Biology

The minimum length for this assignment is 1,200 words. Darwin was not the first to consider evolution as a process but he did come up with the first effective explanation for how it happens. Describe Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. Explain how this theory was a major advance over prior ideas as to how organisms changed over time. Give evidence in support of evolution and describe the driving forces for evolutionary change.

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic are the two major categories of cells making up life on earth. Both of these types require water and carbon. Describe the characteristics of water and carbon that make them important to living things in general, and to specific forms of life including plants, animals, and prokaryotes. Why is NASA looking for water on Mars? Describe the differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. How have the characteristics of each kind of cell put limitations and provided opportunities for the survival and divergence of modern living things? Why might both cell types be considered equally successful? Make sure to consider both Domains of Prokaryotes.

Below is an actual two-week lunch menu for a senior centre. Evaluate the menu using the MyPlate recommendations (Figure 13-7) and the menu planning guidelines. List two evaluative comments below, and then change the menu to incorporate your suggestions. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Baked Tilapia Braised Pork Ribs Chicken Enchiladas Eggplant Parm Cabbage Roll Mango Salsa Sauerkraut & Apples Lettuce & Tomatoes Pasta Mashed Potatoes Rice Medley Peas & Pearl Onions Corn Confetti Zucchini Vegetable Medley Broccoli Salad Bar Salad Bar Salad Bar Salad Bar Salad Bar Peaches Bananas & Oranges Garlic Bread Saucy Fruit Salad Pecan Pie Frozen Vanilla Yogurt Oatmeal Cookie Cupcakes Chocolate Chip Cookie Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Baked Ham Lemon Chicken Beef Stuffed Peppers Chicken BBQ Chicken Garlic Mashers Baked Potato Rosemary Potatoes Dumplings Sweet Potato Fries Green Beans Spinach California Veggies Broccoli Tuscany Veggies Salad Bar Salad Bar Salad Bar Salad Bar Salad Bar Mandarin Oranges Chocolate Pudding Vanilla Yogurt with Strawberries Apricots Apple Blueberry Oatmeal Raisin Crisp Cookie All meals include white roll, butter, margarine, and assorted beverages, including milk, iced tea, apple juice, coffee, and tea. COMMENTS: WORKSHEET 13-2 Precompetition Meal For athletes, the most important meal is the one closest to the competition. The meal should consist of easily digestible carbohydrate-rich foods and be moderate in protein as well as low in fat and fibre. High-fat and high-fibre foods take longer to digest and can cause sluggishness. You are to plan a small precompetition meal for a men’s swim team that will be eaten two hours before competition. The meal should include about 300 to 500 kcalories and plenty of fluids. After you write your menu, use SuperTracker or another program to come up with an approximate number of calories for your meal. MENU: Approximate Number of Kcalories: ____________________ WORKSHEET 13-3 Evaluation of Elementary School Menu Below is a one-week lunch menu for an elementary school. Evaluate the menu using the MyPlate recommendations menu planning guidelines for school-age children. Keep in mind that many elementary school children need anywhere from 1,200 to 1,800 calories per day. List two evaluative comments below, and then change the menu to incorporate your suggestions. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Mac & Cheese Oven Fried Chicken Burger on Wheat Bun Bean & Cheese Burrito Black Beans & Rice with Deli Turkey Ham & Cheese on Entrée Salad Salsa Wheat Bun Celery Sticks Tuna Salad on Crackers Entrée Salad Italian Blend Vegetables Entrée Salad Mixed Vegetable Medley Chilled Pears Banana Sweet Potato Fries Swirl Roll Strawberry Kiwi Juice Pineapple Chunks Thursday Friday 5” Personal Pan Cheese Pizza Golden Baked Chicken Nuggets Chicken Quesadilla Asian Egg Roll Entrée Salad Entrée Salad Baby Carrots Baked Au Gratin Potatoes Steamed Spinach Green Beans Seedless Red Grapes Grape Juice Chocolate Cupcake Fresh Fruit Low-fat or fat-free milk is offered at lunch. COMMENTS:

Watch and take notes on Dr John Sanford’s November 2018 45 min. presentation to the National Institute of Health on, plus the 20+ questions and answers that follow. https://uncommondescent.com/evolution/john-sanford-gives-lecture-at-nih-on-mutations-and-human-health/ Answer the following questions: Name 2 famous geneticists who expressed grave concerns about the effects of mutation accumulation on human fitness. According to Haldane, what is the theoretical maximum rate of mutations we can sustain and still survive indefinitely? What did Kimura’s graduate student convince Dr Kimura about the true nature of “neutral mutations”? What software did Dr Sanford use to simulate the effects of mutation and natural selection upon human fitness? What evidence did Dr Sanford provide that indicates mutation accumulation is driving the human race toward extinction? What did Dr Sanford suggest to be our best plan at slowing the rate of loss of human fitness? In the Q & A session, Dr Sanford’s claim that mutation accumulation is rapidly leading the human race toward extinction. What observation and assumption did they base their claim on? In your opinion, which do you think is more reliable: (A) Dr Sanford’s evidence that mutation accumulation is degenerating the human race or (B) mutation + natural selection has given rise to and sustained complex life forms for hundreds of millions of years?

