs that evaluate whether your carbon footprint impacts the carbon cycle. In this Discussion, be sure you:•    Explain how your carbon footprint relates to the carbon cycle, the atmospheric history of CO2, and a national or global average•    State whether you think decreasing your carbon footprint can impact the carbon cycleo    If you agree, suggest two ways you can decrease your carbon footprint and explain how these suggestions will helpo    If you disagree, provide at least two reasons for your position•    Include references to at least two sources outside the Required Resources•    Cite all references in APA format

Use sentences. answers should be clear and easy tounderstand.Make sure you are actually addressing the question asked. Simply stating ‘facts’ is notthe same as “distinguishing”, “illustrating”, “explaining”, “comparing”, and so on.• For example, “How does histone acetylation around promoter regions increasegene transcription?” is NOT adequately answered by “histone acetylation lessensthe positive charge of the histone so DNA cannot wrap around them as tightly”.While the given answer is true, it does not link the wrapping of DNA aroundhistones with transcription rates, and therefore, does not fully answer thequestion.For each question the maximum answer length is 300 words.

write about reproductive isolation and the 3 typesEssay assignment guidelines:For this assignment, be sure that you follow the standards of academic writing. The assignment consists of a 1-page essay about a topic of your choice based on the lectures covered in midterm 2 (lectures 11-17). Your essay will require a brief introduction, a concise and focused claim about the topic selected, two to three main points you will address, solid reasoning, and textual evidence along with an explanation of its significance. Worth: 2 point bonus towards Midterm 2 overall grade (out of 15 points).Requirement: Single-spaced. Times New Roman 12-point font. All citations will be MLA parenthetical citation. Include an additional “References” page.Citing sources: correct and complete citation of sources is vital. Failure to properly cite your sources amounts to plagiarism. For example, in-text citations should look like this:

Find a video of a head and thorax movement.  Then use anatomical terms to describe the movement and musculature involved. Must identify all movements that occur in the head and thorax (within video) and the plane of motion in which the movements occur.Must identify five muscles involved in completing the movement and identify the primary action of each participating muscle while performing this action [ie. What is the muscle doing during this particular action? Do not simply list all of the possible actions of that muscle].

1. IN    YOUR OWN WORDS explain the process by which digestive enzymes get from the Golgi complex to the plasma membrane and then get secreted. Also, explain whether and specifically how depletion (loss) of ATP will affect this process. (90- WORLD LIMIT)2. IN YOUR OWN WORDS, Explain how the second messenger is made in response to epinephrine signaling in the liver cells as well as the specific function of this second messenger. Include every step in the pathway leading from epinephrine to 2nd messenger, but after that ONLY what the 2nd messenger does, not the steps downstream of that. Also, explain specifically how depletion (loss) of cellular ATP would affect this. (NOTE: there may be more than one effect of ATP depletion.) (90 WORD LIMIT)This may seem like a small assignment but it is VERY important so I need very accurate and correct responses and IN YOUR OWN WORDS!

BIO 169 Lab Report OutlinePowerPhys # 6: Effect of Exercise on Cardiac Output.Front Page•    Title•    Name•    Abstract: Single spaced paragraph that gives a complete summary of the experiment and contains material from ALL sections of the paper. Make sure to be specific and give a summary of findings in this paragraph. I should be able to read the abstract to know exactly what your paper is about.Introduction•    Should be at least 2 pages•    Start with a few sentences that connect this experiment to an everyday reader – grab their interest.•    Then explain the following concepts: cardiac cycle, normal values of heart rate (HR) and why that the norm, things that affect HR and how they do, normal values of stroke volume (SV) and why that the norm, things that affect SV and how they do, normal values of CO, how all HR and SV affect CO, how exercise will affect SV and HR and ultimately CO.•    Make sure to explain these concepts FULLY, a reader with no knowledge of the above material should be able to read your intro and completely understand.PowerPhys #6 Lab Report•    All typed responses in complete sentences.•    Fully complete (even discussion and application questions).•    Using correct grammar and spelling – no abbreviations•    UNITS UNITS UNITSWorks Cited•    Need at least 2 sources: one from class and one from any external source EXCEPT Wikipedia.•    Make sure to use in text citations and be wary of plagiarism. When in doubt – cite it out!