Accounting

This week you were introduced to managerial accounting and cost methods. Discuss the differences between fixed, mixed and variable costs and provide examples. Why is it important for managers to understand these costs?

You are required to write a 5 page long written paper based on the studies of annual report of any publicly-traded company (such as Apple). The format is as follows. Introduction: Why do you select the company? What do you like this company or dislike. Second paragraph : Compare 2019 and 2018 income statement, balance sheet and cash flow. Which part of financial statements need to pay more attention. Third Paragraph: Conclusion /Is this company good to invest or not? The 5 pages are included all financial statements, graph and bibliography

This assignment aligns with Chapter 4 Concepts. After reviewing the chapter, answer the following 4 questions and please number your answers! Thank you! 1. Briefly explain your understanding of the relationship between innovation and competitive advantage. 2. Identify 1 successful, innovative company that achieves competitive advantage using innovation. (Are there examples you can find related to the Pandemic?) 3. State what industry this company operates in and explain why you think they are innovative. 4. Identify one company that failed to innovate and failed to be successful, as a result.

Write a five- to seven-page comparative financial statement analysis of the three companies listed below, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. In this analysis, you will discuss the financial health of these companies with the ultimate goal of making a recommendation to other investors. Your paper should consist of the following sections: Company Overview, Comparison of Accounting Methods, Ratio Analysis, Final Recommendation, Conclusions. You will also submit an appendix as a separate document. Additional research may be necessary to provide company background information, or to support your analysis and recommendations. Your paper needs to include a minimum of two scholarly, peer-reviewed, and/or credible resources in addition to the textbook as references. Download the Form 10-K for each company. The Coca-Cola Company: Form 10-K. (Links to an external site.)Financial statements and notes start on page 60. Accounts receivable, page 81 Inventories, page 82 Depreciation, page 96 Goodwill, page 83 Dr. Pepper Annual Report (Links to an external site.). Click on the 2018 Annual Report Accounts receivable, page 72 Inventories, page 72 Depreciation, page 73 Goodwill, page 74 PepsiCo Annual Report (Links to an external site.). Financial statements and notes start on page 79. Accounts receivable, page 124 Inventories, page 89 Depreciation, page 95 Goodwill, page 88 Here is a breakdown of the sections within the body of the assignment (Use paragraph headings to indicate each section): Company Overview Provide a brief overview of the three companies (at least two pages). What industry is it in? What are its main products or services? Who are its competitors? Where is the company located? Ratio Analysis Calculate the current ratio, quick ratio, gross profit percentage, inventory turnover, accounts receivable turnover and asset turnover ratios for all three companies for the current year. Note: Cash includes cash and cash equivalents and short term investments. Explain how the ratio is calculated and discuss and interpret the ratios that you calculated. Discuss potential liquidity issues based on your calculations of the current and quick ratios. Are there any factors that could be erroneously influencing the results of the ratios? Discuss liquidity issues of the three companies. Comparison of Accounting Methods In your paper, ascertain from the notes of the financial statements the following: Explain the difference between the allowance method and the direct write off method for accounts receivable. Document the method used for each of the three companies. Explain the difference between the straight line, double declining balance and the unit-of-production depreciation methods. Document the method used for each of the three companies. Explain the difference between LIFO and FIFO and document the method used for each of the three companies. Explain the different categories of intangible assets and document the method used for each of the three companies. Recommendation Based on your analysis, would you recommend an individual invest in these companies? What strengths do you see? What risks do you see? It is perfectly acceptable to state that you would recommend avoiding this company, as long as you provide support for your position. Conclusions Include an appendix in a separate document. The appendix must include screenshots of the financial statements and information obtained for the receivables, intangible assets, depreciation, and inventory. You can get help with creating an appendix in APA format by using the Ashford Writing Center’s guide, Tables, Images, & Appendices (Links to an external site.). The Financial Statement Analysis Final Paper Must be five to seven double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s APA Style (Links to an external site.) Must include a separate title page with the following: Title of paper Student’s name Course name and number Instructor’s name Date submitted For further assistance with the formatting and the title page, refer to APA Formatting for Word 2013 (Links to an external site.). Must utilize academic voice. See the Academic Voice (Links to an external site.) resource for additional guidance. Must include an introduction and conclusion paragraph. Your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper. For assistance on writing Introductions & Conclusions (Links to an external site.) as well as Writing a Thesis Statement (Links to an external site.), refer to the Ashford Writing Center resources. Must use at least two scholarly/peer-reviewed and/or credible resources in addition to the course text. The Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.) table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source for a particular assignment. Must document any information used from sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s Citing Within Your Paper (Links to an external site.) Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. See the Formatting Your References List (Links to an external site.) resource in the Ashford Writing Center for specifications. Carefully review the Grading Rubric (Links to an external site.) for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.