Imagine you are creating a community health promotion resource that addresses a disease of your choice. You are creating this resource for the general public.  Select a disease that aligns with the body systems covered in this course. Create an informational resource (350 to 700 words) formatted as one of the following: Podcast, News transcript, Brochure/pamphlet, Video, Interview, Other option approved by your instructor three days prior to the due date. Your informational resource should: Identify the disease. Identify the population affected by the disease selected. Describe specific cultural beliefs around the disease and how the treatment and management of the disease might be affected by cultural beliefs. Identify strategies that can be used to promote health and wellness to communities to reduce or prevent the disease from having an impact on the community. Describe how this disease and the management of it affect health care resources in the community Note: It is important that you complete your assignment early in the week. Cite at least 2 reputable references used to complete your resource. Reputable references include trade or industry publications, government or agency websites, scholarly works, a textbook, or other sources of similar quality.

Classification is often done through the use of a dichotomous key, a series of binary decisions (yes/no, true/false, blue/green, rod/circle, etc) based on features of what is being classified, whether it is bacteria or candy. The attached files show two ways that a dichotomous key can be constructed for the classification of candy. In both forms, the largest distinction is placed at the top and is followed by further distinctions until all items are classified. The flow chart version is often easier to understand so start with that. The tabular format at first is more difficult to understand but works the same way except that instead of lines connecting from higher to lower keys, a series of jumps (go to’s) are used. For this assignment you will need to produce a dichotomous key for the following organisms Bacillus megaterium Corynebacterium hofmanni Klebsiella pneumonia Micrococcus luteus Mycobacterium smegmatis Proteus vulgaris Rhodospirillum rubrum Spirillum serpens Staphylococcus auerus based on their morphology and staining (use any or all of the stains used/observed in lab – simple, gram, acid-fast, spore, flagella and capsule). To construct your dichotomous key, begin by creating a table listing the organisms across the columns and their morphology and staining down the rows. Once constructed, find the row that provides the most complete division into two groups (hint: it will be what can be considered THE microbiology stain). Then move rows to sort by increasing refinement. Your first row will be the first pair in the tabular construction or the first box in the flow chart. Since the flow chart is easier to visualize, you may find it useful to create it in its entirety to check your key then convert to tabular format. If you can generate the flowchart in digital form, it can be submitted instead.

Nominate a person or group of people who have, in your opinion, made a substantial contribution to biotechnology. The nominee(s) can come from any time period. They can be currently living, or dead. You must clearly explain the contribution your nominee(s) has made to the advancement of biotechnology, then explain the impact of this contribution. You must convince me and your TA why your nominee is a game-changer and deserves the prize. Use the Rubric to help you structure your assignment. Format • You must make your nomination in a minimum of three (3) pages and a maximum of five(5) single?sided pages, not including references or a title page. • Use the APA style guide to format your references (see the APA Style Guide on the BIOL 1010 cuLearn page) • Print must be double-spaced, with 1-inch margins all around. • Type size must be no smaller than 12 points. • Submit as an Adobe .pdf or Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx file) document through the cuLearn Assignment page. The assignment is due before 11:59 pm (Eastern Time) on Thursday 16 July 2020 Checklist: (Not Rubric, but helpful) Is the choice of nominee appropriate (nominee made a significant contribution to biotechnology)? Is the nominee’s contribution to biotechnology clearly explained? Do you present coherent, logical, well-supported arguments in your nomination? Is the format correct? Is the title informative and appropriate? References [including URLs if you use websites]. Did you follow the APA Style Guide? Is the paper well written with no grammatical or spelling errors?

Compare and contrast directional selection and disruptive selection, and provide an example of each. Many pathogenic bacteria species are becoming resistant to antibiotics. Explain how such adaptations can develop through the process of natural selection. (Hint: Relate this example to the conditions that are necessary for natural selection to occur.) What are the major evolutionary trends that developed among major vertebrate groups, specifically those that allowed for the transition from aquatic to terrestrial life? Providing examples, explain how sexual reproduction in plants has evolved to become less dependent on water.

Pick any two diseases that require diagnostic tests to identify them from the body system. Use one of the body systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, hepatobiliary, lymphatic, reproductive or nervous systems. For each of the diseases, explain: Why is a particular test recommended? How does the test work? What information is obtained from the diagnostic test regarding the disease? Does the diagnosis need confirmation with another diagnostic test? By the due date assigned, submit your initial response to the Discussion Area. Your response(s) should clarify your understanding of the topic. They should be your own, original, and free from plagiarism. Use correct medical terminology, spelling, and grammar.

Changes in the immune system are moderated by changes in the ——– nervous system.research has revealed that the trait most associated with a heart attack in type A individual is————— stress. prevention strategies that are designed to increase early detection are called——–.Seth an individual that there is a problem with his weight and even begins to think about doing something to curb his weight, According to Prochaska. he is probably in the ——–stages. An approach involving the use of instruments to learn to control psychological activities is called————.