Biology

Part 1: Research article –  Review the following PBS Documentary: Influenza 1918 https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/influenza/#transcript In this discussion board (DB), please post your original thread summarizing the documentary in your own words.  Include the following in your discussion: Find a credible resource for information on COVID-19. Write the resource in APA format at the bottom of your post. Identify 2 similarities between Influenza 1918 and COVID-19 Identify 2 differences between Influenza 1918 and COVID-19 Your thoughts about both outbreaks and take home message you would convey to the public (as a scientist as well  as a person in the community that does not want to cause a panic) These posts need to be a couple of paragraphs and should not exceed a page  (minimum of 250 words required for full credit of original post).   Your original, first post must include the resource in APA format

prepare a detailed report on the use of vaccinations including the following elements: 1. describe the background and basic issue of your chosen topic. 2. describe the basic argument of opposing viewpoints 3. identify the strength and weaknesses of both sides 4. choose which view you agree with {only in conclusion} 5. explain why you agree with that view.  writing guidelines: type your submission, double spaced times new roman font size 12. use standard document format with 1-inch margins uses APA formatting. include in-text citations and a reference page in APA style. also include a cover page and in-text citations and references .

1. Type Microorganism you have  2. Gram reaction (if any), shape and arrangement 3. Virulence factors  4. How the organism evades the immune system 5. Disease your organism can cause 6. How your organism can spread to others 7. Ways to prevent infection 8. How your organism will be treated  9. What a nurse needs to know about your organism 10. Prepare APA format typed essay that documents YOUR understanding of the information and how it pertains to your assigned organism.  APA is 12 point font Times New Roman with one-inch margins. 11. Include at least 4 APA  style references from scholarly articles and resources.  For each reference, you will provide a in-text citation by providing a quote or paraphrasing the author’s information.

*********** NO FORMAT JUST WRITE AND UPLOAD********* Instructions A. Open the New York Times Changing Forest website for an interactive map of world forests: Click the link below to access an interactive map of world forests: Bloch, M., & Corum, J. (n.d.). Changing forests. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/10/01/science/earth/forests.html You will first see a world map. Give it a general look to gain your coordinates and to see the locations where intact, relatively undisturbed forests and fragmented forests occur. Using information from the New York Times Changing Forest website, explain how forests are impacted by climate change in various places around the world and how forests themselves may offset aspects of climate change. Be specific in your examples, describing what is happening and where. Your response should be at least 100 words in length.

Please describe how you have prepared for your intended major, including your readiness to succeed in your upper-division courses once you enroll at the university. Things to consider: How did your interest in your major develop? Do you have any experience related to your major outside of the classroom — such as volunteer work, internships, and employment, or participation in student organizations and activities? OR consider including experience in the classroom.

Your completed case studies should be between 750–1000 words, and all sources must be properly cited using APA format. CASE STUDY #1 Amy is cooking dinner for her family. She moves to pull a pot off the stove and accidently touches the burner. She reflexively pulls her finger away from the stove and immediately feels the pain. Which receptor neuron is responsible for sending information from her finger to her peripheral nervous system? Is this receptor neuron, an afferent or efferent neuron? Explain where the information from the receptor neuron is sent and how does it result in Amy moving her finger away from the stove. Describe the three classes of neurons involved in this response. Evolutionarily, why do you think the human body has this system in place? What might happen if we did not have this response? CASE STUDY #2 Glen, who is 45 years old, begins to notice that his hands shake (tremors) when he is performing everyday tasks such as signing his signature. His family members have noticed that he also has muffled speech and tends to shuffle when he walks. He is diagnosed with Early Onset Parkinson’s disease. What is Early Onset Parkinson’s disease? What specific cell type is affected in Parkinson’s disease? What is dopamine? What effects does dopamine have on the body? Explain the structure of a synapse and why Glen’s neurologist would prescribe him a dopamine agonist? Glen has genetic testing performed and it is determined that he does carry an autosomal dominant mutation in the SNCA gene associated with Early Onset Parkinson’s disease. Glen has three children. Would you advise his children to have genetic testing performed to determine if they also carry the disease mutation? Why or why not? CASE STUDY #3 3. Patricia, who is 37 years old, discusses with her physician recent symptoms that she has experienced including blurred vision, numbness in her fingers and face, dizziness, fatigue and weakness. The physician performs multiple neurological tests and she is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). What is MS? Is MS a disease of the central or peripheral nervous system? What is the main cell structure affected in MS? How is the action potential of a neuron affected in MS? The origins of MS are not clear. What do scientists hypothesize to be the causes of MS? Your assignment should be written in an essay format. The assignment requires you to include details from research including the course materials and sources you locate on your own. Remember to use APA format to cite your sources of information, both within parenthetical citations and also within a reference page at the end of the project. Basic Writing Requirements: Between 750–1000 words not counting the title or reference pages. Include a title page, double space, font size 10 or 12. Include a well-developed introduction and conclusion Provide exceptional content. Demonstrate superior organization: use logic. Free of grammar and spelling errors. No evidence of plagiarism. Use APA style for all citations and references.

