Biology

Each question is worth 25 points 1. At the Integris hospital, a 5-year old Caucasian male child in good general health and physical condition was presented at the Saturday walk-in clinic by his mother. He was brought in because he had a fever, was cranky and had complained of a sore throat for about 24 hours. On physical examination by the attending resident, the patient had a fever of 39.3C, and he had considerable swelling and drainage of the pharynx and in the conjunctivae. His tonsils were enlarged and coated with a white patchy exudate. He had a red throat and swollen anterior cervical lymph nodes. His ears were clear. His chest sounded clear and he had no additional remarkable findings on routine examination. a) What would be your presumptive diagnosis for this child? Why? b) What diagnostic testing would be indicated to follow this exam? c) What is the most likely treatment for this illness? Why is it important? d) What factors of this case allowed you to make a presumptive diagnosis? e) Lastly, are there any preventative advice that you would give to the mother? ? 2. A 22-year old white female presents in her physician’s office with genital itching and sharp, severe pain on the labia. She complains of three previous episodes of pain over the past 6 months, each of which were followed by the appearance of red sores which crusted and healed without a scar. On examination the physician observes a cluster of small red blisters localized in the area of the worst pain. No significant discharge was observed from the vagina. The patient’s urine was clear and yellow. Urinalysis revealed normal specific gravity, no sugar, no protein, no white blood cells or red blood cells and no bacteria. The patient’s temperature was 36.5C. The patient history reveals that she is unmarried. She is moderately sexually active and currently using an oral contraceptive which she has been taking for about 4 years. The woman stated that she has had 9 sexual partners over the past year. She reported that her episodes have become progressively more severe. a) What is the cause of this woman’s complaint? b) As her physician, would you recommend that this woman modify her sexual activity? c) Is there an effective treatment for this condition? d) What serious long-term risk does this woman have? 3. A 58-year old Native American presents in the Mercy emergency room with headache, irritability, generalized muscle pain and uncontrollable back spasms. He has become very restless and worried because he has had the back spasms all through his court case that afternoon and they became extremely painful. In his history, the patient states that he has a very busy life. He is on medication for high blood pressure (beta blocker) and has mild asthma. He injured himself about 10 days earlier, puncturing his left arm with a nail from an old barn he is tearing. The wound has produced moderate quantities of pus, but he has been keeping it clean. When asked, he did not remember having a tetanus shot since he was a kid. The wound was sampled for microscopic examination and culture. The back appears to have very tight contractions and spasms. The patient is in obvious agonizing pain. a) What is your diagnosis here? b). What is the proper treatment of this problem? c). How could this have been prevented? ? 4. In your opinion, as a pathogen, why would it be advantageous for the Varicella Zoster virus (VZV) to migrate to the nervous system (Latency), and remain there until an outbreak event (signs of manifestations)

Instructions: – Please write the number of double-spaced pages that are equivalent to 2475 words on the topic of The Ecology of Ebolavirus, making sure to cover each of the three necessary components mentioned below. – Please make sure that you are typing in 12pt Times New Roman Font, with one-inch margins. – Please use PUBMED (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) and Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/) as your two databases for scientific literature searches, in order to find the 15 required number of sources. – Please make sure to use Harvard style for your in-text citations (http://www.citethisforme.com/harvard-referencing), and please be sure to leave a link behind an in-text citation or at the end of the pages that you write, so that I can create a Harvard style reference list and include the references that you sought out. More Details: Topic: Should include a parasite, pathogen, or disease, interaction(s) with its host(s), and environmental factor(s). Sections in the report can focus on other aspects (e.g., disease symptoms) but those 3 components must be included somewhere. – My topic is centered on The Ecology of Ebolavirus, with a focus on what we know about reservoir hosts- i.e., which wildlife species are known to host ebolaviruses, in which areas, etc. and how this relates to human disease risk. – I will attach a PDF of the broad outline that I sent to my professor as my “Introduction” to Ebolaviruses. This is a good start, but the focus needs to adjust more prominently on the reservoirs and human health risks. The report requirements PDF will say that the thesis is 15-double-spaced pages because it is, but I am just having you write the number of pages equivalent to 2475 words and I am going to write the rest after receiving the final version you submit and integrate them with one another. – Please make sure that it is double-spaced and that you are writing in 12pt Times New Roman font, with 1-inch margins. The report requirements PDF will also say that >20 references, including a maximum of 3 review articles and 2 websites are required for the thesis. I have already selected the three review articles and two websites references that I am going to include and therefore, I have indicated that the number of sources required for your pages is 15 sources. These sources need to be scientific literature references please (Google Scholar and Pub-Med are recommended by my professor) and please make sure that you DO use the Harvard style for your included in-text citations. You DO NOT, however, have to create a reference list for all 15 sources in Harvard style. Please just make sure to include links next to the in-text citations or links that are organized all together on the last page of the word doc, that way I can go back and create the Harvard style reference list after receiving your final version submitted to me! – I have included a couple of PDF and/or linked scientific literature sources on the Upload Files page that I found useful and heavily correlating with the theme of my thesis.

Suggestions for body paragraphs: -Could/when did dinosaurs fly? -How did they learn to fly? Did they have wings? -What was the biggest flying dinosaur? -Which Came First: the Dinosaur or the Bird?/How Fearsome Reptiles Became Birds, origin of birds evolved to fly. etc

The length requirements of 100 to 200 words and at least 5 sentences. Please no-plagiarized. -Discuss the difference between myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers in terms of anatomy.