Summarize three key financial metrics of interest to stockholders and then three key metrics of interest to one of the following groups: bankers, bondholders, managers, consumers, politicians. Describe and define the metrics effects in understanding and explaining how to employ the metrics for future financial analyses. It should be open-ended to allow interaction.

I want help in write a research proposal. I have a brief introduction and I have the research questions still need help in Abstract 1.1. Statement of the problem (10-12 sentences ) 1.2. Research questions need (brief introduction ) (4-5 sentences) 1.3. Research objectives (brief introduction ) (4-5 sentences) 1.4. Motivation of the study (10-12 sentences ) 1.5. The gap of literature (15 lines) 1.6. Theoretical framing (10 lines) 1.7. hypotheses development need write an explanation (10 lines) 1.8. Study Sample ( introdction) 1.9. Research methods introduction (10 lines) 1.10. Semi-structured interviews more explanation (10 lines) 1.11. Survey: more explanation (10 lines) 1.12. Expected outcome (10 lines) 1.13. Contributions to Knowledge( 10 lines ) 1.14. Conclusion (20 lines)

Answer the following questions: – Explain why the marginal cost of production must increased if the marginal product of the marginal resource is decreasing. – Define productivity efficiency and allocative efficiency. What conditions must be met in order to achieve them? – Originality Report .5 pt (No higher than 30%.. Anything above 60% will be carefully assessed and with a high probability that you will be requested to re-submit) – Content Relevancy .5 pt (100% relevant content to the subject matter) All explanations must be based on your own words, Not copy and paste from the internet Plagiarism free