Case Study Lab Report for Labs 15: The Staphylococci A. Case Study from Lab 15: Unknown #1 A 57 year old female who is diabetic, a long time smoker, and who 28 days ago had hip replacement surgery presents with swelling, pain, inflammation, and erythema at the surgical site. Examination shows she has a fever of 101 °F, is exhibiting malaise, and has an increased total white blood cell count with a left shift. Ultrasonography examination indicates a deep abscess. A culture from an aspiration of the infected surgical site was taken. 1. Patient’s history and predisposing factors Read the case study. Explain how any relevant parts of the patient’s history contributed to your diagnosis of the type of infectious disease seen here. You are urged to use the computers in lab to search reliable medically oriented Internet sources to support this. Reliable sources you might consider are Medscape (http://emedicine.medscape.com/infectious_diseases) and The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at http://www.cdc.gov/. Cite any sources you use at the end of this Patient’s History section in APA style (http://www.apastyle.org/). The patient’s history should suggest a general type of infectious disease that is present, such as a urinary tract infection, a wound infection, gastroenteritis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, septicemia, etc. Do not look up the bacterium you eventually identify as the cause of this infectious disease. You don’t know the causative bacterium at this point. You need to determine the general type of infection to determine what microbiological tests to perform in order to identify the bacterium causing the infection. Search at least one medically-oriented reference article from a reliable site such as Medscape and use this article to support your diagnosis the type of infectious disease seen here. Don’t forget to cite any sources you used in APA style directly under this Patient’s History and Patient’s Symptoms sections of this Lab Report. 2. Patient’s symptoms Read the case study. Explain how the patient’s symptoms contributed to your diagnosis of the type of infectious disease seen here. You are urged to use the computers in lab to search reliable Internet sources to support this. Reliable sources you might consider are Medscape (http://emedicine.medscape.com/infectious_diseases) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at http://www.cdc.gov/. Cite any sources you use at the end of this Patient’s History section in APA style (http://www.apastyle.org/). The patient’s signs and symptoms should suggest a general type of infectious disease that is present, such as a urinary tract infection, a wound infection, gastroenteritis, strep throat, pneumonia, septicemia, etc. Do not look up the bacterium you eventually identify as the cause of this infectious disease. You don’t know the causative bacterium at this point. You need to determine the general type of infectious disease present in order to determine what microbiological tests to perform to identify the bacterium causing the infection. Search at least one medically-oriented reference article from a reliable site such as Medscape and use this article to support your diagnosis the type of infectious disease seen here. Don’t forget to cite any sources you used in APA style under this Patient’s History and Patient’s Symptoms sections of this Lab Report. 3. Vocabulary list for medical terms used in the case study under signs and symptoms List and define any medical terms used in your case study that describe the patients’s signs and symptoms that the average person not in the medical profession might not know. 4. Results of laboratory test given in the case study List each lab test given and explain how the results of that test helps to contribute to your diagnosis.  The CBC test is described in Appendix C of this lab manual. 5. Microbiological lab tests you performed in Lab 15 a. Gram stain and catalase test results   Give the Gram reaction (Gram-positive or Gram-negative and how you reached this conclusion) and the shape and arrangement of the unknown you were given. Because Enterococci and Staphylococci can sometimes look similar in Gram stains done from a plate culture, perform a catalase test on your unknown to help differentiate an Enterococcus from a Staphylococcus.  State how this contributed to your decision as to which microbiological tests and/or media to use next. The Gram stain is discussed in Lab 6. b. Blood agar with novobiocin (NB) disc   Give the results of the Blood agar with Taxo NB disc you performed on the unknown you were given, and how you reached this conclusion. State how this contributed to your your decision as to what bacterium is causing the infection. The possible results for Blood agar and NB disc were discussed in the beginning pages of this lab. c. Mannitol Salt agar Give the results of the Mannitol Salt agar you performed on the unknown you were given, and how you reached this conclusion. State how this contributed to your your decision as to what bacterium is causing the infection. The possible results for Mannitol Salt agar were discussed in the beginning pages of this lab. d. Coagulase test   Give the results of the Coagulase test you performed on the unknown you were given, and how you reached this conclusion. State how this contributed to your decision as to what bacterium is causing the infection. The possible results for the Coagulase test were discussed in the beginning pages of this lab. Final Diagnosis   Genus and species of unknown #1 = ________________________________       Infection: _________________________________