Assignment – The human body is a whole consisting of the following systems that are interconnected: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, sensory, endocrine, cardiovascular and lymphatic, body’s defense, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive. Explain the major functions of each system and link one function to another system explaining how the two systems are interconnected. You can start with any system that you like. ????????????: 2000 ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? 2000 ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? 2,000 Example: 1. Start with the skeletal system that has the following functions (explain each function): support for soft tissues, movement gives a place of attachment for muscles, protection internal organs, storage of minerals (particularly calcium and phosphorus), storage of fat, and production of blood cells in the marrow of certain bones. 2. Then select one function like production of blood cells and discuss the cardiocirculatory system functions (explain briefly each function: gas exchange (red blood cells), blood clotting (platelets), defense (white blood cells) 3. Link white blood cells to protection from diseases and talk of the lymphatic system functions (explain briefly each function). Protecting body against pathogens, remove cellular waste, absorb fats from digestive system. 4. and then continue to link to digestive system and so on…….

You will write a 1 page report on why are scientists trying to use bacteriophages as antibacterial drugs?

This assignment requires you to choose and describe three different protists. It is encouraged that your selection be wildly different. Each description will be no more than one page single spaced. Be aware that this assignment will be analyzed by the Turnitin anti-plagiarism software. Please include the following details: • Describe the evolutionary history • Describe the taxonomy (at least once) • Diagram and label the cell and its contents • Draw and describe the life cycle • Include general information on the organism • Be sure to site any references you used (APA style) Then describe how bacteria grows in half a page three and half pages total

Focus on Case Studies in Neurology ONE REFERENCE INCLUDED BELOW For this assignment you will respond to three case studies. What is a Case Study? “A case study is a narrative used to help you practice real-life analysis and communication skills. It is a learning tool that provides readers with “enough detail…to understand the nature and scope of the problem, and…serve as a springboard for discussion and learning” (O’Rourke, 2007, p. 391). Use your textbook and academic resources from the Library to support your responses. Access the Library directly from Course Resources for this class, or through the student portal. Be sure to cite and reference all your sources. The Library has a feature that allows you to automatically create an APA formatted reference. Your completed case studies should be between 750–1000 words, and all sources must be properly cited using APA format. CASE STUDY #1 1. Amy is cooking dinner for her family. She moves to pull a pot off the stove and accidently touches the burner. She reflexively pulls her finger away from the stove and immediately feels the pain. 1. a. Which receptor neuron is responsible for sending information from her finger to her peripheral nervous system? b. Is this receptor neuron, an afferent or efferent neuron? c. Explain where the information from the receptor neuron is sent and how does it result in Amy moving her finger away from the stove. d. Describe the three classes of neurons involved in this response. e. Evolutionarily, why do you think the human body has this system in place? f. What might happen if we did not have this response? CASE STUDY #2 2. Glen, who is 45 years old, begins to notice that his hands shake (tremors) when he is performing everyday tasks such as signing his signature. His family members have noticed that he also has muffled speech and tends to shuffle when he walks. He is diagnosed with Early Onset Parkinson’s disease. 1. a. What is Early Onset Parkinson’s disease? b. What specific cell type is affected in Parkinson’s disease? c. What is dopamine? What effects does dopamine have on the body? d. Explain the structure of a synapse and why Glen’s neurologist would prescribe him a dopamine agonist? e. Glen has genetic testing performed and it is determined that he does carry an autosomal dominant mutation in the SNCA gene associated with Early Onset Parkinson’s disease. Glen has three children. Would you advise his children to have genetic testing performed to determine if they also carry the disease mutation? Why or why not? CASE STUDY #3 3. Patricia, who is 37 years old, discusses with her physician recent symptoms that she has experienced including blurred vision, numbness in her fingers and face, dizziness, fatigue and weakness. The physician performs multiple neurological tests and she is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). 1. a. What is MS? b. Is MS a disease of the central or peripheral nervous system? c. What is the main cell structure affected in MS? d. How is the action potential of a neuron affected in MS? e. The origins of MS are not clear. What do scientists hypothesize to be the causes of MS? Your assignment should be written in an essay format. The assignment requires you to include details from research including the course materials and sources you locate on your own. Remember to use APA format to cite your sources of information, both within parenthetical citations and also within a reference page at the end of the project. Basic Writing Requirements: • Between 750–1000 words not counting the title or reference pages. • Include a title page, double space, font size 10 or 12. • Include a well-developed introduction and conclusion • Provide exceptional content. • Demonstrate superior organization: use logic. • Free of grammar and spelling errors. • No evidence of plagiarism. • Use APA style for all citations and references. Reference O’Rourke, James S. (2007). Management communication: A case-analysis approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

You will write a one page report on How does an infectious disease become a pandemic disease? Please think about Covid-19 as your example.

Explain why it is it necessary for the bones of the pelvic girdle to be more massive than the bones of the pectoral girdle. Be sure to list which bones are included in the pelvic girdle and the pectoral girdle as well. Also, explain how weightlessness could affect the skeletal system. For example, astronauts deal with this issue while in space. How might observations of astronauts aid researchers in understanding a condition such as osteoporosis and help develop ways to treat it? Please refer to the handouts I have provided in the “syllabus & resources” section of the course page in Blackboard for guidelines to follow when creating your discussion posts, and for information regarding APA format.