Biology

Directions:  Each week you will be asked to state the tests you wish to perform in order to identify your Unknown organism.  Once you have chosen your desired tests, the results will be provided for you to interpret before stating which tests you would like to perform next.  It is important to note that you should not preform all of the tests we performed in class.  Some were specific for Gram-positive and some for Gram-negative.  In a laboratory you would not be able to perform all of the tests as this would be a waste of time and resources, so choose your tests carefully. Please write your answers in a different text color so I can easily spot it. Week #1 Results of Gram Stain      Results of MacConkey

Term Paper:   Please review the latest (December 2019 and later) plant literature on the evolution of phytohormones in plants—how and when they first evolved (algae? Moss? Ferns?) and the eco/physiological reasons that those functions arose. You may certainly use older literature to back up whatever you find but focus on the newest findings. DO NOT make this a review of every phytohormone that exists. Please pick one or two hormones and focus your details on them. 1.Use a minimum of 8 references, books, or primary/secondary literature.  2.Papers should be double-spaced and at least 3100 total words– not including the bibliography. I will take off points for less than 3000 words AND more than 3200 words! KEEP IN THIS RANGE! Place the total number of words on the front of your term paper. Guidelines For papers:-Your paper must include a printed bibliography.- Pages must be numbered.- NO World Wide Web references will be allowed unless they are pre-approved.-The text should be double-spaced and no larger than 12 pt and no smaller than 10 pt.- Do not put in extra spaces between paragraphs.- The margins on all sides should be 1″ with NO “equal” justification. Use standard LEFT justification- Do not use bulleted points in your paper.- Do not use contractions.- Do not use footnotes.- DO NOT use the first-person voice (No I, me, mine, ours, we, us, etc…)- Avoid use of the passive voice. (Passive voice example: “The ball was thrown by Bobby”. Active voice example: “Bobby threw the ball.”)- You must include references to your bibliography in the text.  It is plagiarism if you do not do this!- Define all terms that have never been used in class. Do not assume your reader is familiar with the specific literature of a sub-discipline.-DO NOT DEFINE terms from a class that we all know and recognize- Do not include direct quotes in the text of the paper and do not indent quotes!  Paraphrase quotes and ALWAYS remember to reference where the concept originated.- Do not use or reference any encyclopedias! This is college–not grade school or high school. An encyclopedia is an inappropriate reference at the college level.- Do not reference a dictionary.-Keep reference of any popular magazine articles and the popular press to a minimum for simply illustrative purposes – do not include them in the bibliography. These include Newsweek, Time, People, and Ladies Home Journal. Basically, you can not use any journal that is not peer-reviewed. (Peer-reviewed means that other scientists read the article and approved that it made scientific sense. If a paper does not pass peer review, it does not get published. This does not happen at Time or even Scientific American.) – Reference at the end of every appropriate sentence where you have borrowed ideas. Do not reference just once at the end of a paragraph! -Avoid use of the word “prove”. Scientists find evidence to support hypotheses– they rarely, if ever,  “prove” things. For more information on Plant Physiology read this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_physiology

Problem 5. (40 pts) Three alleles code for blood type. The number of people with each genotype has been determined: Using this data, calculate the allelic frequencies for this population. (5 pts)  2. Determine the expected number of people in 100,000 that would have A, B, AB, and O blood type if the population was in HW equilibrium (10 pts)  For more information on Blood Type read this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_type

Discuss the respiratory passageway  from the nose until the alveoli include-Names of all structures included-The correct sequence of structures-The function of each part For more information read this: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_system

Summarize one published scientific Paper on how keto diets affect athletes from a peer-reviewed journal like the American journal of clinical nutrition as an example. APA format 4 pages. For more information on Keto Diets read this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketogenic_diet

Guevedoces: individuals reported to apparently change gender naturally at puberty, from female to male. These people have been observed in an isolated village in the Dominican Republic and in the eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea. Infants with a female appearance at birth begin to develop the physical characteristics of a male during puberty. Affected individuals are born with male (XY) chromosomes. Because of a deficiency of the 5 a-reductase enzymes, testosterone is not converted to the biologically active form, dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In the absence of DHT, the infant’s external genitalia appear to be an ambiguous clitoris and labia. Biology is not as black and white as many people claim it is. Choose from TWO of the following list of biological gender non-specific mutations. This is not a complete list, nor does it involve psychological aspects of human gender identity.  A. SRY gene mutationB. Aphallia 1. Explain the genetic etiology of disorders.2. Describe the symptoms and basic statistics.3. Contemplate how it plays a roll in the persons perceived gender? For more information on Guevedoces read this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCevedoce

Explain how inulin can be utilized to determine the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a person.150 wordsSyndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is an endocrine disorder characterized by an increased release of antidiuretic hormone. Please explain the mechanism of action for the decreased urination demonstrated in patients who have this disorder.150 words For more information read this:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_system

Many evolutionary biologists think whales evolved from land based carnivores called creodonts and moved to the water. Following this argument, What types of physical and/or physiological changes would have to occur in this process? Why?

write an essay on the upcoming Corona Virus Vaccine. My question is what would an example of a tentative problem statement be for this topic? For more information on this check: https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/30/health/covid-19-vaccine-predictions-pharmaceutical-companies/index.html

Cause of Nonhealing Wounds Nonhealing wounds on the surface of the body is often extremely difficult to manage, in part because the microbial cause of the lack of healing is often extremely difficult to identify.  Create a list of 4 reasons this might be the case.