The final report should contain the following information: Cover page with the course name and number (make sure to include lab section) and your name. Introduction: here you should include the basic information of what are you doing – like an abstract Microbial ID:  Physical characteristics:  — Should include the descriptions of all physical characteristics: Gram stain, presence of endospore (type and position), capsule, flagella (as appropriate to your microbe), motility and O2 requirements. Biochemical profile: Here you should explain the reason for preforming the different chemical tests, how did they help you to separate your culprit from the other possible ones  (explanation from your plan of action.) NOTE:  DO NOT DESCRIBE TEST PROCEDURES, just the name of the test (or what enzyme are you testing for) and how this result separate your culprit from other possibilities. Complete the culture and identification report data sheet Results: here you should have a written analysis of your results. Results should be read directly from your culture and identification report data sheet (attached).  Make sure you include a clean copy of the report with your paper. —  do not re-write this (you may copy it exactly as given to you or) just attach the one provided to you. Conclusion proven the ID of your unknown and compare it to the actual description of the microbe (your unknown)  from a reliable source – preferable from Bergey’s manual; make sure to site the reference. References At least ten references, which may include your textbook, must be used. —  You must have in-text references as well as a complete list of references at the end of the paper.

Write a 1 to 2 page paper covering multiple sclerosis. This must be written in scientific style describing a disease and effect on the body. This paper must include a minimum of two references from the Internet

Read the following article on parthenogenesis (a form of asexual reproduction) that sometimes occurs in komodo dragons: https://www.livescience.com/9460-female-komodo-dragon-virgin-births.html Watch this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9sF5D9FOug Additional information on komodo dragons can be found here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon Read carefully to figure out how baby komodo dragons can be created without a male. It is also important to know that komodo dragons use the ZW system for sex determination; that is, females are ZW and males are ZZ.  Pretend that you are a female komodo dragon living alone on a desert island without any males. Write a first person narrative from the komodo dragon’s perspective describing how you can reproduce without males if necessary. Have fun with this, but get the biology facts in and keep it clean 🙂 In your response, be sure to mention how meiosis and mitosis both contribute to the production and growth of your parthenogenetic offspring. Are your offspring clones of you, or are they unique, and why? What is their sex, and why? How does their genetic diversity compare to offspring produced by sexual reproduction, and why? From an evolutionary perspective, which method of reproduction is more desirable for survival of your species as long as males are around – asexual or sexual, and why?