Week 7 Discussion Discuss standard costs and when it is efficient to use standard costs? Reply this 1st post: Standard Costs Standard costs are projections of actual costs in a firm’s manufacturing process as actual costs cannot be identified in advance. To obtain a standard cost, the summation of direct materials, manufacturing overheads, and direct labor are necessary (Drury, 2013). Standard costing is the accounting system used to identify the variances between standard and actual costing. Standard costs are beneficial to a firm as it can assign value to its inventory by multiplying the actual stock by the standard cost of each item.             Similarly, it is useful in product pricing as budgets furnish information on expected expenses incurred by the business. Such information guides management on the amount to charge to obtain target profit (Collis, 2016). Standard costs assume there are no fluctuations in prices and, as such, allow financial costs to be produced more accessible and faster. The main disadvantages are that it only focuses on unfavorable variances and does not provide enough information to distinguish product units.   Standard costs are useful, especially in the manufacturing industry, for budgeting for the upcoming year. Standard costs are vital in the analysis of variances and cost control as they are compared against the actual costs with variations caused changes in material and labor costs as well as manufacturing overheads (The Role of Standard Costs in Management | Managerial Accounting, n.d.). It explains the management by exception method. For instance, unfavorable variance calls for management action in guiding the firm to achieve the cost element of its profit objective. Unfavorable difference occurs when the actual costs are more than the ideal costs. A favorable budget difference is when actual expenses do not exceed typical costs and do not require management action.  Notably, in developing standards, assumed conditions for meeting the standards is considerable. There are ideal and practical standards. Perfect standards form the best manufacturing circumstances where workers are highly efficient and skilled and with no machinery problems (Collis, 2016). Reasonable standards are strict but attainable requirements with allowances for machinery issues and workers’ rest periods.  References Collis, J. (2016). Management accounting. Drury, C. M. (2013). Management and cost accounting. Springer.  The Role of Standard Costs in Management | Managerial Accounting. Retrieved 17 August 2020, from ———————————————————————————————————————————— Reply second post:  Standard costs set standards for measuring the performance of specific tasks completion; standards are set both for quantity and costs needed to produce goods or services (Noreen, 2020). Cost standards indicate what the cost per unit should be. Standard costs can be analyzed by the services we provide in retail sales, by examining quota attainment and sales based on hourly wages; the cost to achieve one sale with a variance if it takes less or more time over the duration of a set time period.    Noreen, (2020), outlines several key advantages to standard costs; for management and leadership, this analysis allows management to focus on outside factors as long as costs conform to standards. They also provide benchmarks for both efficiency and performance- this is especially appropriate when dealing with sales and quota targets and attainment. This also simplifies bookkeeping as standard costs for materials, labor, and overhead can be charged to jobs.    There are also restrictions and pitfalls to be aware of standard costs. One issue that I experience is using standard costs to assign blame or punish subordinates, as opposed to examining processes that may be negatively impacting the process. In sales, that means using standard costs variances negatively may lead to unethical sales practices to cover up or hide unfavorable cost vs profit reporting.    Noreen, E.W., Brewer, P.C. & Garrison, R.H.  (2020).  Managerial Accounting for Managers.  5th edition.  McGraw-Hill + e-book + Connect + Learn ISBN: 978-1260480771

Five Sections of the Final Assignment: 1.  Prepare and evaluate a Comparative Horizontal Income Statement and Balance Sheet and a Common Size Vertical Income Statement using current financials from an existing business.  2.  Conduct a Ratio Analysis using financials from an existing business and analyze both the ratio and the trend. 3.  Using the Bottoms Up Approach to Pricing, determine the minimum sales revenue needed for the first year the new business will be open.   4. Prepare an Annual Budgeted Income Statement in the USAR format for the first year of a new business. 5. Calculate and analyze Average Check Projections for both meal periods based on the prepared operating budget.

Please help with this situation analysis for three or four pages  You are a tax partner in a regional CPA firm. One of your fellow partners requests you to assist in a presentation to a new client, John Smith. John is a business executive with a scientific background, and is about to form a new business. John is a married taxpayer with three children. He is in the 35% federal marginal tax bracket. John has approximately $800,000 to invest in the new business. John plans to start a pharmaceutical consulting company. He has developed a business plan and has obtained available financing of $500,000 secured by his assets. The business will be located in New Jersey or Pennsylvania with nine -twelve employees initially. John projects a loss in the first year of operation of approximately $90,000 due to start up costs, including marketing and business development. He is interested in protecting his personal assets from the creditors of the business venture. John anticipates making $170,000 of fixed asset purchases during the first year of operation. Three of John’s friends, Todd who is an attorney with a scientific background, Scott, who is an IT specialist, and Kate, who is a marketing/public relations and project manager, will join the business venture. Todd’s contributions to the business venture will his legal services, business advice, and cash of approximately $100,000. Scott   will only contribute his services. Kate will contribute $40,000 and her services to the business. Since the business is projected to be profitable and expand in year two, John may seek funding from outside investors for expansion in year three. He does not want a large number of investors. Requirements Please prepare a concise written report responding to the following questions: 1.Based on the above, what entity do you recommend for John in this situation- sole proprietorship, partnership, C Corporation, S corporation, or LLC? Why? 2.Briefly discuss the state tax implications and differences of operating in New Jersey or Pennsylvania? 3.What other current business and personal tax planning advice would you give John?